Wednesday, June 13, 2012

Nature contents: 14 June 2012

 
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  Volume 486 Number 7402   
 

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This week's highlights

 
 

Special: Human Microbiota

 
 

The human body is colonized by a vast number of microbes, collectively referred to as the human microbiota. The link between these microbes and our health is the focus of a growing number of research initiatives, and new insights are emerging rapidly, some of which we are proud to present in this special collection.

more

 
 
 

Biological Sciences

More Biological sciences
 
Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome
 

A large-scale resource for investigating microbial communities throughout the human body and an analysis of these data is reported in two studies in Nature this week. The data, from the Human Microbiome Project Consortium, provide a platform for future studies of the dynamics of the human microbiome and its impacts on human health.

 
 
 

Earth & Environmental Sciences

More Earth & Environmental sciences
 
Possible tropical lakes on Titan from observations of dark terrain
 

Saturn's moon Titan has a methane cycle similar in principle to Earth's water cycle, though surface liquid is scarce on Titan, detected mainly at high latitudes. This paper reports near-infrared spectral images of an area in the tropics with an unusual dark surface, which could indicate the presence of liquid methane on the surface, supplied by an underground reservoir.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 

Nature Outlook: Breast Cancer
Each year, 1.3 million women - and some 13,000 men - are diagnosed with breast cancer. The past few decades have seen huge advances in treatment, but about one-quarter of those diagnosed will die from the disease. The difficult challenges are only just starting. Access the Outlook free online for six months.
Produced with support from: Saisei Mirai

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Earth & Environmental Sciences

More Earth & Environmental sciences
 
A signature of cosmic-ray increase in AD 774–775 from tree rings in Japan
 

Carbon-14 concentrations in tree rings are used as an indicator of cosmic ray activity — 14C is produced by the interaction of atmospheric nitrogen with cosmic-ray neutrons. Analysis of the 14C content of annual rings in two individual Japanese cedar trees covering the period AD 774 to 775 now reveals evidence of a rapid increase of about 12% in the 14C content, about 20-times larger than the change expected due to ordinary solar modulation. This suggests that an extremely energetic event occurred around AD 775 in our space environment, though its cause remains a mystery.

 
 
 

Podcast & Video

 
 

In this week's podcast: reading the minds of the brain dead, sequencing the last great ape, and fifty years since the book that sparked the green movement.

 
 
 
 
Special - Human MicrobiotaFree Access top
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Articles

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome ▶

 
 

Curtis Huttenhower, Dirk Gevers, Rob Knight, Sahar Abubucker, Jonathan H. Badger et al.

 
 
 
 
 
 

A framework for human microbiome research ▶

 
 

Barbara A. Methé, Karen E. Nelson, Mihai Pop, Heather H. Creasy, Michelle G. Giglio et al.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography ▶

 
 

Tanya Yatsunenko, Federico E. Rey, Mark J. Manary, Indi Trehan, Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello et al.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Letter

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Dietary-fat-induced taurocholic acid promotes pathobiont expansion and colitis in Il10−/− mice ▶

 
 

Suzanne Devkota, Yunwei Wang, Mark W. Musch, Vanessa Leone, Hannah Fehlner-Peach et al.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
News & Comment Read daily news coverage top
 
 
 
 
 
 

THIS WEEK

 
 
 
 
 

Editorial

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Reply to all ▶

 
 

Scientists discussing their work through written media, including e-mail, should be aware that they could at any time be asked to reveal their conversations.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Announcement: Calling Nordic mentors ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 

World View

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Researchers can't regulate climate engineering alone ▶

 
 

Political interests, not scientists or inventors, will be the biggest influence on technologies to counter climate change, says Jason Blackstock.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Seven Days

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Seven days: 8–14 June 2012 ▶

 
 

The week in science: Funding for European Extremely Large Telescope; Budget cuts eat into Nobel prize; and ethical thumbs-up for altering embryos to prevent mitochondrial diseases.

