Nature Immunology Contents: March 2015 Volume 16 pp 215 - 326

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Advertisement The Vilcek Foundation congratulates the recipients of the 2015 Vilcek Prizes in Biomedical Science Peter Walter (University of California, San Francisco) wins $100,000 Vilcek Prize Sun Hur (Harvard Medical School & Boston Children's Hospital), Rob Knight (University of California, San Diego), and Franziska Michor (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard School of Public Health) receive $50,000 Vilcek Prizes for Creative Promise. More on Vilcek.org TABLE OF CONTENTS March 2015 Volume 16, Issue 3 Commentary News and Views Research Highlights Review Articles Resources Corrigenda Advertisement   NEW WHITE PAPER: Xenograft Host Selection - Important Factors for Experimental Success GEMs models are now an integral part of understanding tumor biology, validating in vitro findings, and mimicking disease progression. This Paper explores: Critical elements to in vivo study design The utilization of spontaneous immune deficient mice GEM model application in Oncology research Download Now Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Insight Frontiers in biology This year's Frontiers in Biology Insight covers the amygdala and how technology is helping us to understand its complex connectivity, innate lymphoid cells, nutrient-sensing mechanisms in mammals, a form of cell death called necroptosis, and the regulation and function of DNA methylation and its use as a cellular marker.  Access the Insight online.     Commentary Top Feeding immunity: skepticism, delicacies and delights   pp215 - 219 Marc Veldhoen and Henrique Veiga-Fernandes doi:10.1038/ni.3100 There are clear epidemiological links between nutrition and immunological function, but a dearth of mechanistic insights has made this topic controversial. Veldhoen and Veiga-Fernandes discuss this controversy and explore ways to take this research forward. News and Views Top LincRNA signatures in human lymphocytes   pp220 - 222 Benoit T Roux and Mark A Lindsay doi:10.1038/ni.3106 Sequencing studies have provided a comprehensive catalog of the expression of intergenic long noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) in 13 subsets of human T cells and B cells. Subtype-selective lincRNAs are among those identified, including linc-MAF-4, that might regulate T cell differentiation. See also: Resource by Ranzani et al. Profiling the diversity of innate lymphoid cells   pp222 - 224 Andreas Diefenbach doi:10.1038/ni.3107 Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has provided important insight not only into their developmental relationships and phenotypic plasticity but also into previously unknown functions. See also: Resource by Robinette et al. It takes CK2 to suppress TH2   pp224 - 225 Deepali V Sawant and Alexander L Dent doi:10.1038/ni.3104 Optimal immunosuppression by regulatory T cells (Treg cells) relies on gene-expression and signaling modules that are customized to the target cell. The kinase CK2 is upregulated in Treg cells and controls a newly identified Treg cell subset that acts on dendritic cells to suppress T helper type 2 inflammatory responses in the lungs. See also: Article by Ulges et al. IL-1 watches the watchmen   pp226 - 227 Alejandro V Villarino and Arian Laurence doi:10.1038/ni.3105 Direct antagonism between interleukin1 (IL-1) and the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid tips the balance between differentiation into the TH17 subset of helper T cells or into regulatory T cells by influencing the transcription factors STAT3 and STAT5. See also: Article by Basu et al. Immunology JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Fellow in Cellular Immunology University of Crete, Medical School Postdoctoral Researcher in Immunology United Arab Emiraes University Postdoctoral Position in Cancer Immunology Universität Basel Faculty, Immunology Research / Immunotherapy University of Virginia Open Rank Faculty Position University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT Nutritional Immunology: Role in Health and Disease 26th July - 31st July 2015 Lisbon, Portugal More science events from Research Highlights Top Profiling carbohydrate recognition | Dopamine controls NLRP3 | Healing the CNS | Immunological complementation | Venom activity | A20 inhibits the inflammasome Review Top Innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease   pp229 - 236 Michael T Heneka, Douglas T Golenbock and Eicke Latz doi:10.1038/ni.3102 Alzheimer's disease is the most common dementing illness. Heneka, Golenbock and Latz review the inflammatory basis of this disease and the important role played by cells of the innate immune system. Articles Top Mycobacterium tuberculosis suppresses innate immunity by coopting the host ubiquitin system   pp237 - 245 Jing Wang, Bing-Xi Li, Pu-Pu Ge, Jie Li, Qi Wang et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3096 PtpA is a secreted mycobacterial protein and virulence factor. Liu and colleagues demonstrate that PtpA suppresses signaling by cells of the innate immune system by coopting the activity of host ubiquitin. The kinase MST4 limits inflammatory responses through direct phosphorylation of