| Can't view this email? Click here to view in your browser. | | | | Volume 486 Number 7402 | | | nature | | The science that matters. Every week. | | | | | | |
| Jump to the content that matters to you | | | | |
| | | Special: Human Microbiota | | | | The human body is colonized by a vast number of microbes, collectively referred to as the human microbiota. The link between these microbes and our health is the focus of a growing number of research initiatives, and new insights are emerging rapidly, some of which we are proud to present in this special collection. ▼ more | | | | | | | | | Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome | A large-scale resource for investigating microbial communities throughout the human body and an analysis of these data is reported in two studies in Nature this week. The data, from the Human Microbiome Project Consortium, provide a platform for future studies of the dynamics of the human microbiome and its impacts on human health. | | | | | | | | | Possible tropical lakes on Titan from observations of dark terrain | Saturn's moon Titan has a methane cycle similar in principle to Earth's water cycle, though surface liquid is scarce on Titan, detected mainly at high latitudes. This paper reports near-infrared spectral images of an area in the tropics with an unusual dark surface, which could indicate the presence of liquid methane on the surface, supplied by an underground reservoir. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nature Outlook: Breast Cancer Each year, 1.3 million women - and some 13,000 men - are diagnosed with breast cancer. The past few decades have seen huge advances in treatment, but about one-quarter of those diagnosed will die from the disease. The difficult challenges are only just starting. Access the Outlook free online for six months. Produced with support from: Saisei Mirai | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A signature of cosmic-ray increase in AD 774–775 from tree rings in Japan | Carbon-14 concentrations in tree rings are used as an indicator of cosmic ray activity — 14C is produced by the interaction of atmospheric nitrogen with cosmic-ray neutrons. Analysis of the 14C content of annual rings in two individual Japanese cedar trees covering the period AD 774 to 775 now reveals evidence of a rapid increase of about 12% in the 14C content, about 20-times larger than the change expected due to ordinary solar modulation. This suggests that an extremely energetic event occurred around AD 775 in our space environment, though its cause remains a mystery. | | | | | | | | | | In this week's podcast: reading the minds of the brain dead, sequencing the last great ape, and fifty years since the book that sparked the green movement. | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Reply to all ▶ | | | Scientists discussing their work through written media, including e-mail, should be aware that they could at any time be asked to reveal their conversations. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Seven days: 8–14 June 2012 ▶ | | | The week in science: Funding for European Extremely Large Telescope; Budget cuts eat into Nobel prize; and ethical thumbs-up for altering embryos to prevent mitochondrial diseases. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Metallic hydrogen: Hard pressed ▶ | | | Two physicists say they have forced hydrogen to become an exotic metal thought to exist only in the hearts of giant planets. Now they must face their critics. | | | | | | | | Neuroscience: The mind reader ▶ | | | Adrian Owen has found a way to use brain scans to communicate with people previously written off as unreachable. Now, he is fighting to take his methods to the clinic. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sanitation for all ▶ | | | Water pollution from sewage is causing great damage to India. The nation needs to complete its waste systems and reinvent toilet technologies, says Sunita Narain. | | | | | | | | | | | Ecodesign: The bottom line ▶ | | | If architecture is 'design for living', one of its greatest challenges is how to live with the masses of waste we excrete. Four pioneers in green sanitation design outline solutions to a dilemma too often shunted down the pan. | | | | | | | | Q&A: Architect of change ▶ | | | Urban campaigner and architect Arif Hasan has been central to a sanitary revolution, transforming Orangi, Karachi, from informal settlement to thriving community. Using his technical know-how, residents built a sewage system, sparking vast social change. Now chair of Pakistan's urbanization task force, he discusses incorporating sustainable design into poor cities. