Nature Neuroscience Contents: August 2018 Volume 21 Number 8

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TABLE OF CONTENTS August 2018 Volume 21, Issue 8 News & Views Articles Resources Amendments & Corrections   Advertisement Focus on Autoimmune Disease from Nature Immunology A series of Reviews specially commissioned by Nature Immunology discuss the genetic, environmental, microbial and cellular factors underpinning autoimmune disease as well as highlight avenues for therapeutic intervention.  Access free online Produced with support from Janssen Research & Development   Advertisement 2018 longlist - see the full line up The nominations for the 2018 Nature Research Awards for Inspiring Science and Innovating Science are in.  See who's been long listed here > In partnership with The Estée Lauder Companies.   News & Views   Does predictive coding have a future?    pp1019 - 1021 Karl Friston doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0200-7 FRETting over postsynaptic PKC signaling    pp1021 - 1022 Mark L. Dell’Acqua & Kevin M. Woolfrey doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0190-5 The diverse culinary habits of microglia    pp1023 - 1025 Staci D. Bilbo doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0196-z Disease strays to evolution’s bounds    pp1025 - 1026 Rosalyn J. Moran doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0199-9 Nature Neuroscience JOBS of the week Open Faculty Positions Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Postdoctoral Fellows and Research Scientist Boston Children’s Hospital / Harvard Medical School Psychology Clinical Jr. Faculty Harvard University Multiple Faculty Positions at ShanghaiTech University ShanghaiTech University Excellence in Science PhD Scholarship Award in Neuroscience UTS - University Of Technology Sydney More Science jobs from Nature Neuroscience EVENT Neurotechnologies 30.09.18 Leuven, Belgium More science events from Articles   PKCα integrates spatiotemporally distinct Ca2+ and autocrine BDNF signaling to facilitate synaptic plasticity    pp1027 - 1037 Lesley A Colgan, Mo Hu, Jaime A. Misler, Paula Parra-Bueno, Corey M. Moran et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0184-3 Through the development of novel PKC biosensors, the authors describe how PKCα, but not other classical isozymes, facilitates plasticity in dendritic regions through the integration of recent synaptic plasticity with current, local synaptic input.   Pathogenic tau-induced piRNA depletion promotes neuronal death through transposable element dysregulation in neurodegenerative tauopathies    pp1038 - 1048 Wenyan Sun, Hanie Samimi, Maria Gamez, Habil Zare & Bess Frost doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0194-1 Transposable elements, or ‘jumping genes’, constitute ~45% of the human genome. Sun et. al. report that jumping gene dysregulation is a pharmacologically targetable driver of cell death in neurodegenerative tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease.   Epigenetic regulation of brain region-specific microglia clearance activity    pp1049 - 1060 Pinar Ayata, Ana Badimon, Hayley J. Strasburger, Mary Kaye Duff, Sarah E. Montgomery et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0192-3 Microglia clearance activity in adult brain is regulated epigenetically and region-specifically to match neuronal attrition rates. Uncoupling this activity from neural apoptosis leads to aberrant microglia activation & neurodegenerative-like changes.   The maternal vaginal microbiome partially mediates the effects of prenatal stress on offspring gut and hypothalamus    pp1061 - 1071 Eldin Jašarević, Christopher D. Howard, Kathleen Morrison, Ana Misic, Tiffany Weinkopff et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0182-5 Maternal stress during pregnancy is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders. Jasarevic and colleagues show that the maternal vaginal microbiota partially mediates the lasting effects of prenatal stress on the gut and hypothalamus in mice.   Dopamine neurons create Pavlovian conditioned stimuli with circuit-defined motivational properties    pp1072 - 1083 Benjamin T. Saunders, Jocelyn M. Richard, Elyssa B. Margolis & Patricia H. Janak doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0191-4 By pairing cues with brief activation of dopamine neurons in absence of reward, the authors reveal elemental behaviors conditioned by dopamine, showing VTA underlies generation of incentive value and SNc supports conditioned movement invigoration.   