| | Birds perceive colours in categories
Humans perceive colours in categories such as red, even though we can discern red hues including ruby and crimson. It emerges that birds also categorize colours and this affects their colour-discrimination ability.
Almut Kelber | Creating a functional single-chromosome yeast
Successive fusion of yeast chromosomes is used to produce a single-chromosome strain that is viable, albeit with slightly reduced fitness.
Yangyang Shao, Ning Lu, Zhenfang Wu et al. | Structure and function of the global topsoil microbiome
Metagenomic, chemical and biomass analyses of topsoil samples from around the world reveal spatial and environmental trends in microbial community composition and genetic diversity.
Mohammad Bahram, Falk Hildebrand, Sofia K. Forslund et al. | A revised airway epithelial hierarchy includes CFTR-expressing ionocytes
Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis identifies cell types and lineages in airway epithelium, including the pulmonary ionocyte, a new cell type predominantly expressing the cystic fibrosis gene CFTR.
Daniel T. Montoro, Adam L. Haber, Moshe Biton et al. | Human glioblastoma arises from subventricular zone cells with low-level driver mutations
Human neural stem cells from the subventricular zone are identified as the cells of origin that contain the driver mutations for glioblastomas.
Joo Ho Lee, Jeong Eun Lee, Jee Ye Kahng et al. | Extensive loss of past permafrost carbon but a net accumulation into present-day soils
Comparing the northern permafrost region of the Last Glacial Maximum with the same area today shows that the soil carbon stock has now increased, suggesting that permafrost carbon made no net contribution to preindustrial atmospheric carbon.
Amelie Lindgren, Gustaf Hugelius, Peter Kuhry | Categorical perception of colour signals in a songbird
Female zebra finches exhibited categorical perception of colour signals, as they categorized colour stimuli that varied along a continuous scale and showed increased discrimination between colours from opposite sides of the category boundary compared to equally different colours from within a category.
Eleanor M. Caves, Patrick A. Green, Matthew N. Zipple et al. | Inositol phosphates are assembly co-factors for HIV-1
Inositol hexakisphosphate, which is found in all mammalian cells, binds to two separate sites to promote the assembly and maturation of HIV-1 virus particles.
Robert A. Dick, Kaneil K. Zadrozny, Chaoyi Xu et al. | CRISPR-guided DNA polymerases enable diversification of all nucleotides in a tunable window
A system that targets DNA polymerase activity with CRISPR-guided nickases to provide genetic diversification at user-defined loci enables forward genetic approaches.
Shakked O. Halperin, Connor J. Tou, Eric B. Wong et al. | Inhibitors of histone acetyltransferases KAT6A/B induce senescence and arrest tumour growth
Selective inhibitors of KAT6A and KAT6B inhibit MYST-catalysed histone acetylation, induce cell cycle exit and cellular senescence without causing DNA damage, and arrest lymphoma progression in mouse models.
Jonathan B. Baell, David J. Leaver, Stefan J. Hermans et al. | Karyotype engineering by chromosome fusion leads to reproductive isolation in yeast
Yeast chromosomes have been fused to produce viable strains with only two chromosomes that are reproductively isolated from the sixteen-chromosome wild type, but otherwise show high fitness in mitosis and meiosis.
Jingchuan Luo, Xiaoji Sun, Brendan P. Cormack et al. | A single-cell atlas of the airway epithelium reveals the CFTR-rich pulmonary ionocyte
Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis is used to identify cell types in the tracheal epithelium, including previously unidentified ionocytes, which express high levels of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR.
Lindsey W. Plasschaert, Rapolas Žilionis, Rayman Choo-Wing et al. | Yeast chromosome numbers minimized using genome editing
Genome-editing approaches have been used to fuse 16 yeast chromosomes to produce yeast strains with only 1 or 2 chromosomes. Surprisingly, this fusion has little effect on cell fitness.
Gianni Liti | Cryo-EM of the dynamin polymer assembled on lipid membrane
A cryo-electron microscopy structure of human dynamin-1 demonstrates conformational changes and sheds light on the fission of membranes during endocytosis.
Leopold Kong, Kem A. Sochacki, Huaibin Wang et al. | Profile of an unknown airway cell
RNA sequencing of single cells in the mammalian trachea reveals a previously unknown airway cell that expresses genes involved in fluid and solute balance, and that might play a part in cystic fibrosis.
Kyle J. Travaglini, Mark A. Krasnow | Shared evolutionary origin of vertebrate neural crest and cranial placodes
Similarities between the patterning of the lateral plate in Ciona and of the neural plate ectoderm in vertebrates indicate that compartmentalization of the lateral plate ectoderm preceded the advent of vertebrates.
Ryoko Horie, Alex Hazbun, Kai Chen et al. | Stable and switchable electric polarization in two dimensions
The electric polarization of materials called ferroelectrics is often suppressed by an internal electric field, limiting uses for these materials. The discovery of a thin-film ferroelectric that is resistant to this field represents a major advance.
Turan Birol | Building C(sp3)-rich complexity by combining cycloaddition and C–C cross-coupling reactions
Combining cycloaddition and carbon–carbon cross-coupling offers a way of simplifying the enantioselective preparation of chemical building blocks, natural products and medicines such as the antipsychotic asenapine.
Tie–Gen Chen, Lisa M. Barton, Yutong Lin et al. | | | | | | 
Cell Culture Media Analysis Platform
A fully automated and integrated sample preparation workstation, the C2MAP system measures changes of 95 components in a culture supernatant as culturing progresses using LC-MS/MS to improve antibody production and accelerate process optimization.
Learn more. | | | | | | Direct arylation of strong aliphatic C–H bonds
Direct coupling of aliphatic C–H nucleophiles to aryl electrophiles is described, through the combination of light-driven polyoxometalate hydrogen atom transfer and nickel catalysis.
Ian B. Perry, Thomas F. Brewer, Patrick J. Sarver et al. | | Blue boron-bearing diamonds from Earth’s lower mantle
Mineral inclusions in blue boron-bearing diamonds reveal that such diamonds are among the deepest diamonds ever found and indicate a viable pathway for the deep-mantle recycling of crustal elements.
Evan M. Smith, Steven B. Shirey, Stephen H. Richardson et al. | | Hurricane-induced selection on the morphology of an island lizard
Two populations of Anolis lizards that survived Hurricanes Irma and Maria had larger toepads, longer forelimbs and shorter hindlimbs relative to the pre-hurricane populations, which suggests hurricane-induced natural selection.
Colin M. Donihue, Anthony Herrel, Anne-Claire Fabre et al. | | Ecosystem restructuring along the Great Barrier Reef following mass coral bleaching
Fish and invertebrate communities transformed across the span of the Great Barrier Reef following the 2016 bleaching event due to a decline in coral-feeding fishes resulting from coral loss, and because of different regional responses of key trophic groups to the direct effect of temperature.
Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Christopher J. Brown, Daniela M. Ceccarelli et al. | | The shieldin complex mediates 53BP1-dependent DNA repair
The 53BP1 effector complex shieldin is involved in non-homologous end-joining and immunoglobulin class switching, and acts to protect DNA ends to facilitate the repair of DNA by 53BP1.
Sylvie M. Noordermeer, Salomé Adam, Dheva Setiaputra et al. | | | | | |
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