Nature Immunology Contents: August 2018 Volume 19 Issue 8

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Advertisement Nature Research Custom Media presents a webcast on: Accurate prediction of vaccine candidates using a novel HLA-peptide-TCR-binding tool: OncopeptVAC™ and their validation by OncoPeptSCRN Date: Wednesday, July 25, 2018 Join MedGenome's webcast to learn about the advantages of using OncoPeptVAC™ for neoantigen prediction over other current methods, and assays for testing immunogenicity of predicted peptides using OncoPeptSCRN coupled with TCR repertoire profiling. This webcast has been produced on behalf of the sponsor who retains sole responsibility for content Register for FREE Sponsored by: MedGenome Inc.   TABLE OF CONTENTS August 2018 Volume 19, Issue 8 Research Highlights Correspondence News & Views Review Articles Articles Resources Amendments & Corrections   Advertisement   Ignite Your Breakthrough with Bethyl's PD-L1 Antibody Bethyl's new PD-L1 recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody has been tested in-house against several leading competitors. Manufactured on-site and designed with a 100% guarantee to work in validated applications to ensure confidence in your results. See the data & discover unparalleled performance at bethyl.com.   Advertisement AstraZeneca is in search of highly talented scientists to join the company's postdoc industrial programme. This is an excellent opportunity for early career scientists to make a significant impact in the world of science.  Read more. *ad feature   Research Highlights   Symbionts and metabolites    p787 Ioana Visan doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0170-7 Modeling AD    p787 Ioana Visan doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0171-6 Triggering myelopoiesis    p787 Laurie A. Dempsey doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0172-5 Autophagy & MDSCs    p787 Laurie A. Dempsey doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0173-4 A harmful pairing    p787 Zoltan Fehervari doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0174-3 TILs show the way    p787 Zoltan Fehervari doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0175-2 Immunology JOBS of the week Senior Bioinformatics Scientist Armauer Hansen Research Institute Postdoctoral Fellow University of California - San Francisco Faculty Positions at Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Postdoctoral Fellow (m / f) in the Rinkevich Lab Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH) Postdoctoral Fellow The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Progress and Future Challenges 12.10.18 Palermo, Italy More science events from Correspondence   Comment on: Evidence of innate lymphoid cell redundancy in humans    pp788 - 789 Jordan S. Orange, Emily M. Mace, Anthony R. French, Wayne M. Yokoyama, Todd A. Fehniger et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0164-5 Reply to ‘Comment on: Evidence of innate lymphoid cell redundancy in humans’    pp789 - 790 Eric Vivier, Fréderic Vély & Alain Fischer doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0165-4 Advertisement Do you have a career question?  The Naturejobs podcast features one-on-one Q&As, panel discussions and other exclusive content to help scientists with their careers. Hosted on the Naturejobs blog, the podcast is also available on iTunes and Soundcloud.  Listen today!    News & Views   B cells race the clock to get a second wind    pp791 - 793 Tri Giang Phan & Stuart G. Tangye doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0166-3 Co-stimulatory second signals delivered through TLRs or CD40 rescue antigen-stimulated B cells from metabolic dysfunction and apoptosis. This identifies a critical time-limited window during which B cells integrate sequential signals to successfully initiate humoral immunity.   γδ T cells and IgE team up to prevent tumors    pp793 - 795 J. Michael McGraw & Wendy L. Havran doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0167-2 In response to epithelial DNA damage, tissue-resident γδ T cells initiate and shape a tumor-protective IgE response that requires CD4+ T cells and immune effector cells expressing the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI.   An RNA checkpoint that keeps immunological memory at bay    pp795 - 797 Dimitris L. Kontoyiannis doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0168-1 What keeps memory T cells functionally silent in the absence of infection is unclear. New data reveal the existence of a deterministic halt in the protein-synthesis machinery of memory T cells and expose the discriminatory functions of a family of RNA-binding proteins.   CD8+ T cells have commitment issues    pp797 - 799 Renu Balyan, Joanna Brzostek & Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0169-0 T cell activation is 'digital': exhaustive single-cell analysis shows that only the proportion of cells that cross the activation threshold is reduced when the affinity of the TCR for its ligand is reduced.   