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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for July 23, 2019:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
Astronomy & Space news
 | Warped diffusive radio halo detected around the galaxy NGC 4565Using the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR), astronomers have discovered a diffuse radio halo around the spiral galaxy NGC 4565. The finding, reported in a paper published July 16 on the arXiv pre-print server, could shed more light on the nature of NGC 4565, disclosing important insights about star-forming activity and the distribution of cosmic-ray electrons in this galaxy. |
 | Study suggests much more water on the moon than thoughtA trio of researchers at the University of California has found evidence that suggests there is far more ice on the surface of the moon than has been thought. In their paper published in the journal Nature Geoscience, Lior Rubanenko, Jaahnavee Venkatraman and David Paige describe their study of similarities between ice on Mercury and shadowed regions on the moon and what they found. |
 | ExoMars radio science instrument readied for Red PlanetAn ambitious instrument for ESA's ExoMars 2020 mission has passed its testing in conditions resembling those on the Red Planet. It will now be transported to Russia for its acceptance review, followed by integration onto the Kazachok Surface Platform, scheduled for launch this time next year. |
 | Modeling exoplanet atmospheresAll atoms and molecules emit distinctive spectral lines across the spectrum, the details of which depend on the internal structures of the species (for example, the vibration and rotation properties of molecules) and how they are excited by their environments. Measurements of the features' brightnesses, relative intensities, and shapes enable astronomers, at least in principle, to reconstruct most of the essential properties of these environments, including species abundances, temperatures, densities, and motions. But in order to be successful, scientists need to know quantitatively exactly how the temperature, density, and so forth, affect the excitation of each atom or molecule, and then how each species emits light in response. A collision between oxygen and nitrogen molecules, for example, will affect an oxygen molecule differently than its collision with hydrogen. |
 | Inside dark, polar moon craters, water not as invincible as expected, scientists argueThe Moon's south pole region is home to some of the most extreme environments in the solar system: it's unimaginably cold, massively cratered, and has areas that are either constantly bathed in sunlight or in darkness. This is precisely why NASA wants to send astronauts there in 2024 as part of its Artemis program. |
 | Space-enabled app for pilots takes to the skiesAn app that integrates navigational data and weather conditions to improve flight safety for pilots has been launched. Its inventors hope to have a full commercial version on sale by the end of the year. |
 | Chandra X-ray observatory celebrates its 20th anniversaryOn July 23, 1999, the Space Shuttle Columbia blasted off from the Kennedy Space Center carrying the Chandra X-ray Observatory. In the two decades that have passed, Chandra's powerful and unique X-ray eyes have contributed to a revolution in our understanding of the cosmos. |
Official: Research satellite appears to unfurl solar sailsMission officials say a tiny spacecraft orbiting Earth appears to have successfully unfurled its solar sails to test the potential of using sunlight for propulsion. | |
Technology news
 | Topology optimization and 3-D printing multimaterial magnetic actuators and displaysIn materials science and applied physics, researchers expect actuation systems to perform similarly to natural phenomena. As a classic example, scientists proposed to engineer bioinspired materials that mimicked the camouflage of cuttlefish, although engineering such highly integrated systems can be challenging due to the combined complexity of generating high-dimensional architectural designs and multifunctional materials associated with their fabrication process. In a recent report on Science Advances, Subramanian Sundaram and colleagues in the departments of computer science, artificial intelligence and electrical engineering in the U.S. and France presented a complete protocol on multi-objective topology optimization and multimaterial drop-on-demand three-dimensional (3-D) printing to engineer complex actuators. |
 | Mugshots evoke mood of gallery, grapes and gobletsCall them crazy but there is a cross section of human life who don't want to be turning up in social chat groups looking like cuties with red bunny noses or bunny ears. Like. Ever. |
 | Researchers develop MEMS accelerometer with higher sensitivity and improved noise reductionA significant increase in the demand of accelerometers is expected as the market for consumer electronics, such as smartphones, and social infrastructure monitoring applications are expanding. Such miniaturized and mass-producible accelerometers are commonly developed by silicon MEMS technology where the fabrication process is well established. |
 | Machine learning better predicts bleeding risk during coronary proceduresMachine learning techniques can better predict bleeding risk for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) than traditional methods, report Yale researchers. |
 | Anonymizing personal data 'not enough to protect privacy,' shows new studyWith the first large fines for breaching EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) regulations upon us, and the UK government about to review GDPR guidelines, researchers have shown how even anonymised datasets can be traced back to individuals using machine learning. |
 | In the shoes of a robot: The future approachesIdentifying with someone is an exercise that helps us understand them deeply, empathize with them, and helps us overcome mistrust and prejudice. And this occurs even when that someone is a robot. These interpersonal dynamics were confirmed by an experimental study that was published in Scientific Reports. The study is the result of scientific collaboration between Italian and French scientists. |