 
 
 
 
 

NEWS IN FOCUS

 
 
 
 
 

Poverty project opens to scrutiny ▶

 
 

Panel set to reshape evaluation of Millennium Villages research after partial retraction of health claims.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Journal offers flat fee for 'all you can publish' ▶

 
 

Latest venture is part of an explosion of ideas for open-access publishing.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Genome test slammed for assessing 'racial purity' ▶

 
 

Hungarian far-right politician certified as 'free of Jewish and Roma' genes.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Stellar UK scope faces closure ▶

 
 

Specialize or die is the mantra for medium-sized instruments.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Grant review opens up Texas-sized rift ▶

 
 

Big money and big ambitions roil state's research efforts.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Tabletop X-rays light up ▶

 
 

Compact device promises to open window on chemical reactions in the lab.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Features

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Metallic hydrogen: Hard pressed ▶

 
 

Two physicists say they have forced hydrogen to become an exotic metal thought to exist only in the hearts of giant planets. Now they must face their critics.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Neuroscience: The mind reader ▶

 
 

Adrian Owen has found a way to use brain scans to communicate with people previously written off as unreachable. Now, he is fighting to take his methods to the clinic.

 
 
 
 
 

COMMENT

 
 
 
 
 

Greater observatories: A midlife crisis for X-ray astronomy ▶

 
 

As the field celebrates its 50th birthday, Martin Elvis asks how to keep this unique window into the Universe open.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Uncertainty: Climate models at their limit? ▶

 
 

Estimates of climate-change impacts will get less, rather than more, certain. But this should not excuse inaction, say Mark Maslin and Patrick Austin.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Sanitation for all ▶

 
 

Water pollution from sewage is causing great damage to India. The nation needs to complete its waste systems and reinvent toilet technologies, says Sunita Narain.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Books and Arts

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Ecodesign: The bottom line ▶

 
 

If architecture is 'design for living', one of its greatest challenges is how to live with the masses of waste we excrete. Four pioneers in green sanitation design outline solutions to a dilemma too often shunted down the pan.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Q&A: Architect of change ▶

 
 

Urban campaigner and architect Arif Hasan has been central to a sanitary revolution, transforming Orangi, Karachi, from informal settlement to thriving community. Using his technical know-how, residents built a sewage system, sparking vast social change. Now chair of Pakistan's urbanization task force, he discusses incorporating sustainable design into poor cities.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Correspondence

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Rio+20: Don't forget health in sustainability talks Bianca Brijnath, Anthony J. McMichael & Colin D. Butler | Research networks: US policy should not shape collaborations Bridget Pratt & Bebe Loff | Environment: Planetary boundaries concept is valuable Victor Galaz | Brazil: Combat the effects of Forest Code changes Alison G. Nazareno

 
 
 
 
 

Retraction

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Retraction: DNA demethylation in hormone-induced transcriptional derepression ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 

The new post-master's graduate certificate in Sequence Analysis and Genomics* at Johns Hopkins University provides scientists with the training and skills in bioinformatics tools that are required in order to bridge the gap between molecular biology & computer technology. Find out more today at http://advanced.jhu.edu/academic/biotechnology

*pending MHEC endorsement

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Biological Sciences top
 
 
 
 
 
 

RESEARCH

 
 
 
 
 

Latest Online

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Embryonic stem cell potency fluctuates with endogenous retrovirus activity ▶

 
 

Todd S. Macfarlan, Wesley D. Gifford, Shawn Driscoll, Karen Lettieri, Helen M. Rowe et al.

 
 

A rare cell subpopulation within mouse embryonic stem cell cultures is identified that exhibits properties of two-cell (2C) embryos; the interconversion of ES cells to 2C cells correlates with endogenous retroviral activity.

 
 
 
 
 
 

The bonobo genome compared with the chimpanzee and human genomes ▶

 
 

Kay Prüfer, Kasper Munch, Ines Hellmann, Keiko Akagi, Jason R. Miller et al.

