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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| September 2018 Volume 24, Issue 9 |
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 |  Editorial
News Feature
Comment
Research Highlights
News & Views
Brief Communications
Letters
Articles
Amendments & Corrections
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Scientific Reports Editor's choice collection: Transplantation Transferring a tissue or organ from one individual to another remains one of the most challenging and complex medical endeavours. This collection brings together transplantation research recently published in Scientific Reports, with a focus on the most commonly transplanted organs.
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| Communications Biology: Open for Submissions Communications Biology is a new open access journal that publishes high-quality primary research articles, reviews and commentary representing significant advances and new insights to the field of biology. The journal is now open for submissions. Find out more >> |  | | |
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Editorial | |
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| Clarifying access to data p1293
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0188-2 |
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News Feature | |
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| When the golden years turn blue pp1294 - 1296
Nicole Wetsman
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0174-8 |
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| Just the messenger pp1297 - 1300
Amanda B. Keener
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0183-7 |
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Comment | |
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| Right data for right patient—a precisionFDA NCI–CPTAC Multi-omics Mislabeling Challenge pp1301 - 1302
Emily Boja, Živana Težak, Bing Zhang, Pei Wang, Elaine Johanson et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0180-x |
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Research Highlights | |
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News & Views | |
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Brief Communications | |
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| Experimental microbial dysbiosis does not promote disease progression in SIV-infected macaques pp1313 - 1316
Alexandra M. Ortiz, Jacob K. Flynn, Sarah R. DiNapoli, Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin, Carly E. Starke et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0132-5
Antibiotic treatment of SIV-infected nonhuman primates shows that inducing bacterial dysbiosis in the gut—similar to that seen in HIV infection—does not promote disease progression, questioning its potential role in progression to HIV/AIDS. |
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Letters | |
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| Fetal gene therapy for neurodegenerative disease of infants pp1317 - 1323
Giulia Massaro, Citra N. Z. Mattar, Andrew M. S. Wong, Ernestas Sirka, Suzanne M. K. Buckley et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0106-7
In utero GBA gene therapy extends lifespan and provides long-lasting phenotypic amelioration in a mouse model of neuronopathic Gaucher disease. Fetal ultrasound-guided in utero gene vector delivery is also achieved in the non-human primate brain. |
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| Biochemical autoregulatory gene therapy for focal epilepsy pp1324 - 1329
Andreas Lieb, Yichen Qiu, Christine L. Dixon, Janosch P. Heller, Matthew C. Walker et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0103-x
A glutamate-gated chloride channel delivered via gene therapy is shown to detect elevated brain glutamate levels and trigger the suppression of neuronal excitability, thereby attenuating seizure activity in two rodent models of epilepsy. |
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| Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells recognize and kill Plasmodium vivax–infected reticulocytes pp1330 - 1336
Caroline Junqueira, Camila R. R. Barbosa, Pedro A. C. Costa, Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho, Guilherme Castro et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0117-4
T cells kill blood-stage Plasmodium vivax, providing a rationale for the development of a T cell vaccine against this parasite. |
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| Automated deep-neural-network surveillance of cranial images for acute neurologic events pp1337 - 1341
Joseph J. Titano, Marcus Badgeley, Javin Schefflein, Margaret Pain, Andres Su et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0147-y
A deep-learning algorithm is developed to provide rapid and accurate diagnosis of clinical 3D head CT-scan images to triage and prioritize urgent neurological events, thus potentially accelerating time to diagnosis and care in clinical settings. |
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Articles | |
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| Clinically applicable deep learning for diagnosis and referral in retinal disease pp1342 - 1350
Jeffrey De Fauw, Joseph R. Ledsam, Bernardino Romera-Paredes, Stanislav Nikolov, Nenad Tomasev et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0107-6
A novel deep learning architecture performs device-independent tissue segmentation of clinical 3D retinal images followed by separate diagnostic classification that meets or exceeds human expert clinical diagnoses of retinal disease. |
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| De novo NAD+ biosynthetic impairment in acute kidney injury in humans pp1351 - 1359
Ali Poyan Mehr, Mei T. Tran, Kenneth M. Ralto, David E. Leaf, Vaughan Washco et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0138-z
Impaired NAD+ biosynthesis may be a common feature of high-risk hospitalizations for which NAD+ augmentation could improve therapeutic outcome. |
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| The exerkine apelin reverses age-associated sarcopenia pp1360 - 1371
Claire Vinel, Laura Lukjanenko, Aurelie Batut, Simon Deleruyelle, Jean-Philippe Pradère et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0131-6
The muscle-secreted, exercise-induced peptide hormone apelin decreases with aging and sarcopenia, and its repletion in aged mice with recombinant protein improves muscle mass and function. |
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| Cold-induced epigenetic programming of the sperm enhances brown adipose tissue activity in the offspring pp1372 - 1383
Wenfei Sun, Hua Dong, Anton S. Becker, Dianne H. Dapito, Salvatore Modica et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0102-y