 | Facebook can help college students with lower confidence build relationshipsFacebook can help first-semester college students maintain relationships with high school friends and assist them in creating new friendships, according to new research from Binghamton University, State University of New York. When it comes to making new friends, those with higher confidence in their social skills have less to gain from relying on Facebook, while people with lower confidence in their social skills have more to gain from a reliance on the social media platform. |
 | Fraudsters exploit interest in Libra digital currencyFraudsters are out to cash in on interest in Facebook-backed digital currency Libra, hawking bogus buying opportunities at online venues including the social network itself. |
 | Humans, robot teams work better when there's an emotional connectionSoldiers develop attachments to the robots that help them diffuse bombs in the field. Despite numerous warnings about privacy, millions of us trust smart speakers like Alexa to listen into our daily lives. Some of us name our cars and even shed tears when we trade them in for shiny new vehicles. |
 | China's BAIC takes 5% stake in Daimler: German carmakerChina's state-owned BAIC has taken a 5 percent stake in Daimler, whose top shareholder for the past year has been rival Chinese carmaker Geely, the luxury German automaker said Tuesday. |
 | Modernizing New York's energy systemAny reasonably objective observer of the energy business can see the desperate need for change in our energy system. In the past week or so, we've seen political instability threaten supplies of oil from the Mideast as Iran seized a British oil tanker. Here in New York City we saw a blackout last weekend on the west side of Manhattan and planned outages due to the heatwave in Brooklyn and Queens last night. And in a piece of good news, we can celebrate New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced agreement to build a major wind energy facility off of Long Island. According to the Wall Street Journal's Jimmy Vielkind and Russell Gold: |
 | How cities could use social media to help create mood-boosting public spacesIntrigued by the idea of harnessing the power of Twitter to find out how Edmonton's green spaces, playgrounds or open wi-fi affect mental health, a group of University of Alberta graduate students and alumni developed a web application that could potentially inform government policies on designing mood-boosting urban spaces. |
 | Five ways to protect yourself from cybercrimeHigh-profile data breaches at companies like British Airways and Marriott get a lot of media coverage, but cybercriminals are increasingly going after community groups, schools, small businesses and municipal governments. |
 | CERN facility heat will warm households in neighboring Ferney-VoltaireCan fundamental physics keep you warm in winter? Using neurons, maybe? Think bigger! Like some industrial sites, scientific facilities can be used to heat living spaces. CERN is taking the first steps in this direction. |
 | US attorney general says encryption creates security riskAttorney General William Barr said Tuesday that increased encryption of data on phones and computers and encrypted messaging apps are putting American security at risk. |
 | Alibaba lets US small, medium businesses to sell on platformChina's e-commerce juggernaut Alibaba will allow small and medium-sized U.S. businesses to sell on Alibaba.com. |
 | Novel powdered milk method yields better frothing agentA novel method of processing—using high-pressure jets to spray milk and then quickly drying the spray—yields skim milk powders with enhanced properties and functionality, according to Penn State researchers, who say the discovery may lead to "cleaner" labels on foods. |
 | Stretch-sensing glove captures interactive hand poses accuratelyCapturing interactive hand poses in real time and with realistic results is a well-examined problem in computing, particularly human-centered computing and motion capture technology. Human hands are complex—an intricate system of flexors, extensors, and sensory capabilities serving as our primary means to manipulate physical objects and communicate with one another. The accurate motion capture of hands is relevant and important for many applications, such as gaming, augmented and virtual reality domains, robotics, and the biomedical industries. |
 | Don't bring the heat: New visualization technique offers alternative to heat maps to track spatial data setsHeat maps or points on a map can be simple and typically effective ways to visualize spatial data sets. But when that data involves many different types of objects—such as planning resources for a city or tracking possible enemy locations for military strategy—these conventional visualization methods can make it nearly impossible to categorize and compare data. |
 | French parliament adopts EU copyright reformThe French parliament on Tuesday adopted a copyright reform to ensure media are paid for original content, typically news, offered online by tech giants such as Google and Facebook. |
Trump meets with chipmakers on Huawei, other economic issuesPresident Donald Trump met with executives from several of the nation's leading chip and computer part makers Monday and discussed restrictions his administration has imposed on the sale of components to Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei, the White House said. | |
 | ECB set to start countdown on new eurozone stimulusThe European Central Bank is likely to point Thursday to an interest rate cut in September, analysts say, although recent hints towards bucking up sluggish growth and inflation could even mean a move this week. |
 | Apple in talks to buy Intel smartphone chip unit: reportApple is in talks to buy Intel's smartphone modem chip unit, a move that would help the iPhone maker control a key component, the Wall Street Journal reported on Monday. |
 | Huawei unit cuts more than 600 jobs following US sanctionsChinese telecom giant Huawei said on Tuesday that more than 600 jobs would be lost at a US unit as a result of "curtailment of business operations" caused by Washington's sanctions on the firm and 68 of its subsidiaries. |
 | All-girls school becomes 1st in US with varsity esportsAs a liaison at the U.S. Department of Education, J Collins watched as colleges by the dozen rolled out varsity esports programs, complete with scholarships, coaches and even some arenas. Collins had a gnawing concern: Gaming was beginning to have an impact on education, and at least anecdotally, the benefits were going largely toward male students. |