 
 

Sequencing of the bonobo genome shows that more than three per cent of the human genome is more closely related to either the bonobo genome or the chimpanzee genome than those genomes are to each other.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Widespread adoption of Bt cotton and insecticide decrease promotes biocontrol services ▶

 
 

Yanhui Lu, Kongming Wu, Yuying Jiang, Yuyuan Guo & Nicolas Desneux

 
 

The widespread use of Bt crops reduces the outbreaks of certain targeted pests and the need for insecticide use, leading to enhanced biocontrol of other potential pest species in the Bt crops; neighbouring non-Bt crops may also benefit.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer ▶

 
 

Sandra Misale, Rona Yaeger, Sebastijan Hobor, Elisa Scala, Manickam Janakiraman et al.

 
 

Molecular alterations in KRAS are associated with acquired resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) treatment in colorectal cancer; resistant mutations can be identified in the blood of patients, months before clinical evidence of disease progression.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum diversity in natural infections by deep sequencing ▶

 
 

Magnus Manske, Olivo Miotto, Susana Campino, Sarah Auburn, Jacob Almagro-Garcia et al.

 
 

Next-generation sequencing is used here to analyse Plasmodium falciparum genome variation directly from clinical blood samples, as well as cultured isolates, from Africa, Asia and Oceania.

 
 
 
 
 
 

The molecular evolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectal cancers ▶

 
 

Luis A. Diaz Jr, Richard T. Williams, Jian Wu, Isaac Kinde, J. Randolph Hecht et al.

 
 

This work on colorectal cancer shows that secondary mutations in KRAS that confer resistance to panitumumab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, are already present when antibody treatment begins; the apparent inevitability of resistance suggests that combinations of drugs targeting at least two different oncogenic pathway will be needed for treatment.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Dietary-fat-induced taurocholic acid promotes pathobiont expansion and colitis in Il10−/− mice ▶

 
 

Suzanne Devkota, Yunwei Wang, Mark W. Musch, Vanessa Leone, Hannah Fehlner-Peach et al.

 
 

Consumption of a diet high in milk-derived fat is shown to increase the abundance of sulphite-reducing bacteria by altering bile composition, leading to inflammation and colitis in genetically susceptible mice.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Drug discovery: Computer model predicts side effects ▶

 
 

Kyle Kolaja

 
 
 
 
 
 

Whole-genome analysis informs breast cancer response to aromatase inhibition ▶

 
 

Matthew J. Ellis, Li Ding, Dong Shen, Jingqin Luo, Vera J. Suman et al.

 
 

Whole-genome analysis of oestrogen-receptor-positive tumours in patients treated with aromatase inhibitors show that distinct phenotypes are associated with specific patterns of somatic mutations; however, most recurrent mutations are relatively infrequent so prospective clinical trials will require comprehensive sequencing and large study populations.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Large-scale prediction and testing of drug activity on side-effect targets ▶

 
 

Eugen Lounkine, Michael J. Keiser, Steven Whitebread, Dmitri Mikhailov, Jacques Hamon et al.

 
 

A large-scale computational effort is used to predict the activity of 656 drugs against 73 protein targets that have been associated with adverse drug reactions; the abdominal pain side effect of the synthetic oestrogen chlorotrianisene is shown to be mediated through its inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1.

 
 
 
 
 
 

A tumour suppressor network relying on the polyamine–hypusine axis ▶

 
 

Claudio Scuoppo, Cornelius Miething, Lisa Lindqvist, José Reyes, Cristian Ruse et al.

 
 

AMD1 and eIF5A are identified as two genes involved in the polyamine–hypusine pathway, a new tumour suppressor network regulating apoptosis.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Ecological opportunity and sexual selection together predict adaptive radiation ▶

 
 

Catherine E. Wagner, Luke J. Harmon & Ole Seehausen

 
 

Adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes in the African Great Lakes is predictable, but only when species traits and environmental factors are jointly considered.

 
 
 
 
 
 

SbsB structure and lattice reconstruction unveil Ca2+ triggered S-layer assembly ▶

 
 

Ekaterina Baranova, Rémi Fronzes, Abel Garcia-Pino, Nani Van Gerven, David Papapostolou et al.