How heavy a person is and how much active brown fat they have depends on their father and the season in which they were conceived. |
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| Metformin inhibits gluconeogenesis via a redox-dependent mechanism in vivo pp1384 - 1394
Anila K. Madiraju, Yang Qiu, Rachel J. Perry, Yasmeen Rahimi, Xian-Man Zhang et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0125-4
Using 13C-labeled substrates in vivo, this group shows that metformin inhibits mG3PDH to reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis and lower glycemia by altering the redox potential of the cytosol of hepatocytes rather than affecting substrate availability. |
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| Metformin reduces liver glucose production by inhibition of fructose-1-6-bisphosphatase pp1395 - 1406
Roger W. Hunter, Curtis C. Hughey, Louise Lantier, Elias I. Sundelin, Mark Peggie et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0159-7
The antidiabetic action of metformin raises heptocyte intracellular AMP levels, causing allosteric inhibition of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and thus reductions in gluconeogenesis. |
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| Development of a gut microbe–targeted nonlethal therapeutic to inhibit thrombosis potential pp1407 - 1417
Adam B. Roberts, Xiaodong Gu, Jennifer A. Buffa, Alex G. Hurd, Zeneng Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0128-1
Mechanism-based small-molecule inhibitors targeting a gut microbial enzyme lower circulating levels of the prothrombotic metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and suppress diet-induced thrombosis in mice. |
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| Interleukin-1β has atheroprotective effects in advanced atherosclerotic lesions of mice pp1418 - 1429
Delphine Gomez, Richard A. Baylis, Brittany G. Durgin, Alexandra A. C. Newman, Gabriel F. Alencar et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0124-5
Interleukin-1β promotes an atheroprotective phenotype in late-stage lesions of mice, suggesting the possibility of deleterious effects of interleukin-1β blockade in the setting of myocardial infarction. |
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| Early antiretroviral therapy limits SIV reservoir establishment to delay or prevent post-treatment viral rebound pp1430 - 1440
Afam A. Okoye, Scott G. Hansen, Mukta Vaidya, Yoshinori Fukazawa, Haesun Park et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0130-7
Early and prolonged administration of antiretroviral therapy to SIV-infected and post-exposure-vaccinated rhesus macaques was associated with absence or delay of detectable virus after therapy interruption. |
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| Blood-based tumor mutational burden as a predictor of clinical benefit in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with atezolizumab pp1441 - 1448
David R. Gandara, Sarah M. Paul, Marcin Kowanetz, Erica Schleifman, Wei Zou et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0134-3
A blood-based DNA sequencing assay to infer tumor mutational burden in the absence of tumor biopsy predicts response to PD-L1 blockade in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. |
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| Comprehensive molecular characterization of clinical responses to PD-1 inhibition in metastatic gastric cancer pp1449 - 1458
Seung Tae Kim, Razvan Cristescu, Adam J. Bass, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Justin I. Odegaard et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0101-z
Microsatellite instability and Epstein–Barr virus positivity represent novel biomarkers of clinical response to PD-1 blockade in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. |
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| Sequestration of T cells in bone marrow in the setting of glioblastoma and other intracranial tumors pp1459 - 1468
Pakawat Chongsathidkiet, Christina Jackson, Shohei Koyama, Franziska Loebel, Xiuyu Cui et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0135-2
Patients with glioblastoma experience lymphopenia and sequestration of T cells in the bone marrow, which is recapitulated in mice with brain tumors, where the reversible nature of this effect is demonstrated by an approach that enables the efficacy of other immunotherapeutics. |
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| Enhancer mapping uncovers phenotypic heterogeneity and evolution in patients with luminal breast cancer pp1469 - 1480
Darren K. Patten, Giacomo Corleone, Balázs Győrffy, Ylenia Perone, Neil Slaven et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0091-x
Topographic analysis of the active regulatory landscape in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer uncovers a role for transcription factor YY1 in modulating phenotypic heterogeneity during tumor evolution and endocrine resistance. |
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Amendments & Corrections | |
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| Author Correction: What models eat p1481
Daniel Engber
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0133-4 |
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| Author Correction: STAT3 labels a subpopulation of reactive astrocytes required for brain metastasis p1481
Neibla Priego, Lucía Zhu, Cátia Monteiro, Manon Mulders, David Wasilewski et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0108-5 |
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| Author Correction: Thymosin α1 represents a potential potent single-molecule-based therapy for cystic fibrosis p1481
Luigina Romani, Vasilis Oikonomou, Silvia Moretti, Rossana G Iannitti, Maria Cristina D’Adamo et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0100-0 |
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| Publisher Correction: Targeting hepatic glutaminase activity to ameliorate hyperglycemia p1482
Russell A. Miller, Yuji Shi, Wenyun Lu, David A. Pirman, Aditi Jatkar et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0047-1 |
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| Publisher Correction: Thymosin α1 represents a potential potent single-molecule-based therapy for cystic fibrosis p1482
Luigina Romani, Vasilis Oikonomou, Silvia Moretti, Rossana G Iannitti, Maria Cristina D’Adamo et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0099-2 |
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| Publisher Correction: Stimulation of entorhinal cortex–dentate gyrus circuitry is antidepressive p1482
Sanghee Yun, Ryan P. Reynolds, Iraklis Petrof, Alicia White, Phillip D. Rivera et al.
doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0084-9 |
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