Review Articles   Natural killer cell specificity for viral infections    pp800 - 808 Quirin Hammer, Timo Rückert & Chiara Romagnani doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0163-6 Romagnani and colleagues discuss the specific recognition of viral antigens and peptides by NK cells and its implications for the composition of the NK cell repertoire and the selection of viral variants.   Articles   The transcription factor Rfx7 limits metabolism of NK cells and promotes their maintenance and immunity    pp809 - 820 Wilson Castro, Sonia T. Chelbi, Charlène Niogret, Cristina Ramon-Barros, Suzanne P. M. Welten et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0144-9 Regulatory factor X (RFX) is a transcription factor family comprising seven known members, yet the functional roles of RFX7 remain unknown. Guarda and colleagues show that RFX7 regulates natural killer (NK) cell survival and activity by limiting their cellular metabolism.   TCRs are randomly distributed on the plasma membrane of resting antigen-experienced T cells    pp821 - 827 Benedikt Rossboth, Andreas M. Arnold, Haisen Ta, René Platzer, Florian Kellner et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0162-7 TCRs are often thought to be pre-clustered before T cell activation. Rossboth et al. use super-resolution microscopy and statistical image analysis to demonstrate that TCRs are in fact randomly distributed on resting T cells.   Translational repression of pre-formed cytokine-encoding mRNA prevents chronic activation of memory T cells    pp828 - 837 Fiamma Salerno, Sander Engels, Maartje van den Biggelaar, Floris P. J. van Alphen, Aurelie Guislain et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0155-6 Wolkers and colleagues show that the RNA-binding protein ZFP36L2 represses the translation of pre-formed cytokine-encoding mRNAs in memory T cells.   Maintenance of CD4 T cell fitness through regulation of Foxo1    pp838 - 848 Ryan H. Newton, Sharad Shrestha, Jenna M. Sullivan, Kathleen B. Yates, Ewoud B. Compeer et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0157-4 Foxo proteins are required for maintaining T cell quiescence. Turka and colleagues use a constitutively active Foxo1 in Treg cells to show that its downregulation is essential for maintaining their fitness in a competitive environment.   T cell cytolytic capacity is independent of initial stimulation strength    pp849 - 858 Arianne C. Richard, Aaron T. L. Lun, Winnie W. Y. Lau, Berthold Göttgens, John C. Marioni et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0160-9 Lymphocytes interpret antigenic signals into a functional response. Richard et al. demonstrate that the overall qualitative response by CTLs is independent of TCR ligand strength; instead, ligands determine the rate and uniformity at which CTLs respond.   Epithelial damage and tissue γδ T cells promote a unique tumor-protective IgE response    pp859 - 870 Greg Crawford, Mark David Hayes, Rocio Castro Seoane, Sophie Ward, Tim Dalessandri et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0161-8 Evidence of protective and homeostatic roles for IgE is relatively limited. Strid and colleagues demonstrate that γδ T cells induce switching to IgE that provides protection against experimentally induced epithelial cancer.   Second signals rescue B cells from activation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and death    pp871 - 884 Munir Akkaya, Javier Traba, Alexander S. Roesler, Pietro Miozzo, Billur Akkaya et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0156-5 B cells need at least two signals to terminally differentiate into antibody-secreting cells. Pierce and colleagues show that persistent exposure to antigen in the absence of T cell help or ‘pathogen pattern motifs’ leads to B cell death via a calcium-dependent ‘metabolic timer’.   Resources   Adjustment of dendritic cells to the breast-cancer microenvironment is subset specific    pp885 - 897 Paula Michea, Floriane Noël, Eve Zakine, Urszula Czerwinska, Philémon Sirven et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0145-8 Soumelis and colleagues use RNA-based sequencing to define the transcriptional signatures of DC subsets and monocytes-macrophages in human primary breast cancer.   Amendments & Corrections   Author Correction: T-bet-dependent NKp46+ innate lymphoid cells regulate the onset of TH17-induced neuroinflammation    p898 Brandon Kwong, Rejane Rua, Yuanyuan Gao, John Flickinger Jr, Yan Wang et al. doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0139-6 Publisher Correction: Macrophages: damage control    p898 Zoltan Fehervari doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0159-2 Advertisement Nature Briefing is an essential round-up of science news, opinion and analysis, free in your inbox every weekday. 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