EMBO reports Table of Contents for December 2018; Vol. 19, No. 12

December 2018 | Volume 19, Number 12 Submit Table of Contents News & Views Science & Society Reviews Scientific Reports Articles Resource Corrigenda Volume 19, Number 12 News & Views T time for ADAR: ADAR1 is required for T cell self‐tolerance A study in this issue uncovers a novel role for the RNA‐editing enzyme ADAR1. ADAR1‐mediated suppression of type I interferon stimulated gene expression is required for T cell self‐tolerance and prevents colitis. Hachung Chung and Charles M Rice Published online 21.11.2018 Science & Society You can't always sequence your way out of a tight spot: Next‐generation sequencing holds great promise for pathogen detection, but the devil is in the details While DNA sequencing is increasingly being used as a diagnostic tool, targeted assays, culture and other isolation techniques remain a critical component in effective diagnostic workflows. Todd J Treangen and Mihai Pop Published online 21.11.2018 Peer power: A women's peer‐mentoring program at the workplace: example from the academia Mentoring has been an efficient tool to help young PIs to deal with the challenges that come with establishing a research groups. Peer Mentoring is an alternative to “classical” mentoring that could benefit female scientists in particular. Shelly Levy‐Tzedek, Galia S Moran, Uri Alon and Neta Sal‐Man Published online 05.11.2018 Alternative article‐level metrics: The use of alternative metrics in research evaluation A growing range of metrics are available as an alternative to citation counts. The crucial questions for research evaluation are what kind of impact these measure and whether this correlates with the quality of research. Lutz Bornmann and Robin Haunschild Published online 13.11.2018 Internet of instruments: Connectivity of research instruments and artificial intelligence could drastically advance experimental science The internet of things is arriving at the laboratory, connecting instruments for remote control and monitoring. Along with Artificial Intelligence Software to analyse data and design experiments, it could fundamentally change the way research is done. Philip Hunter Published online 07.11.2018 Reviews Role of the cGAS–STING pathway in cancer development and oncotherapeutic approaches cGAS–STING recognizes microbial and also self‐DNA, e.g. derived from tumors, which either activates or inhibits tumor development. This review discusses the dichotomous roles of the cGAS–STING pathway in cancer development and therapeutic approaches. Li Teng Khoo and Liuh‐Yow Chen Published online 16.11.2018 Modulating the expression of long non‐coding RNAs for functional studies Understanding the function of the many lncRNAs in the human genome requires a unique toolbox of methods. Liu and Lim discuss the suitability and limitations of modern methods for controlling the expression of lncRNAs. S John Liu and Daniel A Lim Published online 21.11.2018 Scientific Reports ADP‐heptose is a newly identified pathogen‐associated molecular pattern of Shigella flexneri ADP‐heptose is a newly identified pathogen‐associated molecular pattern of Shigella flexneri. Unlike βHBP, ADP‐heptose triggers rapid ALPK1‐dependent TIFA oligomerization leading to subsequent inflammatory cytokine production. Diego García‐Weber, Anne‐Sophie Dangeard, Johan Cornil, Linda Thai, Héloïse Rytter, Alla Zamyatina, Laurence A Mulard and Cécile Arrieumerlou Published online 19.11.2018 Rab22A recruits BLOC‐1 and BLOC‐2 to promote the biogenesis of recycling endosomes Recycling endosomes are transient tubular intermediates that maintain cellular/organelle homeostasis. Rab22A promotes the assembly of a BLOC‐1‐BLOC‐2‐KIF13A complex on sorting endosomes to generate the recycling tubular endosomes that are required for the biogenesis of lysosome‐related organelles. Saurabh Shakya, Prerna Sharma, Anshul Milap Bhatt, Riddhi Atul Jani, Cédric Delevoye and Subba Rao Gangi Setty Published online 07.11.2018 The fungal ligand chitin directly binds TLR2 and triggers inflammation