 
 

Nanobody-aided X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy are used to describe the Ca2+-dependent polymerization dynamics of the S-layer of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus cell wall.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Articles and Letters

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome ▶

 
 

The Human Microbiome Project Consortium

 
 

The Human Microbiome Project Consortium reports the first results of their analysis of microbial communities from distinct, clinically relevant body habitats in a human cohort; the insights into the microbial communities of a healthy population lay foundations for future exploration of the epidemiology, ecology and translational applications of the human microbiome.

 
 
 
 
 
 

A framework for human microbiome research ▶

 
 

The Human Microbiome Project Consortium

 
 

The Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to study a variety of microbial communities that exist throughout the human body, enabling the generation of a range of quality-controlled data as well as community resources.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography ▶

 
 

Tanya Yatsunenko, Federico E. Rey, Mark J. Manary, Indi Trehan, Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello et al.

 
 

The human gut microbiome from a large cohort of more than 500 indivduals living on three continents with three distinct cultures is analysed, emphasizing the effect of host age, diet and environment on the composition and functional repertoire of fecal microbiota.

 
 
 
 
 
 

NPR3 and NPR4 are receptors for the immune signal salicylic acid in plants ▶

 
 

Zheng Qing Fu, Shunping Yan, Abdelaty Saleh, Wei Wang, James Ruble et al.

 
 

Plant resistance to pathogen challenge is thought to be mediated through salicylic acid (SA) signalling; here NPR3 and NPR4, paralogues of the transcription cofactor NPR1, are identified as receptors of SA.

 
 
 
 
 
 

A signature of cosmic-ray increase in AD 774–775 from tree rings in Japan ▶

 
 

Fusa Miyake, Kentaro Nagaya, Kimiaki Masuda & Toshio Nakamura

 
 

A rapid increase in the 14C content of Japanese cedar tree rings occurred during AD 774 to 775, and is about 20 times larger than the change attributed to ordinary solar modulation; neither a solar flare nor a local supernova is likely to have been responsible.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Acanthodes and shark-like conditions in the last common ancestor of modern gnathostomes ▶

 
 

Samuel P. Davis, John A. Finarelli & Michael I. Coates

 
 

New analysis of an Acanthodes braincase forces a reappraisal of the phylogeny of gnathosomes, suggesting that the vertebrate head underwent reorganization not only before the emergence of jaws, but also afterwards.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Covert skill learning in a cortical-basal ganglia circuit ▶

 
 

Jonathan D. Charlesworth, Timothy L. Warren & Michael S. Brainard

 
 

In Bengalese finches, a basal ganglia circuit, the anterior forebrain pathway, can covertly acquire the ability to adaptively modify song without contributing to song production during practice or training.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Autistic-like behaviours and hyperactivity in mice lacking ProSAP1/Shank2 ▶

 
 

Michael J. Schmeisser, Elodie Ey, Stephanie Wegener, Juergen Bockmann, A. Vanessa Stempel et al.

 
 

Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission can lead to the core symptoms of autism, and ProSAP1/Shank2 and ProSAP2/Shank3 proteins seem to serve different interrelated functions at excitatory synapses, especially in glutamate receptor targeting/assembly.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Autistic-like social behaviour in Shank2-mutant mice improved by restoring NMDA receptor function ▶

 
 

Hyejung Won, Hye-Ryeon Lee, Heon Yung Gee, Won Mah, Jae-Ick Kim et al.

 
 

Mutations in SHANK2 have been associated with autism spectrum disorders in humans; here, Shank2 mutant mice are shown to exhibit autistic-like behaviours that can be improved by restoring decreased NMDA receptor function.

 
 
 
 
 
 

The deubiquitinase USP9X suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ▶

 
 

Pedro A. Pérez-Mancera, Alistair G. Rust, Louise van der Weyden, Glen Kristiansen, Allen Li et al.