 | Renewable and nonrenewable energy in Myanmar's economic growthThe Republic of the Union of Myanmar is located in the western part of the Indochinese Peninsula and has a number of peculiar economic features. Green energy accounts for a considerable share of the country's energy balance. However, Myanmar is the second biggest source of greenhouse emissions among ASEAN states. The state revoked fossil fuel subsidies in 2007 to prevent its wide use, and three years later a military government was overthrown by a democratic one which attracted investments to the country. Trade liberalization and increased economic growth accelerated the production of renewable energy. Recently the growth of GDP in Myanmar has been amounting to 6.9% p.a. |
 | Coca-Cola shares bubble up on higher profitsCoca-Cola's move to sell soda in smaller packages helped soften the blow from consumers who increasingly reject sugary drinks, shoring up profits in the second quarter and adding some fizz to its share price on Tuesday. |
 | Swiss privacy watchdog seeks details on Facebook currencySwiss authorities said Tuesday that they have written to the Libra Association, which is behind Facebook's planned cryptocurrency, seeking details on data protection risks involved in the project. |
 | Facebook to fix kids app flaw allowing chats with strangersFacebook acknowledged Tuesday that a flaw in its Messenger Kids service allowed children get into group chats with people who were not approved by their parents. |
Medicine & Health news
 | Mapping the structure of the influenza A virus genomeA team of researchers from the U.K., Australia and the U.S. has mapped the structure of the influenza A virus genome. In their paper published in the journal Nature Microbiology, the group describes their genetic analysis of the virus and what they learned. |
 | Researchers unveil experimental compound to block therapeutic target in blood cancerResearchers at the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center have discovered a hyperactive cell signal that contributes to tumor growth in an aggressive blood cancer. They also developed an experimental therapeutic to block the signal and slow tumor growth. |
 | Adolescents who skip breakfast may develop obesityA paper published in Scientific Reports describes how researchers affiliated with the University of São Paulo's Medical School (FM-USP) in Brazil and colleagues at institutions in Europe evaluated behaviors leading to weight gain in adolescents. Childhood obesity can favor the premature emergence of health issues such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. |
 | Hands-on dads more prone to jealousy in the face of infidelityA new international study has found fathers who invest time and money in their children are likely to be more jealous when their partner cheats on them compared with dads who are less involved. |
 | Microfluidics device helps diagnose sepsis in minutesA novel sensor designed by MIT researchers could dramatically accelerate the process of diagnosing sepsis, a leading cause of death in U.S. hospitals that kills nearly 250,000 patients annually. |
 | Fingerprint of multiple sclerosis immune cells identifiedResearchers at the University of Zurich have identified a cell population that likely plays a key role in multiple sclerosis (MS). T helper cells in the blood of MS patients infiltrate the central nervous system, where they can cause inflammation and damage nerve cells. This discovery opens up new avenues for monitoring and treating MS patients. |
 | To assess a cell's health, follow the glucoseA new spectroscopic technique reveals that glucose use in live cells provides valuable information about the functional status of cells, tissues, and organs. Shifts in a cell's use of glucose can signal changes in health and progress of disease. |
 | Breast cancer research could expand lung cancer therapiesNew research into a genetic mutation's role in breast cancer could open new treatment options for lung cancer, according to a Michigan State University scientist. |
 | New research casts doubts on safety of world's most popular artificial sweetenerThe world's most widely used artificial sweetener has not been adequately proven to be safe for human consumption, argues a newly published paper from University of Sussex researchers. |
 | Weakly regulated painkillers are causing untold damage in West AfricaAyao* is a tall and well-built 15-year-old, and like many his age, he is very particular about his appearance. He wears a white T-shirt with a colourful design on the front, white trousers and Kappa slip-on sandals. He likes to put a lot of effort into grooming his stylishly cut hair. When I meet him at his family's simple one-storey brick house in Lomé, Togo's capital, he stands in his room looking into a tiny mirror, wincing as the comb gets stuck. |
 | Hidden dynamics detected in neuronal networksNeuronal networks in the brain can process information particularly well when they are close to a critical point—or so brain researchers had assumed based on theoretical considerations. However, experimental investigations of brain activity revealed much fewer indicators of such critical states than expected. Scientists from Forschungszentrum Jülich and RWTH Aachen University have now proposed a possible explanation. They showed that neuronal networks can assume a second, previously unknown critical mode whose hidden dynamics are almost impossible to measure with conventional methods. |
 | How do brains remember decisions?Mammal brains—including those of humans—store and recall impressive amounts of information based on our good and bad decisions and interactions in an ever-changing world. Now, in a series of new experiments with mice, scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine report they have added to evidence that such "decision-based" memories are stored in very particular parts of the brain. |
 | Cancer lab on chip to enable widespread screening, personalized treatmentA new generation of pathology labs mounted on chips is set to revolutionize the detection and treatment of cancer by using devices as thin as a human hair to analyze bodily fluids. |