Parallel circuits from the bed nuclei of stria terminalis to the lateral hypothalamus drive opposing emotional states    pp1084 - 1095 William J. Giardino, Ada Eban-Rothschild, Daniel J. Christoffel, Shi-Bin Li, Robert C. Malenka et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0198-x Using genetically encoded physiological tools for monitoring, manipulating, and mapping discrete neural circuits, Giardino et al. characterize 2 discrete amygdala→hypothalamus pathways that promote opposite behavioral responses to emotional stimuli.   Principles governing the integration of landmark and self-motion cues in entorhinal cortical codes for navigation    pp1096 - 1106 Malcolm G. Campbell, Samuel A. Ocko, Caitlin S. Mallory, Isabel I. C. Low, Surya Ganguli et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0189-y Using a combination of in vivo recording and theoretical modeling, Campbell et al. develop a framework for understanding the integration of self-motion and landmark cues in entorhinal cortex and demonstrate that these principles extend to behavior.   Fragility and volatility of structural hubs in the human connectome    pp1107 - 1116 Leonardo L. Gollo, James A. Roberts, Vanessa L. Cropley, Maria A. Di Biase, Christos Pantelis et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0188-z Gollo et al. introduce random ‘mutations’ to the human connectome to study the trade-off between complexity vs. parsimony. The cortical hubs that are most fragile to these perturbations show the strongest loss of gray matter volume in schizophrenia.   Resources   Developmental and genetic regulation of the human cortex transcriptome illuminate schizophrenia pathogenesis    pp1117 - 1125 Andrew E. Jaffe, Richard E. Straub, Joo Heon Shin, Ran Tao, Yuan Gao et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0197-y The authors surveyed gene expression across cortical development and in individuals with schizophrenia. Three-fold more risk variants influenced expression than known. Risk genes showed developmental regulation, while diagnosis changes implicated largely treatment effects.   Cell-specific histone modification maps in the human frontal lobe link schizophrenia risk to the neuronal epigenome    pp1126 - 1136 Kiran Girdhar, Gabriel E. Hoffman, Yan Jiang, Leanne Brown, Marija Kundakovic et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0187-0 This PsychENCODE resource presents 157 reference maps for open-chromatin-associated histone methylation and acetylation in prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex, linking the neuronal epigenome to the genetic risk architecture of schizophrenia.   Amendments & Corrections   Author Correction: Selective synaptic remodeling of amygdalocortical connections associated with fear memory    p1137 Yang Yang, Dan-qian Liu, Wei Huang, Juan Deng, Yangang Sun et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0180-7 Author Correction: Microglial immune checkpoint mechanisms    p1137 Aleksandra Deczkowska, Ido Amit & Michal Schwartz doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0186-1 Publisher Correction: TDP-43 gains function due to perturbed autoregulation in a Tardbp knock-in mouse model of ALS-FTD    p1138 Matthew A. White, Eosu Kim, Amanda Duffy, Robert Adalbert, Benjamin U. Phillips et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0160-y Publisher Correction: Thalamic projections sustain prefrontal activity during working memory maintenance    p1138 Scott S Bolkan, Joseph M Stujenske, Sebastien Parnaudeau, Timothy J Spellman, Caroline Rauffenbart et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0132-2 Publisher Correction: Learning by neural reassociation    p1138 Matthew D. Golub, Patrick T. Sadtler, Emily R. Oby, Kristin M. Quick, Stephen I. Ryu et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0185-2 Publisher Correction: Social deficits in Shank3-deficient mouse models of autism are rescued by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition    p1139 Luye Qin, Kaijie Ma, Zi-Jun Wang, Zihua Hu, Emmanuel Matas et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0165-6 Publisher Correction: Mutations in Vps15 perturb neuronal migration in mice and are associated with neurodevelopmental disease in humans    p1139 Thomas Gstrein, Andrew Edwards, Anna Přistoupilová, Ines Leca, Martin Breuss et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0170-9 Publisher Correction: N6-methyladenosine RNA modification regulates embryonic neural stem cell self-renewal through histone modifications    p1139 Yang Wang, Yue Li, Minghui Yue, Jun Wang, Sandeep Kumar et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0169-2 Advertisement Nature Briefing is an essential round-up of science news, opinion and analysis, free in your inbox every weekday. 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