| | Glider soaring via reinforcement learning in the field
A reinforcement learning approach allows a suitably equipped glider to navigate thermal plumes autonomously in an open field.
Gautam Reddy, Jerome Wong-Ng, Antonio Celani et al. | Elimination of senescent cells prevents neurodegeneration in mice
Aggregation of the protein tau is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases in humans. It emerges that eliminating a type of damaged cell that no longer divides can prevent tau-mediated neurodegeneration in mice.
Jay Penney, Li-Huei Tsai | Hydraulic diversity of forests regulates ecosystem resilience during drought
The diversity in the hydraulic traits of trees mediates ecosystem resilience to drought and will probably have an important role in future ecosystem–atmosphere feedback effects.
William R. L. Anderegg, Alexandra G. Konings, Anna T. Trugman et al. | T cells in patients with narcolepsy target self-antigens of hypocretin neurons
The detection of hypocretin-specific autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in patients with narcolepsy reveals the autoimmune aetiology of this disorder.
Daniela Latorre, Ulf Kallweit, Eric Armentani et al. | A core problem in nuclear assembly
Chromosomes can exist outside the nucleus in rupture-prone structures called micronuclei. It emerges that micronuclei are fragile because their outer layer lacks some nuclear-envelope components.
Matthias Samwer, Daniel W. Gerlich | Tc toxin activation requires unfolding and refolding of a β-propeller
A high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of a complete Tc holotoxin complex reveals the precise mechanism of Tc toxin assembly, gate opening and release of the cytotoxic enzyme into the translocation channel.
Christos Gatsogiannis, Felipe Merino, Daniel Roderer et al. | Put to sleep by immune cells
The sleep disorder narcolepsy is linked to immune-system genes and is caused by the loss of neurons that express the protein hypocretin. Hypocretin-targeting immune cells have now been found in people with narcolepsy.
Roland S. Liblau | Clearance of senescent glial cells prevents tau-dependent pathology and cognitive decline
In a mouse model of tau-dependent neurodegenerative disease, the clearance of senescent glial cells prevents the degeneration of cortical and hippocampal neurons and preserves cognitive function.
Tyler J. Bussian, Asef Aziz, Charlton F. Meyer et al. | Device-independent quantum random-number generation
Yang Liu, Qi Zhao, Ming-Han Li et al. | Nuclear envelope assembly defects link mitotic errors to chromothripsis
The mitotic spindle prevents normal nuclear envelope assembly on missegregated chromosomes, leading to spontaneous envelope disruption of micronuclei and subsequent genome instability.
Shiwei Liu, Mijung Kwon, Mark Mannino et al. | Transience of the North American High Plains landscape and its impact on surface water
The High Plains region of North America is in a transient state, with a younger, efficient network of river channels progressively cannibalizing an older, less efficient region, aiding water retention for wetlands and groundwater recharge.
Sean D. Willett, Scott W. McCoy, Helen W. Beeson | mRNA circularization by METTL3–eIF3h enhances translation and promotes oncogenesis
METTL3, the enzyme responsible for m6A modification, influences translation by interacting with eIF3h to mediate looping between the regions near the stop codon and 5′ cap of mRNA.
Junho Choe, Shuibin Lin, Wencai Zhang et al. | Ring nucleases deactivate type III CRISPR ribonucleases by degrading cyclic oligoadenylate
In the CRISPR type III system, ‘ring’ nucleases possess a metal-independent mechanism that cleaves cyclic oligoadenylate ring molecules to switch off the antiviral state in cells.
Januka S. Athukoralage, Christophe Rouillon, Shirley Graham et al. | The role of miniaturization in the evolution of the mammalian jaw and middle ear
Biomechanical analyses of mammaliaform and cynodont fossils demonstrate that miniaturization drove the evolutionary transformation of the mammalian jaw, which preceded the optimization of bite force-to-joint load in the mandible.
Stephan Lautenschlager, Pamela G. Gill, Zhe-Xi Luo et al. | Structure of the membrane-assembled retromer coat determined by cryo-electron tomography
The retromer complex (the vacuolar protein sorting heterotrimer Vps26–Vps29–Vps35) has been resolved in association with membranes and the sorting nexin protein Vps5 using cryo-electron tomography.
Oleksiy Kovtun, Natalya Leneva, Yury S. Bykov et al. | Sensation, movement and learning in the absence of barrel cortex
Mice can learn to detect objects with their whiskers and respond appropriately even in the absence of their primary somatosensory cortex.
Y. Kate Hong, Clay O. Lacefield, Chris C. Rodgers et al. | Time-asymmetric loop around an exceptional point over the full optical communications band
Time-asymmetric light transmission over the entire optical communications band is achieved using a silicon photonic structure with photonic modes that dynamically encircle an exceptional point in the optical domain.
Jae Woong Yoon, Youngsun Choi, Choloong Hahn et al. | | | | Brief Communications Arising | | | | | A dynamically young and perturbed Milky Way disk
An analysis of the motions of six million stars in the Milky Way disk reveals substructures such as snail shells and ridges, indicating that our Galaxy has been recently perturbed.
T. Antoja, A. Helmi, M. Romero-Gómez et al. | | Deterministic teleportation of a quantum gate between two logical qubits
A teleported controlled-NOT gate is realized experimentally between two logical qubits implemented as superconducting cavity quantum memories, thus demonstrating an important tool for universal computation in a quantum modular architecture.
Kevin S. Chou, Jacob Z. Blumoff, Christopher S. Wang et al. | | Absolute timing of the photoelectric effect
The absolute timing of the photoelectric effect has proved difficult to measure, but the delay between photon arrival at a tungsten surface and ejection of photoelectrons has now been determined.
M. Ossiander, J. Riemensberger, S. Neppl et al. | | Ice loss from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during late Pleistocene interglacials
Studies of an Antarctic marine sediment core suggest that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet retreated in the vicinity of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin during extended warm periods of the late Pleistocene, when temperatures were similar to those predicted to occur within this century.
David J. Wilson, Rachel A. Bertram, Emma F. Needham et al. | | Ancient herders enriched and restructured African grasslands
Isotopic and sedimentary analyses of soils at Pastoral Neolithic archaeological sites in Kenya demonstrate the long-term influence of nutrient enrichment on savannah environments that has accompanied pastoralist settlement over the past three millennia.
Fiona Marshall, Rachel E. B. Reid, Steven Goldstein et al. | | | | | |
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