 | Medicare for All unlikely to cause surge in hospital useAs political leaders debate the merits of a future Medicare for All system in the U.S., some analysts predict that implementing universal coverage could cause a sharp, unaffordable increase in hospital use and costs, overwhelming the system. But new research by a team at Harvard Medical School and The City University of New York at Hunter College, published today in the Annals of Internal Medicine, contradicts that assumption, finding that past insurance expansions did not result in a net increase in hospital use. Instead, researchers found a redistribution of care, with increases in hospital care among those newly insured that was offset by small decreases among healthier and wealthier Americans. |
 | People are more likely to try drugs for the first time during the summerAmerican teenagers and adults are more likely to try illegal or recreational drugs for the first time in the summer, a new study shows. |
Gene test picks out prostate cancers that could respond to 'search-and-destroy' medicineTesting for genetic weaknesses in repairing DNA could pick out men who may benefit from a new type of targeted nuclear medicine, a new study reports. | |
Connection to HIV care helps hardly reached US populations suppress the virusGay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men and transgender women with HIV, who are not in care, can be engaged in care when reached and connected with HIV treatment services, according to findings from a clinical trial supported by the National Institutes of Health. Nearly half of the study participants achieved and maintained viral suppression by one year, researchers reported today at the 10th IAS Conference on HIV Science (IAS 2019) in Mexico City. | |
 | Obstructive sleep apnea may be one reason depression treatment doesn't workWhen someone is depressed and having suicidal thoughts or their depression treatment just isn't working, their caregivers might want to check to see if they have obstructive sleep apnea, investigators say. |
Critical heart drug too pricey for some Medicare patientsAn effective drug to treat chronic heart failure may cost too much for senior citizens with a standard Medicare Part D drug plan, said a study co-authored by a John A. Burns School of Medicine (JABSOM) researcher at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. | |
Research shows high prices of healthy foods contribute to malnutrition worldwidePoor diets are the now the leading risk factor for the global burden of disease, accounting for one-fifth of all deaths worldwide. While the causes of poor diets are complex, new research finds the affordability of more nutritious foods is an important factor. | |
Multidrug-resistant malaria spreading in AsiaMultidrug-resistant forms of Plasmodium falciparum parasites, the most lethal species causing human malaria, have evolved even higher levels of resistance to antimalarial drugs and spread rapidly since 2015, becoming firmly established in multiple regions of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam, where they are causing alarmingly high treatment failure rates to a widely used frontline malaria drug combination. | |
Rejected and unfilled prescriptions for new, more expensive cholesterol drugs tied to higher heart, stroke riskPatients appear to be at higher risk of heart problems or stroke when prescriptions for the newest cholesterol-lowering drugs are rejected by insurance companies or unfilled by patients, according to new research in Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, an American Heart Association journal. | |
Novel rheumatoid arthritis drug succeeds in clinical trial led by Stanford investigatorRheumatoid arthritis patients getting little or no relief from conventional small-molecule drugs and injectable biologic drugs saw substantial improvement in their condition from daily use of an experimental compound in a large 24-week study led by a Stanford University School of Medicine investigator. | |
 | Imaging shows brain matter alterations in US government personnel who served in CubaBrain imaging of 40 U.S. government personnel who experienced a host of neurological symptoms after possible exposure of an unknown source while serving in Cuba revealed significant differences in brain tissue and connectivity when compared to healthy individuals, according to a new report from researchers at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine. The findings are published today in JAMA. |
Air pollution in US associated with over 30,000 deaths and reduced life expectancyAir quality in the US may be linked with increased mortality and reduced life expectancy according to research from Imperial College London and the Center for Air, Climate and Energy Solutions at Carnegie Mellon University. | |
 | Researchers study effect of Mediterranean diet on pregnancy outcomesA Mediterranean-style diet in pregnancy does not reduce the risk of overall adverse maternal and offspring complications, but may reduce weight gain during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes, according to a new study published this week in PLOS Medicine by Shakila Thangaratinam of Queen Mary University of London, UK, and colleagues. |
 | Rise of Candida auris blamed on global warmingGlobal warming may have played a pivotal role in the emergence of Candida auris, according to a new study published in mBio, an open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology. C. auris, which is often multi-drug resistant and is a serious public health threat, may be the first example of a new fungal disease emerging from climate change. |
 | How stimulant treatment prevents serious outcomes of ADHDAn analysis of three previous studies of children and young adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) quantifies for the first time the extent to which stimulant treatment reduces the development of mood disorders, school problems, conduct disorders, substance use disorders and other problems. The study led by Massachusetts General Hospital investigators is being published online in the Journal of Adolescent Health. |
 | Scientists map our underappreciated 'little brain'Scientists at UC Berkeley and Western University in Canada have used brain imaging to map the cerebellum, a formerly underappreciated neural region that contains the vast majority of the brain's neurons, hence its Latin moniker "little brain." |
 | Statistical analyses reveal the shape of epileptic seizuresPyramidal graphs resulting from statistical analyses of EEG recordings can improve our understanding of epileptic seizures. |