 
 

An in vivo transposon screen in a pancreatic cancer model identifies frequent inactivation of Usp9x; deletion of Usp9x cooperates with KrasG12D to accelerate rapidly pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice, validating their genetic interaction.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Control of a Salmonella virulence locus by an ATP-sensing leader messenger RNA ▶

 
 

Eun-Jin Lee & Eduardo A. Groisman

 
 

The Salmonella virulence gene mgtC is regulated by the levels of ATP through an ATP-sensing leader messenger RNA.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Atomic model of the type III secretion system needle ▶

 
 

Antoine Loquet, Nikolaos G. Sgourakis, Rashmi Gupta, Karin Giller, Dietmar Riedel et al.

 
 

The structure of the needle of the type III secretion system of Salmonella typhimurium, used to inject virulence proteins into host cells during infection, has been resolved by a combination of in vitro needle production, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, electron microscopy and Rosetta modelling at atomic resolution.

 
 
 
 
 
 

News & Views

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Microbiology: Learning about who we are ▶

 
 

David A. Relman

 
 
 
 
 
 

Plant immunology: A life or death switch ▶

 
 

Andrea A. Gust & Thorsten Nürnberger

 
 
 
 
 
 

Drug discovery: Computer model predicts side effects ▶

 
 

Kyle Kolaja

 
 
 
 
 
 

Research Highlights

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Dinosaurs: Weighing extinct animals | Culture: Religion as cuckoldry defence | Zoology: Live birth without a placenta | Drug discovery: Melanoma pathway targeted | Archaeology: Cultural wellspring | Metabolism: A pathway for feeding control | Evolution: Domesticated apes

 
 
 
 

NEWS & COMMENT

 
 
 
 
 

Poverty project opens to scrutiny | Genome test slammed for assessing 'racial purity' | Grant review opens up Texas-sized rift | Neuroscience: The mind reader | Rio+20: Don't forget health in sustainability talks Bianca Brijnath, Anthony J. McMichael & Colin D. Butler | Environment: Planetary boundaries concept is valuable Victor Galaz

 
 
 
 
 

CAREERS

 
 
 
 
 

Pharmaceutical sector: Delicate transition | Turning point: Jim Hoch

 
 
 
 
 
 

More Biological Sciences ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Relay Technology Management

Real time business intelligence and data visualization for the Life Science Industry Trend monitoring and comparative asset analysis

Click here for more information or to arrange a trial.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chemical Sciences top
 
 
 
 
 
 

RESEARCH

 
 
 
 
 

Latest Online

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Drug discovery: Computer model predicts side effects ▶

 
 

Kyle Kolaja

 
 
 
 
 
 

Large-scale prediction and testing of drug activity on side-effect targets ▶

 
 

Eugen Lounkine, Michael J. Keiser, Steven Whitebread, Dmitri Mikhailov, Jacques Hamon et al.

 
 

A large-scale computational effort is used to predict the activity of 656 drugs against 73 protein targets that have been associated with adverse drug reactions; the abdominal pain side effect of the synthetic oestrogen chlorotrianisene is shown to be mediated through its inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Articles and Letters

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

NPR3 and NPR4 are receptors for the immune signal salicylic acid in plants ▶

 
 

Zheng Qing Fu, Shunping Yan, Abdelaty Saleh, Wei Wang, James Ruble et al.

 
 

Plant resistance to pathogen challenge is thought to be mediated through salicylic acid (SA) signalling; here NPR3 and NPR4, paralogues of the transcription cofactor NPR1, are identified as receptors of SA.

 
 
 
 
 
 

News & Views

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Drug discovery: Computer model predicts side effects ▶

 
 

Kyle Kolaja

 
 
 
 
 
 

Research Highlights

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Biomimetics: Synthetic silk inspired by insect

 
 
 
 

NEWS & COMMENT

 
 
 
 
 

Metallic hydrogen: Hard pressed

 
 
 
 
 

CAREERS

 
 
 
 
 

Pharmaceutical sector: Delicate transition

 
 
 
 
 
 

More Chemical Sciences ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Physical Sciences top
 
 
 
 
 
 

RESEARCH

 
 
 
 
 

Latest Online

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Planetary science: Early start for rocky planets ▶

 
 

Debra Fischer

 
 
 
 
 
 

An abundance of small exoplanets around stars with a wide range of metallicities ▶

 
 

Lars A. Buchhave, David W. Latham, Anders Johansen, Martin Bizzarro, Guillermo Torres et al.

