Nature Neuroscience Contents: September 2018 Volume 21 Number 9

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Advertisement Asia Pacific Vascular Biology Organization Conference, May 9-12, 2019, Guangzhou, China. Register Now.  More than thirty-four international renowned top speakers. Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (ZOC), the largest eye hospital in China; the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology (SKLO), the only one of its kind in China; and the Asia Pacific Vascular Biology Organization (APVBO). TABLE OF CONTENTS September 2018 Volume 21, Issue 9 News & Views Review Articles Articles Resources Technical Reports Amendments & Corrections   Advertisement   Communications Biology: Open for Submissions Communications Biology is a new open access journal that publishes high-quality primary research articles, reviews and commentary representing significant advances and new insights to the field of biology. The journal is now open for submissions. Find out more >>    Advertisement THE NYSCF CONFERENCE OCTOBER 23 - 24, 2018 | NEW YORK CITY  The leading scientific meeting on translational stem cell research, the NYSCF Conference convenes 500 participants from academia, industry, government, and patient groups. This year's speakers include keynote NIH Director Dr. Francis Collins among other world-renowned scientists. See Full Agenda and Register Now.   News & Views   Outsmarting (and outrunning) nature’s harsh decree    pp1141 - 1142 Michael R. Drew & Christine A. Denny doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0214-1 Extracting new insights from bulk transcriptomics    pp1142 - 1144 Vilas Menon doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0218-x Sex bias in autism: new insights from Chd8 mutant mice?    pp1144 - 1146 Laura C. Andreae & M. Albert Basson doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0217-y Behavioral tracking gets real    pp1146 - 1147 Kunlin Wei & Konrad Paul Kording doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0215-0 Neuroscience JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Position- Neuroscience University of California - Irvine Postdoctoral Position in Genetic Dissection of Early Life Neural Circuit Programming in Brain Disorders Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University (AECOM) Assistant Professor / Associate Professor / Professor in Neurobiology University of Helsinki Postdoctoral positions in Neuroepidemiology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston Children's Hospital / Harvard Medical School Postdoc in Neuron-Glia Interactions at Dartmouth Dartmouth College More Science jobs from Neuroscience EVENT 2018 Mental Health and Neurology Conference 18.09.18 Bangkok, Thailand More science events from Review Articles   Cognitive computational neuroscience    pp1148 - 1160 Nikolaus Kriegeskorte & Pamela K. Douglas doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0210-5 The authors review recent work at the intersection of cognitive science, computational neuroscience and artificial intelligence that develops and tests computational models mimicking neural and cognitive function during a wide range of tasks.   Advertisement Searching for a new career? At Nature Research we frequently recruit talented individuals to join our editorial and publishing teams. If you have a PhD and a passion for science this may be the perfect career for you. Visit our research editorial and publishing careers website to discover more about what we do   Articles   GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal influence of schizophrenia    pp1161 - 1170 Joëlle A. Pasman, Karin J. H. Verweij, Zachary Gerring, Sven Stringer, Sandra Sanchez-Roige et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0206-1 A GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, shows that cannabis use has genetic overlap with smoking and alcohol use, and indicates that the likelihood of initiating cannabis use is causally influenced by schizophrenia.   Variation among intact tissue samples reveals the core transcriptional features of human CNS cell classes    pp1171 - 1184 Kevin W. Kelley, Hiromi Nakao-Inoue, Anna V. Molofsky & Michael C. Oldham doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0216-z The authors use integrative deconvolution of gene expression data to reveal core transcriptional features of CNS cell classes in humans, and identify cell-class-specific transcriptional differences in disease, among CNS regions, and between species.   Transcriptomic and morphophysiological evidence for a specialized human cortical GABAergic cell type    pp1185 - 1195 Eszter Boldog, Trygve E. Bakken, Rebecca D. Hodge, Mark Novotny, Brian D. Aevermann et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0205-2 The authors use single-nucleus RNA-seq to identify 10 GABAergic interneuron subtypes in human cortex layer 1. Molecular, morphological, and physiological evidence points to an emerging human cell type, the rosehip cell, not found in other species.   Mononuclear phagocytes locally specify and adapt their phenotype in a multiple sclerosis model    pp1196 - 1208 Giuseppe Locatelli, Delphine Theodorou, Arek Kendirli, Marta Joana Costa Jordão, Ori Staszewski et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0212-3 Phagocytes drive formation & resolution of neuroinflammatory lesions. The authors use in vivo imaging to track expression of proinflammatory & resolution enzymes & follow temporal changes in individual phagocytes polarization states in inflamed CNS.   