 | Antibiotics before liver transplants lead to better resultsA UCLA-led research team has found that giving mice antibiotics for 10 days prior to a liver transplant leads to better liver function after the surgery. |
 | Sweating a clue into who develops PTSD—and who doesn'tWithin four hours of a traumatic experience, certain physiological markers—namely, sweating—are higher in people who go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), according to new research from Case Western Reserve University. |
 | Medicaid enrollment reduces disease-related deathsA University of Michigan study on the connection between expanded Medicaid coverage and mortality rates finds that a sizable number of people are alive today because of the coverage. |
 | Vision scientist says evolution has trained humans to construct reality, rather than to see the world as it truly isPerception is not objective reality. Case in point: The above image is stationary and flat …just try telling your brain that. In his new book, The Case Against Reality, UCI cognitive scientist Donald Hoffman applies this concept to the whole of human consciousness—how we see, think, feel and interact with the world around us. And he thinks we've been looking at it all wrong. |
 | Depression associated with risky sexual behavior among truck drivers in KenyaTruck drivers in sub-Saharan Africa are particularly at risk for both mental health disorders, including depression, and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, due to the stressful, transient lifestyle associated with their occupation. |
 | Were infected ticks tested as a biological weapon on the US public?The House of Representatives has instructed the Pentagon to disclose whether it used ticks to infect the American public with Lyme disease between 1950 and 1975. The allegation comes from Chris Smith, the Republican representative for New Jersey. A long-standing campaigner on Lyme disease, Smith says the claims are from a new book about the illness and the man who discovered it—a bioweapons scientist called Willy Burgdofer. |
 | Researchers find widespread aspirin use despite few benefits, high risksMedical consensus once supported daily use of low dose aspirin to prevent heart attack and stroke in people at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). But in 2018, three major clinical trials cast doubt on that conventional wisdom, finding few benefits and consistent bleeding risks associated with daily aspirin use. Taken together, the findings led the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology to change clinical practice guidelines earlier this year, recommending against the routine use of aspirin in people older than 70 years or people with increased bleeding risk who do not have existing cardiovascular disease. |
 | Individual and community mental health: Uncertainty does even more harm than displacementNews of evacuations from cracked apartment buildings in Sydney and the need to replace combustible cladding across Australia illustrate how uncertainty compounds problems for those affected. Who is responsible for the remedy? Residents have had to leave their homes indefinitely, not knowing when their buildings can be repaired and made safe. Others remain in at-risk buildings with the constant worry about what might happen if fire breaks out. |
 | Children drink sweet drinks when they lack clean drinking waterChildren deserve to get clean and safe drinking water. But, in developing countries such as Indonesia, not all children have access to it. |
 | The impact of genetics on motor neurone diseaseTrinity College Dublin researchers have found that one in 347 men and one in 436 women can be expected to develop motor neurone disease during their lifetime. Motor neurone disease (MND) is a devastating condition which causes progressive paralysis, increasing physical disability and ultimately death within an average of two to three years. There are over 350 people in Ireland with MND, and one person is diagnosed every three days with the condition. |
 | Five animals that could help us beat human diseasesAs humans, we may feel rather lucky about our evolutionary lot. We live longer than many other animals, and lifespans continue to increase thanks to better diets, advances in medicine and improved public health. But our quest to beat aging and the diseases that come with aging continues. |
 | Children with OCD: Hoarding symptoms do not negatively impact therapy responseHoarding can often be a debilitating problem for adults and is often associated with poorer mental health functioning and response to treatment. For children however, that may not be the case. A new study in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JAACAP), published by Elsevier, reveals that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be successful for youth with hoarding symptoms. |
 | Study examines disparities in prostate cancer survival in Appalachian KentuckyA new study by University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center researchers shows a higher mortality rate for prostate cancer among men from Appalachian Kentucky compared to men from non-Appalachian Kentucky. |
Suicidal thoughts can be reduced among Indigenous people; this new study finds the factorsThe higher prevalence of suicide among Indigenous peoples in Canada has been extensively documented, but little research has focused on factors associated with recovery among those who have had suicidal thoughts. A new nationally representative Canadian study from the University of Toronto and Algoma University found that three-quarters of formerly suicidal Indigenous adults who are living off-reserve had been free from suicidal thoughts in the past year. | |
 | How to tell if your upset stomach is a viral infectionAn upset stomach can be a result of many things. When symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea and fever, chances are it's a viral infection. |
 | Has your doctor asked you about climate change?When Michael Howard arrived for a checkup with his lung specialist, he was worried about how his body would cope with the heat and humidity of a Boston summer. |
 | These mannequins aren't for fashion. They're for medical trainingLying on the table, surrounded by two nurses, a woman shrieks in pain, "There's something horribly wrong!" |