 
 

Whereas large planets, such as gas giants, are more likely to form around high-metallicity stars, terrestrial-sized planets are found to form around stars with a wide range of metallicities, indicating that they may be widespread in the disk of the Galaxy.

 
 
 
 
 
 

SbsB structure and lattice reconstruction unveil Ca2+ triggered S-layer assembly ▶

 
 

Ekaterina Baranova, Rémi Fronzes, Abel Garcia-Pino, Nani Van Gerven, David Papapostolou et al.

 
 

Nanobody-aided X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy are used to describe the Ca2+-dependent polymerization dynamics of the S-layer of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus cell wall.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Articles and Letters

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Visualizing heavy fermions emerging in a quantum critical Kondo lattice ▶

 
 

Pegor Aynajian, Eduardo H. da Silva Neto, András Gyenis, Ryan E. Baumbach, J. D. Thompson et al.

 
 

A picture of how heavy fermions acquire their mass enhancement has now been obtained using scanning tunnelling spectroscopy.

 
 
 
 
 
 

The intense starburst HDF 850.1 in a galaxy overdensity at z ≈ 5.2 in the Hubble Deep Field ▶

 
 

Fabian Walter, Roberto Decarli, Chris Carilli, Frank Bertoldi, Pierre Cox et al.

 
 

Using a millimetre-wave molecular line scan, a redshift has finally been determined for the extremely active star-forming galaxy HDF 850.1 in the Hubble Deep Field, which makes it younger than thought at 1.1 billion years after the Big Bang.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Possible tropical lakes on Titan from observations of dark terrain ▶

 
 

Caitlin A. Griffith, Juan M. Lora, Jake Turner, Paulo F. Penteado, Robert H. Brown et al.

 
 

Low-latitude near-infrared spectral images of Titan reveal what are probably dark liquid lakes of methane.

 
 
 
 
 
 

A signature of cosmic-ray increase in AD 774–775 from tree rings in Japan ▶

 
 

Fusa Miyake, Kentaro Nagaya, Kimiaki Masuda & Toshio Nakamura

 
 

A rapid increase in the 14C content of Japanese cedar tree rings occurred during AD 774 to 775, and is about 20 times larger than the change attributed to ordinary solar modulation; neither a solar flare nor a local supernova is likely to have been responsible.

 
 
 
 
 
 

‘Big Bang’ tomography as a new route to atomic-resolution electron tomography ▶

 
 

Dirk Van Dyck & Fu-Rong Chen

 
 

A tomography technique based on the idea that Fourier components of scattered electron waves obey a relationship analogous to that expressed in cosmology by Hubble’s law can be used to image at atomic resolution from a single viewing direction.

 
 
 
 
 
 

News & Views

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Quantum physics: Majorana modes materialize ▶

 
 

Frank Wilczek

 
 
 
 
 
 

Microscopy: Reconstructing the third dimension ▶

 
 

Dilano Saldin

 
 
 
 
 
 

Astronomy: An infant giant ▶

 
 

Alberto D. Bolatto

 
 
 
 
 
 

Planetary science: Early start for rocky planets ▶

 
 

Debra Fischer

 
 
 
 
 
 

Research Highlights

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Biomimetics: Synthetic silk inspired by insect | Extrasolar planets: A new world is born

 
 
 
 

NEWS & COMMENT

 
 
 
 
 

Researchers can't regulate climate engineering alone | Stellar UK scope faces closure | Tabletop X-rays light up | Metallic hydrogen: Hard pressed | Greater observatories: A midlife crisis for X-ray astronomy | Uncertainty: Climate models at their limit?