the adaptor TRAF6   pp246 - 257 Shi Jiao, Zhen Zhang, Chuanchuan Li, Min Huang, Zhubing Shi et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3097 Inflammation needs to be carefully controlled to prevent immunopathology. Zhou and colleagues demonstrate that the kinase MST4 dampens inflammation in a nonredundant way by targeting the activity of the key proinflammatory signaling molecule TRAF6. αβ T cell antigen receptor recognition of CD1a presenting self lipid ligands   pp258 - 266 Richard W Birkinshaw, Daniel G Pellicci, Tan-Yun Cheng, Andrew N Keller, Maria Sandoval-Romero et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3098 CD1a presents a broad repertoire of lipid-based antigens. Rossjohn and colleagues show that the TCR docks over CD1a in a manner that precludes contact with permissive antigens, while nonpermissive antigens disrupt the TCR-CD1a contact. Protein kinase CK2 enables regulatory T cells to suppress excessive TH2 responses in vivo   pp267 - 275 Alexander Ulges, Matthias Klein, Sebastian Reuter, Bastian Gerlitzki, Markus Hoffmann et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3083 The mechanisms that control the suppressive function of Treg cells in specific tissues are unclear. Bopp and colleagues show that Treg cells have high expression of kinase CK2 and this is critical for their ability to suppress type 2 responses in the lungs. See also: News and Views by Sawant & Dent The transcriptional regulators IRF4, BATF and IL-33 orchestrate development and maintenance of adipose tissue-resident regulatory T cells   pp276 - 285 Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar, Kazuyo Moro, Annie Xin, Yang Liao, Renee Gloury et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3085 Obesity-associated inflammation is restrained by regulatory T cells present in visceral fat. Kallies and colleagues show interleukin 33 and the transcription factors BATF and IRF4 are necessary to maintain visceral adipose tissue Treg cells. IL-1 signaling modulates activation of STAT transcription factors to antagonize retinoic acid signaling and control the TH17 cell-iTreg cell balance   pp286 - 295 Rajatava Basu, Sarah K Whitley, Suniti Bhaumik, Carlene L Zindl, Trenton R Schoeb et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3099 iTreg cells and TH17 cells share developmental steps, but their cellular fate depends on environmental cues. Weaver and colleagues show that IL-1 signaling alters the STAT3-STAT5 balance to skew cellular differentiation towards TH17 CD4+ T cells. See also: News and Views by Villarino & Laurence Class-switched memory B cells remodel BCRs within secondary germinal centers   pp296 - 305 Louise J McHeyzer-Williams, Pierre J Milpied, Shinji L Okitsu and Michael G McHeyzer-Williams doi:10.1038/ni.3095 The mechanisms of secondary changes in antibody repertoires remain unclear. McHeyzer-Williams and colleagues define the stages of reentry of class-switched memory B cells into germinal centers to remodel existing antibody specificities. Resources Top Transcriptional programs define molecular characteristics of innate lymphoid cell classes and subsets   pp306 - 317 Michelle L Robinette, Anja Fuchs, Victor S Cortez, Jacob S Lee, Yaming Wang et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3094 The classification of some subsets of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is unclear. Colonna and colleagues use transcriptional profiling to show unique gene-expression patterns for some ILCs and overlapping patterns between ILC1 and NK cells. See also: News and Views by Diefenbach The long intergenic noncoding RNA landscape of human lymphocytes highlights the regulation of T cell differentiation by linc-MAF-4   pp318 - 325 Valeria Ranzani, Grazisa Rossetti, Ilaria Panzeri, Alberto Arrigoni, Raoul J P Bonnal et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3093 Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) contribute to the regulation of gene expression. Pagani and colleagues identify hundreds of unique lincRNAs expressed in human lymphocytes and demonstrate a role for the lincRNA linc-MAF-4 in the differentiation of CD4+ T cells. See also: News and Views by Roux & Lindsay Corrigenda Top Corrigendum: Intestinal immune homeostasis is regulated by the crosstalk between epithelial cells and dendritic cells   p326 Monica Rimoldi, Marcello Chieppa, Valentina Salucci, Francesca Avogadri, Angelica Sonzogni et al. doi:10.1038/ni0315-326a Corrigendum: Direct extracellular interaction between the early secreted antigen ESAT-6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and TLR2 inhibits TLR signaling in macrophages   p326 Sushil Kumar Pathak, Sanchita Basu, Kunal Kumar Basu, Anirban Banerjee, Shresh Pathak et al. doi:10.1038/ni0315-326b Corrigendum: The RIP1-RIP3 complex initiates mitochondrial fission to fuel NLRP3   p326 Manira Rayamajhi and Edward A Miao doi:10.1038/ni0315-326c Top Advertisement FOCUS on: Immunology of the lung A series of Reviews and an animation specially commissioned by Nature Immunology explore the immunology of the lungs.  Access is available free online.  Produced with support from Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. 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