 | Nonprescription antibiotic use seems prevalent in the United StatesNonprescription antibiotic use appears to be prevalent in the United States, according to a review published online July 23 in the Annals of Internal Medicine. |
 | Smoking has long-term impact on peripheral artery disease riskBoth duration and intensity of smoking have a long-term impact on the risk for three major atherosclerotic diseases: peripheral artery disease (PAD), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke, according to a study published in the July 30 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. |
 | Keeping livestock in the yard just might help your baby's immune systemGetting up close—and a little dirty—with farm animals just might help us fend off illness, say researchers who've further demonstrated the benefits of early exposure to a wide variety of environmental bacteria. |
 | Senators unveil compromise to reduce drug costs for seniorsTwo senior senators—a Republican and a Democrat—unveiled compromise legislation Tuesday to reduce prescription drug costs for millions of Medicare recipients, while saving money for federal and state health care programs serving seniors and low-income people. |
 | The research effort on acute flaccid myelitisJohns Hopkins Medicine and University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) researchers will lead a multicenter, multinational study of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), the "poliolike" condition affecting children that causes loss of muscle control. The National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases awarded an approximate $10 million contract to UAB that will fund at least 38 research sites across the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Peru. |
 | Associate professor's mission: Prepare nurses to care for older adultsKathryn Daniel believes nurses, who make up the largest segment of medical workers in the United States, are the backbone of the nation's health care system. |
 | New implant, vaccine trial offer fresh HIV hopeA matchstick-sized implant could revolutionise HIV prevention regimes after early trials suggested the device could stop at-risk people contracting the virus for up to a year at a time, new research showed Tuesday. |
 | Daily e-cigarette use may help smokers quit regular cigarettesA new study from the Massachusetts General Hospital's (MGH) Tobacco Research and Treatment Center provides critical population-level evidence demonstrating that using e-cigarettes daily helps U.S. smokers to quit smoking combustible (i.e. regular) cigarettes. |
Women missing out on the best heart careThe large-scale analysis carried out by La Trobe University researchers and published in Heart found that many Australians living with CHD are under-prescribed recommended medications, are not monitored for major risk factors and have treatments that do not achieve recommended goals. In particular, women and those aged less than 45 years were more likely to be under-treated compared with similarly affected men and older people. | |
More heart attacks and strokes when cholesterol-lowering prescription rejected or unfilledIndividuals at high risk for cardiovascular events, including those with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) or atherosclerotic heart disease (ASCVD) experienced more heart attacks, strokes and other cardiovascular events when they were unable to obtain their prescribed LDL-cholesterol lowering medication. | |
'Kneeding' a break: First evidence ACL injuries an overuse failureRepetitive knee stress and failure to accommodate sufficient rest between periods of strenuous exercise may be key factors behind the rapid rise in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in world sport, a new international study has found. | |
 | Researchers develop novel vaccine that induces antibodies that contribute to protectionResearchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have developed a novel vaccine consisting of DNA and recombinant proteins?proteins composed of a portion of an HIV protein and another unrelated protein. This vaccine was tested in monkeys and was shown to induce antibodies similar to those associated with protection from HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. |
Study shows new moms may be vulnerable to 'sharenting'Whether they need to commiserate about the trials of parenthood, get advice, or simply brag about their youngsters' achievements, today's parents often turn to an ever-ready forum: social media. | |
 | Researchers get a handle on how to control blood sugar after strokeHyperglycemia, or high levels of glucose, is common in patients with acute ischemic stroke and is associated with worse outcomes compared to normal blood sugar levels. Animal studies also pointed to an effect of high blood sugar in worsening stroke injury. Stroke experts have debated whether intensive glucose management after acute ischemic stroke leads to better outcomes but a new study in JAMA finds that aggressive methods are not better than standard approaches. The study was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), part of the National Institutes of Health. |
 | Scientists identify new genetic interactions that may impact cancer outcomesLiving cells contain tens of thousands of genes that serve as instruction guides for making the proteins cells need to survive. These genes function in highly cooperative and interdependent ways, and scientists have long known that a change in the expression of one gene can affect how other genes function. These interdependencies can impact a cell's ability to survive. |
 | A health home run: Pro baseball players live longer, healthier lives(HealthDay)—It can look like a less strenuous sport than football or soccer, but professional baseball players might be the healthiest athletes out there, a new study finds. |
 | Screen every pregnant woman for hep B: Task force(HealthDay)—All pregnant women should be screened early for hepatitis B, to prevent the viral infection from being passed to newborns. |
 | One in five workers exposed to secondhand smoke on the job(HealthDay)—One in five nonsmoking workers report exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) at work, according to research published in the July 12 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. |
 | AHA news: Early pregnancy may be a prime time to promote heart healthImproving cardiovascular health during the early stages of pregnancy can lead not only to a healthier pregnancy, it also can greatly improve a woman's long-term heart health, new research shows. |
