Nature Climate Change Contents January 2015 Volume 5 Number 1 pp 1-79

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TABLE OF CONTENTS January 2015 Volume 5, Issue 1 Editorial Correspondence Commentaries Market Watch Research Highlights News and Views Perspective Review Letters Article Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter     Advertisement Nature Communications is now fully open access All new submissions to Nature Communications, if accepted, will be published open access and an article processing charge will apply. For more information visit the website. Many research funders and institutions make funds available to pay open access APCs: please consult our open access funding page to check if your funder or institution has funding available. For advice on whether you are eligible for APC funding and help in approaching funders and institutions please contact us at openaccess@nature.com       Editorial Top Ocean wanderers p1 doi:10.1038/nclimate2489 The ocean is a difficult environment to study due to its vast, remote regions. Climate change is impacting on marine biology and we need to better understand how this will manifest. Correspondence Top Declining availability of outdoor skating in Canada pp2 - 4 Jeremy R. Brammer, Jason Samson and Murray M. Humphries doi:10.1038/nclimate2465 Commentaries Top Institutional coordination of global ocean observations pp4 - 6 Wenju Cai, Susan K. Avery, Margaret Leinen, Kenneth Lee, Xiaopei Lin and Martin Visbeck doi:10.1038/nclimate2482 A sustainable global ocean observation system requires timely implementation of the framework for ocean observing. The recent Qingdao Global Ocean Summit highlighted the need for a more coherent institutional response to maintain an integrated ocean-observing system. Responding to adaptation emergencies pp6 - 7 Jim W. Hall, Frans Berkhout and Rowan Douglas doi:10.1038/nclimate2467 The impacts of extreme events are triggering action and reaction — sometimes in unexpected ways. Confronted by 'adaptation emergencies', the private sector is rapidly innovating climate risk management, but governments must also fulfil their responsibilities. Messaging climate change uncertainty pp8 - 10 Roger M. Cooke doi:10.1038/nclimate2466 Climate change is full of uncertainty and the messengers of climate science are not getting the uncertainty narrative right. To communicate uncertainty one must first understand it, and then avoid repeating the mistakes of the past. A balanced-efforts approach for climate cooperation pp10 - 12 Robert C. Schmidt doi:10.1038/nclimate2447 Focusing on policies and effort costs rather than emissions may facilitate climate negotiations and improve the chances of reaching a successful agreement. The effort costs of a country comprise investments in low-carbon technologies, in addition to direct mitigation costs. Lessons learned from ocean acidification research pp12 - 14 Ulf Riebesell and Jean-Pierre Gattuso doi:10.1038/nclimate2456 Reflection on the rapidly growing field of ocean acidification research highlights priorities for future research on the changing ocean. Carbon finance and the carbon market in China pp15 - 16 Xiang Yu and Alex Y. Lo doi:10.1038/nclimate2462 The chinese carbon market is up and running, but private finance has not been fully utilized. Finance-friendly policies are needed to help the world's largest greenhouse-gas emitter to harness market forces for climate change mitigation. Market Watch Top A tandem production pp17 - 18 Anna Petherick doi:10.1038/nclimate2478 Emissions pledges from the United States and China have re-energized the push for a global climate agreement. Anna Petherick considers how serious the promises are. Research Highlights Top Arctic Ecology: Lakes in peril | Biodiversity: Planetary boundaries | Temperature trends: Warming hemispheres | Economics: Climate-trade policy nexus News and Views Top Oceanography: A roadmap on ecosystem change pp20 - 21 John P. Dunne doi:10.1038/nclimate2480 Global models highlight that environmental change in marine ecosystems is caused by multiple stressors. Now a study puts these projections into a biogeographical framework suitable for integration with wider biological understanding and more robust impact assessment. See also: Article by Philip W. Boyd et al. Atmospheric chemistry: Climate's chemical sensitivity pp21 - 22 David S. Stevenson doi:10.1038/nclimate2477 Constraining climate sensitivity is a top priority for climate science. Now research shows that the details of how stratospheric ozone is represented in models can have a strong influence on warming projections. See also: Letter by Peer J. Nowack et al. nclimate JOBS of the week Assistant Professor in Climate Change Cluster (4) Positions University of New Hampshire Assistant Professor of Climate Change Ecology University of California, Davis* NERC-Funded PhD Studentships in Palaeoclimate and Climate Systems Cardiff University Regional Climate Modeller The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Scientist - Aquatic Ecosystem Science Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies More Science jobs from nclimate EVENT The 7th International Conference on Ocular Infections 03.09.15 Barcelona, Spain More science events from Perspective Top Livelihood resilience in the face of climate change pp23 - 26 Thomas Tanner, David Lewis, David Wrathall, Robin Bronen, Nick Cradock-Henry, Saleemul Huq, Chris Lawless, Raphael