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | The new post-master's graduate certificate in Sequence Analysis and Genomics* at Johns Hopkins University provides scientists with the training and skills in bioinformatics tools that are required in order to bridge the gap between molecular biology & computer technology. Find out more today at http://advanced.jhu.edu/academic/biotechnology *pending MHEC endorsement | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Embryonic stem cell potency fluctuates with endogenous retrovirus activity ▶ | | | Todd S. Macfarlan, Wesley D. Gifford, Shawn Driscoll, Karen Lettieri, Helen M. Rowe et al. | | | A rare cell subpopulation within mouse embryonic stem cell cultures is identified that exhibits properties of two-cell (2C) embryos; the interconversion of ES cells to 2C cells correlates with endogenous retroviral activity. | | | | | | | | The bonobo genome compared with the chimpanzee and human genomes ▶ | | | Kay Prüfer, Kasper Munch, Ines Hellmann, Keiko Akagi, Jason R. Miller et al. | | | Sequencing of the bonobo genome shows that more than three per cent of the human genome is more closely related to either the bonobo genome or the chimpanzee genome than those genomes are to each other. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The molecular evolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectal cancers ▶ | | | Luis A. Diaz Jr, Richard T. Williams, Jian Wu, Isaac Kinde, J. Randolph Hecht et al. | | | This work on colorectal cancer shows that secondary mutations in KRAS that confer resistance to panitumumab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, are already present when antibody treatment begins; the apparent inevitability of resistance suggests that combinations of drugs targeting at least two different oncogenic pathway will be needed for treatment. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Whole-genome analysis informs breast cancer response to aromatase inhibition ▶ | | | Matthew J. Ellis, Li Ding, Dong Shen, Jingqin Luo, Vera J. Suman et al. | | | Whole-genome analysis of oestrogen-receptor-positive tumours in patients treated with aromatase inhibitors show that distinct phenotypes are associated with specific patterns of somatic mutations; however, most recurrent mutations are relatively infrequent so prospective clinical trials will require comprehensive sequencing and large study populations. | | | | | | | | Large-scale prediction and testing of drug activity on side-effect targets ▶ | | | Eugen Lounkine, Michael J. Keiser, Steven Whitebread, Dmitri Mikhailov, Jacques Hamon et al. | | | A large-scale computational effort is used to predict the activity of 656 drugs against 73 protein targets that have been associated with adverse drug reactions; the abdominal pain side effect of the synthetic oestrogen chlorotrianisene is shown to be mediated through its inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome ▶ | | | The Human Microbiome Project Consortium | | | The Human Microbiome Project Consortium reports the first results of their analysis of microbial communities from distinct, clinically relevant body habitats in a human cohort; the insights into the microbial communities of a healthy population lay foundations for future exploration of the epidemiology, ecology and translational applications of the human microbiome. | | | | | | | | A framework for human microbiome research ▶ | | | The Human Microbiome Project Consortium | | | The Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to study a variety of microbial communities that exist throughout the human body, enabling the generation of a range of quality-controlled data as well as community resources. | | | | | | | | Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography ▶ | | | Tanya Yatsunenko, Federico E. Rey, Mark J. Manary, Indi Trehan, Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello et al. | | | The human gut microbiome from a large cohort of more than 500 indivduals living on three continents with three distinct cultures is analysed, emphasizing the effect of host age, diet and environment on the composition and functional repertoire of fecal microbiota. | | | | | | | | | | | A signature of cosmic-ray increase in AD 774–775 from tree rings in Japan ▶ | | | Fusa Miyake, Kentaro Nagaya, Kimiaki Masuda & Toshio Nakamura | | | A rapid increase in the 14C content of Japanese cedar tree rings occurred during AD 774 to 775, and is about 20 times larger than the change attributed to ordinary solar modulation; neither a solar flare nor a local supernova is likely to have been responsible. | | | | | | | | | | | Covert skill learning in a cortical-basal ganglia circuit ▶ | | | Jonathan D. Charlesworth, Timothy L. Warren & Michael S. Brainard | | | In Bengalese finches, a basal ganglia circuit, the anterior forebrain pathway, can covertly acquire the ability to adaptively modify song without contributing to song production during practice or training. | | | | | | | | Autistic-like behaviours and hyperactivity in mice lacking ProSAP1/Shank2 ▶ | | | Michael J. Schmeisser, Elodie Ey, Stephanie Wegener, Juergen Bockmann, A. Vanessa Stempel et al. | | | Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission can lead to the core symptoms of autism, and ProSAP1/Shank2 and ProSAP2/Shank3 proteins seem to serve different interrelated functions at excitatory synapses, especially in glutamate receptor targeting/assembly. | | | | | | | | | | | The deubiquitinase