 | T2DM increases gastric cancer risk after H. pylori eradication(HealthDay)—Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk for gastric cancer after treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection, according to a study published online July 11 in Diabetes Care. |
 | Reducing air pollution could cut rates of childhood asthma(HealthDay)—Statistical models demonstrate how targeting certain air pollutants could reduce the incidence of childhood asthma, according to a study published online July 22 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. |
 | MGUS can progress to multiple myeloma within five years(HealthDay)—Individuals with low- or intermediate-risk monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) can experience progression to multiple myeloma within five years, according to a study published online July 18 in JAMA Oncology. |
Survey finds patients want more guidance from physicians on self-carePhysicians and consumers agree that self-care is important to health and well-being, yet 75 percent of patients say they haven't discussed self-care with their physician within the last two years, according to a new survey released today, conducted by The Harris Poll on behalf of Samueli Integrative Health Programs. Nearly half of doctors (46%) say patients do not seem very interested in the topic, while a majority of patients (72%) say they are interested in discussing self-care with their healthcare provider, which includes lifestyle changes, healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and other alternatives to conventional medical treatment. | |
 | Semi-automated contracting system to accelerate partnering in AI-powered drug discoveryOne of the main impediments in partnerships between the AI companies and biotechnology companies is contracting. Legal contracts for target identification and small molecule generation can be incredibly complex, especially when the parties do not have experience in partnering on AI-powered projects. In 2018-2019 Insilico Medicine partnered with nearly a dozen biotechnology companies with varying needs and developed a portfolio of use cases. It often took longer to negotiate a contract than to perform the project and deliver the working molecules to the partner. |
 | Scholars weigh in on new ideas about autismA new paper that challenges widely held ideas about autism has attracted comments from more than 30 scholars across the disciplines of psychology, anthropology, education, and neuroscience. |
 | Is Instagram behavior motivated by a desire to belong?Does a desire to belong and perceived social support drive a person's frequency of Instagram use? The relationship between these motivating factors as predictors of Instagram use are published in a new study in Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. |
Type of stent affects immediate and long-term outcomesA new study comparing the outcomes of different types of stents used to treat cerebral aneurysms shows that the type of stent used affects a patient's immediate and long-term health outcomes. The study was presented at the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery's (SNIS) 16th Annual Meeting. | |
Study looks at stem cells for answers to how a type of autism developsThe lab of Yongchao Ma, Ph.D., from Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, discovered how the genetic defect in fragile X syndrome—a type of autism—delays production of neurons (nerve cells) at a critical time in the embryo's brain development. In a study published in Cell Reports, Dr. Ma and colleagues describe a previously unknown regulatory mechanism controlling how stem cells differentiate into neurons. They identified early disruptions in this process in fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited intellectual disability in children. | |
New discovery points toward possible treatment for diabetic non-healing woundsFor the average person, getting a cut or scrape on the foot may not be cause for immediate concern. However, for people with type 2 diabetes, these wounds can be life-threatening. According to a 2016 study, one-third of the cost of type 2 diabetes treatment is related to non-healing foot wounds and ulcers, which are the leading cause of amputation in the United States. | |
Stem cell therapy furthers research for infants with hypoplastic left heart syndromeA phase I clinical trial is the first research monitored by the Food and Drug Administration that demonstrates the potential of regenerative therapy for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) through collecting, processing and injecting an infant's own stem cells directly into the heart at the time of surgery. A paper detailing the clinical trial was published in The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. | |
 | Slower walking speed may predict future mobility problemsBeing able to walk outside for several blocks at a leisurely pace plays an important role in living a vibrant, healthy life. Walking short distances allows you to get the physical activity you need, live independently, go shopping, access health care, and engage in a social life. |
Open-label study of a vaginal ring for HIV prevention suggests women want and will use itResults of an open-label study of vaginal ring intended to be used for a month at a time found the majority of women wanted the ring being offered, with measures of adherence also indicating that women are willing to use it to protect themselves against HIV. Researchers from the National Institutes of Health-funded Microbicide Trials Network (MTN) who conducted the study, known as HOPE, reported their findings today at the 10th IAS Conference on HIV Science (IAS 2019) in Mexico City. | |
 | MicroRNAs from human fat cells can impair macrophage ability to eliminate cholesterolA multi-institutional team led by research faculty at Children's National in Washington, D.C., finds that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from kids' fat can play a pivotal role in ratcheting up risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease well before any worrisome symptoms become visible. What's more, the team showed that EVs found in the body's fat stores can disrupt disposal of cholesterol in a variety of kids, from lean to obese, the team reports online July 22, 2019, in the Journal of Translational Medicine. |
