| Neonatal selection by Toll-like receptor 5 influences long-term gut microbiota composition Age-dependent epithelial expression of the innate immune receptor TLR5 in the gut of newborn mice selects against the presence of flagellated bacteria and influences microbiota composition throughout life. Marcus Fulde, Felix Sommer, Benoit Chassaing et al. | Technique to measure the expression dynamics of each gene in a single cell A method has been developed to infer whether the expression of each gene in a single cell is increasing or decreasing, and at what rate, using RNA-sequencing data. This tool has many potential applications. Allon M. Klein | Checkpoint for gut microbes after birth The route to the establishment of a beneficial microbial community in the gut after birth is not fully understood. It now emerges that a gut-cell protein in newborn mice shapes the long-term composition of this community. Andrew J. Macpherson, Stephanie C. Ganal-Vonarburg | Genetic and transcriptional evolution alters cancer cell line drug response The extent, origins and consequences of genetic variation within human cell lines are studied, providing a framework for researchers to measure such variation in efforts to support maximally reproducible cancer research. Uri Ben-David, Benjamin Siranosian, Gavin Ha et al. | 5-HT release in nucleus accumbens rescues social deficits in mouse autism model Stimulating the release of serotonin (5-HT) in the nucleus accumbens in wild-type mice promotes sociability, and rescues deficits in social behaviours in a mouse model of autism. Jessica J. Walsh, Daniel J. Christoffel, Boris D. Heifets et al. | Ecosystem warming extends vegetation activity but heightens vulnerability to cold temperatures Experimental whole-ecosystem warming treatments of a Picea–Sphagnum peat bog reveal the likely phenological consequences of future temperature increases that exceed those of historical climate regimes. Andrew D. Richardson, Koen Hufkens, Thomas Milliman et al. | Global land change from 1982 to 2016 Satellite data for the period 1982–2016 reveal changes in land use and land cover at global and regional scales that reflect patterns of land change indicative of a human-dominated Earth system. Xiao-Peng Song, Matthew C. Hansen, Stephen V. Stehman et al. | Gamete fusion triggers bipartite transcription factor assembly to block re-fertilization During sexual reproduction in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the rapid reconstitution of a bipartite Mi–Pi transcription complex after fusion blocks re-fertilization and induces meiosis, which ensures that the genome is maintained. Aleksandar Vještica, Laura Merlini, Pedro Junior Nkosi et al. | RNA velocity of single cells RNA velocity, estimated in single cells by comparison of spliced and unspliced mRNA, is a good indicator of transcriptome dynamics and will provide a useful tool for analysis of developmental lineage. Gioele La Manno, Ruslan Soldatov, Amit Zeisel et al. | Estimating global agricultural effects of geoengineering using volcanic eruptions Analysis of the El Chichón and Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruptions suggests that solar radiation management strategies using stratospheric sulfate aerosols would do little to counterbalance the effects of climate change on global crop yields. Jonathan Proctor, Solomon Hsiang, Jennifer Burney et al. | Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response Melanoma cells release programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of circulating exosomes, suggesting a mechanism by which tumours could evade the immunesystem, and the potential application of exosomal PD-L1 to monitor patient response to checkpoint therapies. Gang Chen, Alexander C. Huang, Wei Zhang et al. | Reverse weathering as a long-term stabilizer of marine pH and planetary climate Elevated rates of reverse weathering within silica-rich oceans led to enhanced carbon retention within the ocean–atmosphere system, promoting a stable, equable ice-free climate throughout Earth’s early to middle ages. Terry T. Isson, Noah J. Planavsky | From the archive | Diet boosts the effectiveness of a cancer drug A drug that slows cancer growth has been found to elevate the level of the hormone insulin. This insulin rise lessens the drug’s effectiveness, but a diet that lowers insulin can increase the benefits of the therapy in mice. Michael Pollak | Reaction combination opens up 3D molecular diversity for drug discovery Cycloaddition reactions are powerful tools for synthesizing three-dimensional molecules, but their scope has been limited. A creative solution to this problem opens up opportunities for drug discovery. Wenbo Ye, Ang Li | | | | | nature.com webcasts Nature Research Custom presents a webcast on: Molecular imaging reveals ONC201 antitumor efficacy and immune stimulation in cancer models Date: Wednesday, August 15, 2018 Join our live webcast to learn about the benefits of cell culture, xenograft tissue sections and mouse models coupled with imaging in preclinical immuno-oncology trials. This webcast has been produced on behalf of the sponsor who retains sole responsibility for content | | | | | | Brief Communications Arising | | | | Coherent spin–photon coupling using a resonant exchange qubit Coherent coupling between a three-electron spin qubit and single photons in a microwave resonator is demonstrated, which, unlike previous demonstrations, does not require ferromagnetic components near the qubit. A. J. Landig, J. V. Koski, P. Scarlino et al. | | Functional aspects of meningeal lymphatics in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction promotes amyloid-β deposition in the meninges and worsens brain amyloid-β pathology, acting as an aggravating factor in Alzheimer’s disease and in age-associated cognitive decline; improving meningeal lymphatic function could help to prevent or delay age-associated neurological diseases. Sandro Da Mesquita, Antoine Louveau, Andrea Vaccari et al. | | | Topological band engineering of graphene nanoribbons A topologically engineered graphene nanoribbon superlattice is presented that hosts a one-dimensional array of half-filled, in-gap localized electronic states, enabling band engineering. Daniel J. Rizzo, Gregory Veber, Ting Cao et al. | | Diode fibres for fabric-based optical communications A scalable thermal drawing process is used to integrate light-emitting and photodetecting diodes into textile-ready polymer fibres, which can be woven into fabrics with possible optical communication and health monitoring applications. Michael Rein, Valentine Dominique Favrod, Chong Hou et al. | | Structure and function of the global topsoil microbiome Metagenomic, chemical and biomass analyses of topsoil samples from around the world reveal spatial and environmental trends in microbial community composition and genetic diversity. Mohammad Bahram, Falk Hildebrand, Sofia K. Forslund et al. | | | | | |
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