dependent on oligomer size Chitin, a polysaccharide linked to fungal infection and allergic asthma, directly binds to the innate immune receptor TLR2 and triggers inflammation dependent on oligomer size. Blocking the chitin‐TLR2 interaction effectively prevents chitin‐mediated inflammation. Katharina Fuchs, Yamel Cardona Gloria, Olaf‐Oliver Wolz, Franziska Herster, Lokesh Sharma, Carly A Dillen, Christoph Täumer, Sabine Dickhöfer, Zsofia Bittner, Truong‐Minh Dang, Anurag Singh, Daniel Haischer, Maria A Schlöffel, Kirsten J Koymans, Tharmila Sanmuganantham, Milena Krach, Thierry Roger, Didier Le Roy, Nadine A Schilling, Felix Frauhammer, Lloyd S Miller, Thorsten Nürnberger, Salomé LeibundGut‐Landmann, Andrea A Gust, Boris Macek, Martin Frank, Cécile Gouttefangeas, Charles S Dela Cruz, Dominik Hartl and Alexander NR Weber Published online 18.10.2018 Calcineurin promotes APC/C activation at meiotic exit by acting on both XErp1 and Cdc20 Vertebrate oocytes are arrested at metaphase of the second meiotic division. The phosphatase calcineurin contributes to APC/C activation during meiotic exit by acting on both the APC/C co‐activator Cdc20 and the APC/C inhibitor XErp1. Andreas Heim, Thomas Tischer and Thomas U Mayer Published online 29.10.2018 Articles ADAR1‐mediated RNA editing is required for thymic self‐tolerance and inhibition of autoimmunity ADAR1 is responsible for editing dsRNAs, and loss of ADAR1 activates the innate immune response. ADAR1‐mediated editing is essential for thymic T cell development, and for counteracting autoimmunity via MDA5‐sensing of unedited dsRNA. Taisuke Nakahama, Yuki Kato, Jung In Kim, Tuangtong Vongpipatana, Yutaka Suzuki, Carl R Walkley and Yukio Kawahara Published online 25.10.2018 Regulator of Calcineurin 1 helps coordinate whole‐body metabolism and thermogenesis Regulator of Calcineurin1 (RCAN1) suppresses two different mechanisms of non‐shivering thermogenesis: the activation of UCP1 expression in white adipose tissue, and sarcolipin expression in skeletal muscle. David Rotter, Heshan Peiris, D Bennett Grinsfelder, Alyce M Martin, Jana Burchfield, Valentina Parra, Christi Hull, Cyndi R Morales, Claire F Jessup, Dusan Matusica, Brian W Parks, Aldons J Lusis, Ngoc Uyen Nhi Nguyen, Misook Oh, Israel Iyoke, Tanvi Jakkampudi, D Randy McMillan, Hesham A Sadek, Matthew J Watt, Rana K Gupta, Melanie A Pritchard, Damien J Keating and Beverly A Rothermel Published online 02.11.2018 FMRP recruitment of β‐catenin to the translation pre‐initiation complex represses translation This study reports novel components of the β‐catenin interactome and identifies an β‐catenin/FMRP (fragile X mental retardation protein) complex with translational repressor function. Saviz Ehyai, Tetsuaki Miyake, Declan Williams, Jyotsna Vinayak, Mark A Bayfield and John C McDermott Published online 25.10.2018 BRCA1 and BARD1 mediate apoptotic resistance but not longevity upon mitochondrial stress in Caenorhabditis elegans Mitochondrial stress induces a cell‐non‐autonomous anti‐apoptotic signal in the germline independently from its pro‐longevity effect. This protective effect relies on the C. elegans BRCA1/BARD1 tumor suppressor genes homologs, brc‐1/brd‐1. Alessandro Torgovnick, Alfonso Schiavi, Anjumara Shaik, Henok Kassahun, Silvia Maglioni, Shane L Rea, Thomas E Johnson, Hans C Reinhardt, Sebastian Honnen, Björn Schumacher, Hilde Nilsen and Natascia Ventura Published online 26.10.2018 Role for intraflagellar transport in building a functional transition zone A temperature‐sensitive mutation in the gene encoding the C. elegans Dynein‐2 heavy chain, CHE‐3, reveals a role for the retrograde dynein motor in anterograde intraflagellar transport, cilium structure maintenance, and assembly of a functional transition zone. Victor L Jensen, Nils J Lambacher, Chunmei Li, Swetha Mohan, Corey L Williams, Peter N Inglis, Bradley K Yoder, Oliver E Blacque and Michel R Leroux Published online 14.11.2018 Foxp3 expression in induced regulatory T cells is stabilized by C/EBP in inflammatory environments Naive