Nawrotzki, Vivek Prasad, Md. Ashiqur Rahman, Ryan Alaniz, Katherine King, Karen McNamara, Md. Nadiruzzaman, Sarah Henly-Shepard and Frank Thomalla doi:10.1038/nclimate2431 Those concerned with human responses to climate-related impacts increasingly use resilience as a framing concept. This Perspective critiques dominant approaches to resilience building and advocates a human livelihoods-based path. Review Top Effects of tropical deforestation on climate and agriculture pp27 - 36 Deborah Lawrence and Karen Vandecar doi:10.1038/nclimate2430 Tropical forests provide many ecosystem and climatic services. This Review provides a synthesis of the effects of tropical deforestation on climate and implications for agriculture, both in the tropics and worldwide. Letters Top Acting green elicits a literal warm glow pp37 - 40 Danny Taufik, Jan Willem Bolderdijk and Linda Steg doi:10.1038/nclimate2449 It is commonly assumed that pro-environmental behaviour can be triggered by offering an extrinsic reward. Now research shows that acting pro-environmentally elicits positive feelings and leads people to feel warmer. In experiments, people who learn they act in an environmentally friendly way feel good about themselves and perceive a higher room temperature than people who learn their behaviour is environmentally unfriendly. A large ozone-circulation feedback and its implications for global warming assessments pp41 - 45 Peer J. Nowack, N. Luke Abraham, Amanda C. Maycock, Peter Braesicke, Jonathan M. Gregory, Manoj M. Joshi, Annette Osprey and John A. Pyle doi:10.1038/nclimate2451 Climate models include many processes that may be simplified to save computational time. This work shows that model representation of upper atmosphere ozone can impact on the projected climate sensitivity. See also: News and Views by David S. Stevenson Dramatically increasing chance of extremely hot summers since the 2003 European heatwave pp46 - 50 Nikolaos Christidis, Gareth S. Jones and Peter A. Stott doi:10.1038/nclimate2468 In 2003, Europe experienced a summer heatwave that resulted in tens of thousands of deaths. This study uses observation and model data to show that human influence is increasing the probability of extremely hot summers in Europe, with events now expected to occur twice a decade, compared with predictions of twice a century in the early 2000s. Supraglacial lakes on the Greenland ice sheet advance inland under warming climate pp51 - 55 A. A. Leeson, A. Shepherd, K. Briggs, I. Howat, X. Fettweis, M. Morlighem and E. Rignot doi:10.1038/nclimate2463 Melt lakes form each year on the surface of the Greenland ice sheet but currently occur in regions with good subglacial drainage. An investigation of the impacts of the warming climate finds that the lakes will expand to higher elevations where ice-sheet drainage is not as efficient, which could result in enhanced lubrication and warming of the base of the ice. Weaker soil carbon–climate feedbacks resulting from microbial and abiotic interactions pp56 - 60 Jinyun Tang and William J. Riley doi:10.1038/nclimate2438 Parameterization of the temperature sensitivity of decomposition and efficiency of microbial carbon use represent large sources of uncertainty in soil carbon–climate responses. Now research shows that interactions between temperature, microbial biogeochemistry and mineral surface sorptive reactions could result in variable but weaker soil carbon–climate feedbacks compared with conventional substrate characterization with static temperature sensitivity. Physiological plasticity increases resilience of ectothermic animals to climate change pp61 - 66 Frank Seebacher, Craig R. White and Craig E. Franklin doi:10.1038/nclimate2457 Acclimation, a form of physiological plasticity, is the capacity for organisms to physiologically adjust to temperature variation. Such changes can potentially reduce climate change impacts on animal populations. Research synthesizing the current state of knowledge about physiological plasticity in ectotherms shows that freshwater and marine animals seem to have a greater capacity for acclimation than terrestrial ones. Permafrost collapse after shrub removal shifts tundra ecosystem to a methane source pp67 - 70 Ake L. Nauta, Monique M. P. D. Heijmans, Daan Blok, Juul Limpens, Bo Elberling, Angela Gallagher, Bingxi Li, Roman E. Petrov, Trofim C. Maximov, Jacobus van Huissteden and Frank Berendse doi:10.1038/nclimate2446 The release of carbon from decomposing Arctic soils, following permafrost thaw, is a potentially important climate feedback. Research now shows how shrub cover protects permafrost carbon reservoirs. Manipulative experiments show that the loss of shrub cover leads to a transition of the tundra to waterlogged methane-emitting conditions. Article Top Biological ramifications of climate-change-mediated oceanic multi-stressors pp71 - 79 Philip W. Boyd, Sinikka T. Lennartz, David M. Glover and Scott C. Doney doi:10.1038/nclimate2441 Modelling studies of climate change impacts on phytoplankton typically consider individual properties, which ignores the complex nature of the marine environment. This work undertakes regional assessments using multiple properties, including interactions, and finds shifts of <20-300% in phytoplankton physiological rates. See also: News and Views by John P. Dunne   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. 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