 | US fake meat firm mounts challenge to legal restrictionsA US firm that sells turkey-flavored tofu has taken legal action against a law that prohibits use of the word "meat" to describe its products, amid a political backlash to the growing popularity of meat substitutes. |
Smoking giant China planning e-cigarette regulationChina is planning to regulate e-cigarettes in an attempt to stave off a new gateway addiction in what is already the world's largest smoking population. | |
 | Sex with HIV still a crime? Updated laws divide advocatesAs Sanjay Johnson describes it, his sexual encounter with James Booth on Oct. 2, 2015, was a one-night stand. But it would bind the men inextricably two years later, when Booth walked into an Arkansas police station and accused Johnson of exposing him to HIV. |
Biology news
 | Bird embryos respond to adult warning calls inside their shellsA pair of researchers with Universidad de Vigo has found that yellow-legged gull embryos respond to parental warning calls by vibrating inside their shells. In their paper published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, Jose Noguera and Alberto Velando describe their study of the gulls in their lab and what they learned. |
 | How fat prawns can save livesBefore bite-sized crustaceans like crayfish, shrimp and prawns land on our dinner plates, they first have to get fat themselves—and it turns out they relish the freshwater snails that transmit the parasite that causes schistosomiasis, the second most devastating parasitic disease worldwide, after malaria. |
 | Garlic on broccoli: A smelly approach to repel a major pestAgricultural insect pests seek out familiar scents to find their plant hosts. However, they can also be repelled by odors from other plant species. |
 | How did Africa's grasslands get started?Between 10 million and 6 million years ago, vegetation across much of the world underwent a transformation, as warmth-adapted grasses displaced previously dominant plants, shrubs and trees. The new grasses carried out the chemical reactions required for photosynthesis in a distinct new way. Scientists have labeled this new process the C4 pathway. In East Africa, the changeover coincided with the evolution of mammal lineages that we recognize today, including early human ancestors. Today, C4 plants comprise about one-quarter of the Earth's vegetation, from the Great Plains of North America to western China, Australia and much of sub-Saharan Africa. |
 | 3-D printed custom silicon heart valvesScientists at ETH Zurich and the South African company Strait Access Technologies are using 3-D printing to produce custom-made artificial heart valves from silicone. This could help meet an aging population's growing demand for replacement heart valves. |
 | Climate changes faster than animals adaptClimate change can threaten species, and extinctions can impact ecosystem health. It is therefore of vital importance to assess to which degree animals can respond to changing environmental conditions, for example, by shifting the timing of breeding, and whether these shifts enable the persistence of populations in the long run. |
 | Privatization of public goods can cause population decline, research showsScientists have given a fascinating new insight into the way microbes adopt a 'co-operative' approach to securing the nutrients they need to thrive. |
 | Sea Pangolin: The first ever species endangered by potential deep sea miningHydrothermal vents host rare species at incredibly high density comparable to tropical rainforests or coral reefs. Forty years ago, the first descriptions of the ecosystems around these deep underwater heat funnels changed our understanding of deep ocean environments and the very origins of life. Now, species in even the most inaccessible parts of Earth are threatened by disturbance from human activity, including mining the depths of the ocean. |
 | Phosphate shortage: The dwindling resource required to grow foodBy 2030, the world's population is projected to be about 8.5 billion people. Global food security is a major concern for governments—zero hunger is the second most important of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. |
 | How fireflies glow and what signals they're sendingYou might not really be sure you saw what you think you saw when the first one shows up. But you stare in the direction of the flicker of light and there it is again—the first firefly of the evening. If you are in good firefly habitat, soon there are dozens, or even hundreds, of the insects flying about, flashing their mysterious signals. |
 | Fussy fish can have their coral, and eat it tooBeing a fussy eater is a problem for reef fish who seek refuge from climate change on deeper reefs. But, scientists discovered, the coral that these fussy fish eat can support them. |
 | For anemonefish, male-to-female sex change happens first in the brainThe anemonefish is a gender-bending marvel. It starts out as a male, but can switch to female when circumstances allow, for example, when the only female present dies or disappears. In a new study, researchers found that the male-to-female sex-change occurs first in the fish's brain and only later involves the gonads—sometimes after a delay of months or years. (Includes video). |
 | The first bioluminescent click beetle discovered in Asia represents a new subfamilyA remarkable bioluminescent click beetle was discovered in the subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests in southwest China. Scientists Mr. Wen-Xuan Bi, Dr. Jin-Wu He, Dr. Xue-Yan Li, all affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Kunming), Mr. Chang-Chin Chen of Tianjin New Wei San Industrial Company, Ltd. (Tianjing, China) and Dr. Robin Kundrata of Palacký University (Olomouc, Czech Republic) published their findings in the open-access journal ZooKeys. |
 | Hidden world of stream biodiversity revealed through water sampling for environmental DNAFor the first time, researchers have used a novel genomics-based method to detect the simultaneous presence of hundreds of organisms in a stream. |
 | Singapore makes its biggest ever illegal ivory seizureSingapore has made its largest ever seizure of smuggled ivory, impounding a haul of nearly nine tonnes of contraband tusks from an estimated 300 elephants, authorities said Tuesday. |
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