 
 
 
 
 
 

More Physical Sciences ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earth & Environmental Sciences top
 
 
 
 
 
 

RESEARCH

 
 
 
 
 

Latest Online

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Planetary science: Early start for rocky planets ▶

 
 

Debra Fischer

 
 
 
 
 
 

An abundance of small exoplanets around stars with a wide range of metallicities ▶

 
 

Lars A. Buchhave, David W. Latham, Anders Johansen, Martin Bizzarro, Guillermo Torres et al.

 
 

Whereas large planets, such as gas giants, are more likely to form around high-metallicity stars, terrestrial-sized planets are found to form around stars with a wide range of metallicities, indicating that they may be widespread in the disk of the Galaxy.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Articles and Letters

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Possible tropical lakes on Titan from observations of dark terrain ▶

 
 

Caitlin A. Griffith, Juan M. Lora, Jake Turner, Paulo F. Penteado, Robert H. Brown et al.

 
 

Low-latitude near-infrared spectral images of Titan reveal what are probably dark liquid lakes of methane.

 
 
 
 
 
 

A signature of cosmic-ray increase in AD 774–775 from tree rings in Japan ▶

 
 

Fusa Miyake, Kentaro Nagaya, Kimiaki Masuda & Toshio Nakamura

 
 

A rapid increase in the 14C content of Japanese cedar tree rings occurred during AD 774 to 775, and is about 20 times larger than the change attributed to ordinary solar modulation; neither a solar flare nor a local supernova is likely to have been responsible.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Acanthodes and shark-like conditions in the last common ancestor of modern gnathostomes ▶

 
 

Samuel P. Davis, John A. Finarelli & Michael I. Coates

 
 

New analysis of an Acanthodes braincase forces a reappraisal of the phylogeny of gnathosomes, suggesting that the vertebrate head underwent reorganization not only before the emergence of jaws, but also afterwards.

 
 
 
 
 
 

News & Views

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

50 & 100 years ago ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 

Planetary science: Early start for rocky planets ▶

 
 

Debra Fischer

 
 
 
 
 
 

Research Highlights

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Geophysics: Ship GPS could flag tsunamis

 
 
 
 

NEWS & COMMENT

 
 
 
 
 

Reply to all | Researchers can't regulate climate engineering alone | Metallic hydrogen: Hard pressed | Uncertainty: Climate models at their limit? | Environment: Planetary boundaries concept is valuable Victor Galaz | Brazil: Combat the effects of Forest Code changes Alison G. Nazareno

 
 
 
 
 
 

More Earth & Environmental Sciences ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 

Frontiers in Plant Biology: From Discovery to Applications
October 3-5, 2012 - Ghent, Belgium
This conference will focus on the recent breakthroughs in plant biology, enabled by the latest methodological developments.
For more information and to register, visit:
http://www.nature.com/natureconferences/fpb2012/index.html

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Careers & Jobs top
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Pharmaceutical sector: Delicate transition ▶

 
 

With lay-offs rife in the drug industry, life scientists and chemists are seeking fresh career paths.

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Turning point: Jim Hoch ▶

 
 

Molecular biologist describes how he has held onto a grant for more than 30 years.

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Careers related news & comment

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Reply to all | Announcement: Calling Nordic mentors | Journal offers flat fee for 'all you can publish' | Grant review opens up Texas-sized rift | Greater observatories: A midlife crisis for X-ray astronomy | Rio+20: Don't forget health in sustainability talks Bianca Brijnath, Anthony J. McMichael & Colin D. Butler

 
 
 
 
 
 

naturejobs.com

naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week

 
 
 

Research Scientist (PI) in Bioinformatics

 
 

Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE) - CNPEM/ABTLuS  

 
 
 
 
 

Postdoctoral Position in Immunology

 
 

New York University Langone Medical Center 

 
 
 
 
 

PhD Studentships in Organic Chemistry

 
 

University of Namur, Namur Advanced Research College (NARC), Prof. Davide Bonifazi 

 
 
 
 
 

Two University Lectureships in Condensed Matter Physics

 
 

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