CD4+ T cells need to overcome the inhibitory environment at inflamed sites to differentiate into Tregs. C/EBP enhances Treg generation by dampening the inhibitory effect of IFN‐γ and IL‐4 on Foxp3 expression. Sungkyu Lee, Kyungsoo Park, Jieun Kim, Hyungyu Min and Rho H Seong Published online 22.10.2018 β‐Catenin‐RAS interaction serves as a molecular switch for RAS degradation via GSK3β GSK3β promotes phosphorylation‐ and polyubiquitination‐dependent proteasomal RAS degradation. β‐Catenin directly interacts with RAS, thereby preventing GSK3β‐dependent phosphorylation and degradation, defining the basis for the synergistic effect of β‐catenin and RAS on cancer growth. Sang‐Kyu Lee, Woo‐Jeong Jeong, Yong‐Hee Cho, Pu‐Hyeon Cha, Jeong‐Su Yoon, Eun Ji Ro, Sooho Choi, Jeong‐Min Oh, Yunseok Heo, Hyuntae Kim, Do Sik Min, Gyoonhee Han, Weontae Lee and Kang‐Yell Choi Published online 09.11.2018 KDM6A and KDM6B play contrasting roles in nuclear transfer embryos revealed by MERVL reporter system MERVL::tdTomato transgenic mice monitor zygotic genome activation in real time, show that H3K27me3 limits SCNT reprogramming and that KDM6A overexpression or KDM6B knockdown improve the development of SCNT embryos. Lei Yang, Lishuang Song, Xuefei Liu, Lige Bai and Guangpeng Li Published online 02.11.2018 NDP52 interacts with mitochondrial RNA poly(A) polymerase to promote mitophagy The autophagy receptor NDP52 interacts with mitochondrial RNA poly(A) polymerase (MTPAP) to promote the ubiquitin‐independent removal of damaged mitochondria by autophagy. Norihiko Furuya, Soichiro Kakuta, Katsuhiko Sumiyoshi, Maya Ando, Risa Nonaka, Ayami Suzuki, Saiko Kazuno, Shinji Saiki and Nobutaka Hattori Published online 11.10.2018 Arginine methylation of SIRT7 couples glucose sensing with mitochondria biogenesis PRMT6 methylates and thereby inhibits SIRT7, which epigenetically promotes mitochondria biogenesis and connects it to glucose availability in an AMPK‐dependent manner. Wei‐Wei Yan, Yun‐Liu Liang, Qi‐Xiang Zhang, Di Wang, Ming‐Zhu Lei, Jia Qu, Xiang‐Huo He, Qun‐Ying Lei and Yi‐Ping Wang Published online 12.11.2018 Co‐inhibition of immunoproteasome subunits LMP2 and LMP7 is required to block autoimmunity Simultaneous targeting of the immunoproteasome subunits LMP2 and LMP7 is required for optimal therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of autoimmunity. These findings will promote the design of novel immunoproteasome inhibitors with optimal therapeutic efficacy. Michael Basler, Michelle M Lindstrom, Jacob J LaStant, J Michael Bradshaw, Timothy D Owens, Christian Schmidt, Elmer Maurits, Christopher Tsu, Herman S Overkleeft, Christopher J Kirk, Claire L Langrish and Marcus Groettrup Published online 02.10.2018 Resource ChIP‐Atlas: a data‐mining suite powered by full integration of public ChIP‐seq data ChIP‐Atlas (http://chip-atlas.org) is an easy‐to‐use Web service for visualization and data mining of genome‐wide binding data for transcriptional regulators and modified histones that is based entirely on public ChIP‐seq data. Shinya Oki, Tazro Ohta, Go Shioi, Hideki Hatanaka, Osamu Ogasawara, Yoshihiro Okuda, Hideya Kawaji, Ryo Nakaki, Jun Sese and Chikara Meno Published online 09.11.2018 Corrigenda Mycobacteria exploit nitric oxide‐induced transformation of macrophages into permissive giant cells Kourosh Gharun, Julia Senges, Maximilian Seidl, Anne Lösslein, Julia Kolter, Florens Lohrmann, Manfred Fliegauf, Magdeldin Elgizouli, Marco Alber, Martina Vavra, Kristina Schachtrup, Anna L Illert, Martine Gilleron, Carsten J Kirschning, Antigoni Triantafyllopoulou and Philipp Henneke Published online 05.12.2018 Structural and functional analysis of the GABARAP interaction motif (GIM) Vladimir V Rogov, Alexandra Stolz, Arvind C Ravichandran, Diana O Rios‐Szwed, Hironori Suzuki, Andreas Kniss, Frank Löhr, Soichi Wakatsuki, Volker Dötsch, Ivan Dikic, Renwick CJ Dobson and David G McEwan Published online 05.12.2018   Unsubscribe from or edit your subscription for this service. 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