USP9X suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ▶ | | | Pedro A. Pérez-Mancera, Alistair G. Rust, Louise van der Weyden, Glen Kristiansen, Allen Li et al. | | | An in vivo transposon screen in a pancreatic cancer model identifies frequent inactivation of Usp9x; deletion of Usp9x cooperates with KrasG12D to accelerate rapidly pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice, validating their genetic interaction. | | | | | | | | | | | Atomic model of the type III secretion system needle ▶ | | | Antoine Loquet, Nikolaos G. Sgourakis, Rashmi Gupta, Karin Giller, Dietmar Riedel et al. | | | The structure of the needle of the type III secretion system of Salmonella typhimurium, used to inject virulence proteins into host cells during infection, has been resolved by a combination of in vitro needle production, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, electron microscopy and Rosetta modelling at atomic resolution. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Relay Technology Management Real time business intelligence and data visualization for the Life Science Industry Trend monitoring and comparative asset analysis Click here for more information or to arrange a trial. | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Large-scale prediction and testing of drug activity on side-effect targets ▶ | | | Eugen Lounkine, Michael J. Keiser, Steven Whitebread, Dmitri Mikhailov, Jacques Hamon et al. | | | A large-scale computational effort is used to predict the activity of 656 drugs against 73 protein targets that have been associated with adverse drug reactions; the abdominal pain side effect of the synthetic oestrogen chlorotrianisene is shown to be mediated through its inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | An abundance of small exoplanets around stars with a wide range of metallicities ▶ | | | Lars A. Buchhave, David W. Latham, Anders Johansen, Martin Bizzarro, Guillermo Torres et al. | | | Whereas large planets, such as gas giants, are more likely to form around high-metallicity stars, terrestrial-sized planets are found to form around stars with a wide range of metallicities, indicating that they may be widespread in the disk of the Galaxy. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A signature of cosmic-ray increase in AD 774–775 from tree rings in Japan ▶ | | | Fusa Miyake, Kentaro Nagaya, Kimiaki Masuda & Toshio Nakamura | | | A rapid increase in the 14C content of Japanese cedar tree rings occurred during AD 774 to 775, and is about 20 times larger than the change attributed to ordinary solar modulation; neither a solar flare nor a local supernova is likely to have been responsible. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | An abundance of small exoplanets around stars with a wide range of metallicities ▶ | | | Lars A. Buchhave, David W. Latham, Anders Johansen, Martin Bizzarro, Guillermo Torres et al. | | | Whereas large planets, such as gas giants, are more likely to form around high-metallicity stars, terrestrial-sized planets are found to form around stars with a wide range of metallicities, indicating that they may be widespread in the disk of the Galaxy. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A signature of cosmic-ray increase in AD 774–775 from tree rings in Japan ▶ | | | Fusa Miyake, Kentaro Nagaya, Kimiaki Masuda & Toshio Nakamura | | | A rapid increase in the 14C content of Japanese cedar tree rings occurred during AD 774 to 775, and is about 20 times larger than the change attributed to ordinary solar modulation; neither a solar flare nor a local supernova is likely to have been responsible. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Careers related news & comment | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. Keep up-to-date with the latest sector trends, vote in our reader poll and sign-up to receive the monthly Naturejobs newsletter. | | | | | | | • Nature events featured events | | | | | | natureevents featured events | | | | | | | Nature events is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide. | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Your email address is in the Nature mailing list. You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/nams/svc/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant). For further technical assistance, please contact subscriptions@nature.com For other enquiries, please contact feedback@nature.com | Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th floor | New York | NY 10013-1917 | USA
Nature Publishing Group's offices: Principal offices: London - New York - Tokyo Worldwide offices: Basingstoke - Boston - Buenos Aires - Delhi - Hong Kong - Madrid - Melbourne - Munich - Paris - San Francisco - Seoul - Washington DC
Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. © 2012 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. | | | |
1 comment:
For over 24 years, Exopest has maintained its commitment in providing the very best advice and service in pest control solutions.
Pest Control Melbourne
Post a Comment