Direct vascular channels connect skull bone marrow and the brain surface enabling myeloid cell migration    pp1209 - 1217 Fanny Herisson, Vanessa Frodermann, Gabriel Courties, David Rohde, Yuan Sun et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0213-2 The authors describe microscopic channels that directly connect the skull marrow cavities with the meninges. Neutrophils originating from the skull marrow have a higher propensity to travel to the ischemic mouse brain than cells in the tibia.   Sexually dimorphic behavior, neuronal activity, and gene expression in Chd8-mutant mice    pp1218 - 1228 Hwajin Jung, Haram Park, Yeonsoo Choi, Hyojin Kang, Eunee Lee et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0208-z Autism is ~4 times more common in males. Jung et al. reveal male-preponderant abnormal behaviors in mice lacking CHD8, a chromatin remodeler, accompanying sexually dimorphic changes in neuronal firing, synaptic transmission, and gene expression.   Voluntary urination control by brainstem neurons that relax the urethral sphincter    pp1229 - 1238 Jason A. Keller, Jingyi Chen, Sierra Simpson, Eric Hou-Jen Wang, Varoth Lilascharoen et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0204-3 Controlling urination is a fundamental social need. Keller et al. develop a voluntary urination assay and uncover a subset of brainstem neurons that relax the urethral sphincter, providing insight into urinary control and its dysfunction.   Serotonin receptor 2c-expressing cells in the ventral CA1 control attention via innervation of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus    pp1239 - 1250 Xinyan Li, Wenting Chen, Kai Pan, Hao Li, Pei Pang et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0207-0 This study shows that excitatory neurons in the ventral hippocampus that express the serotonin receptor 2c gene control attention through direct innervation of the mouse equivalent of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus.   Hierarchy of transcriptomic specialization across human cortex captured by structural neuroimaging topography    pp1251 - 1259 Joshua B. Burt, Murat Demirtaş, William J. Eckner, Natasha M. Navejar, Jie Lisa Ji et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0195-0 Burt et al. analyze patterns of gene expression across human cortex and show expression primarily varies along a sensory-association hierarchy captured by noninvasive neuroimaging, suggesting an organizing principle for microcircuit specialization.   Advertisement Register for the latest nature.com webcast The Neuronal Composition of Somatosensation - Wednesday, 5th September, 2018  Register for FREE today  Sponsored by ACD   Resources   Mapping projections of molecularly defined dopamine neuron subtypes using intersectional genetic approaches    pp1260 - 1271 Jean-Francois Poulin, Giuliana Caronia, Caitlyn Hofer, Qiaoling Cui, Brandon Helm et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0203-4 Poulin et al. developed intersectional genetic approaches to target dopamine neuron subtypes defined by combinatorial gene expression. They demonstrate that dopamine neuron subtypes display distinctive projection patterns to forebrain regions.   Technical Reports   In vivo measurement of afferent activity with axon-specific calcium imaging    pp1272 - 1280 Gerard Joey Broussard, Yajie Liang, Marina Fridman, Elizabeth K. Unger, Guanghan Meng et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0211-4 The authors introduce a variant GCaMP that is targeted to axons. Due to its strong brightness, signal-to-noise ratio, and photostability, this tool, named axon-GCaMP, enables robust Ca2+ imaging in individual axons, including in vivo in awake mice.   DeepLabCut: markerless pose estimation of user-defined body parts with deep learning    pp1281 - 1289 Alexander Mathis, Pranav Mamidanna, Kevin M. Cury, Taiga Abe, Venkatesh N. Murthy et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0209-y Using a deep learning approach to track user-defined body parts during various behaviors across multiple species, the authors show that their toolbox, called DeepLabCut, can achieve human accuracy with only a few hundred frames of training data.   Amendments & Corrections   Author Correction: PV plasticity sustained through D1/5 dopamine signaling required for long-term memory consolidation    p1290 Smitha Karunakaran, Ananya Chowdhury, Flavio Donato, Charles Quairiaux, Christoph M Michel et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0179-0 Author Correction: Hippocampus-driven feed-forward inhibition of the prefrontal cortex mediates relapse of extinguished fear    p1291 Roger Marek, Jingji Jin, Travis D. Goode, Thomas F. Giustino, Qian Wang et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0183-4 Author Correction: Transneuronal propagation of mutant huntingtin contributes to non–cell autonomous pathology in neurons    p1291 Eline Pecho-Vrieseling, Claus Rieker, Sascha Fuchs, Dorothee Bleckmann, Maria Soledad Esposito et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0201-6 Publisher Correction: Tuned thalamic excitation is amplified by visual cortical circuits    p1292 Anthony D Lien & Massimo Scanziani doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0181-6 Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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