| | Histidine catabolism is a major determinant of methotrexate sensitivity
Histidine metabolism influences the sensitivity of cancer cells to methotrexate, with mice bearing leukaemia xenografts showing increased response to the drug upon histidine supplementation.
Naama Kanarek, Heather R. Keys, Jason R. Cantor et al. | Prespliceosome structure provides insights into spliceosome assembly and regulation
The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae prespliceosome provides insights into splice-site selection and early spliceosome assembly events.
Clemens Plaschka, Pei-Chun Lin, Clément Charenton et al. | An early hominin arrival in Asia
An excavation has uncovered stone tools in China that are about 2.1 million years old. This evidence pushes back the date of the earliest established signs of a hominin species outside Africa.
John Kappelman | Hominin occupation of the Chinese Loess Plateau since about 2.1 million years ago
An Early Pleistocene artefact assemblage from the Chinese Loess Plateau indicates that hominins had left Africa by at least 2.1 million years ago, and occupied the Loess Plateau repeatedly for a long time.
Zhaoyu Zhu, Robin Dennell, Weiwen Huang et al. | Neural circuit evolved to process pheromone differently in two species of fruit fly
The males of two closely related species of fly respond differently to a female pheromone. It emerges that this difference is due to alterations in the activity of an evolutionarily conserved neural circuit in the brain.
Nicolas Gompel, Benjamin Prud’homme | Resistance-gene-directed discovery of a natural-product herbicide with a new mode of action
Fungal genome mining targeted to self-resistance genes close to biosynthetic gene clusters identifies a pathway that produces aspterric acid, which proves to be a potent inhibitor of plant growth.
Yan Yan, Qikun Liu, Xin Zang et al. | X-ray and cryo-EM structures of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter
X-ray and cryo-electron microscopy structures of fungal mitochondrial calcium uniporter proteins reveal a tetrameric architecture and shed light on the function of the channel.
Chao Fan, Minrui Fan, Benjamin J. Orlando et al. | Reprogramming human T cell function and specificity with non-viral genome targeting
A non-viral strategy to introduce large DNA sequences into T cells enables the correction of a pathogenic mutation that causes autoimmunity, and the replacement of an endogenous T-cell receptor with an engineered receptor that can recognize cancer antigens.
Theodore L. Roth, Cristina Puig-Saus, Ruby Yu et al. | Cryo-EM structure of a fungal mitochondrial calcium uniporter
A cryo-electron microscopy structure of fungal mitochondrial calcium uniporter shows that the channel is tetrameric and sheds light on channel assembly and function.
Nam X. Nguyen, Jean-Paul Armache, Changkeun Lee et al. | Cryo-EM structures of fungal and metazoan mitochondrial calcium uniporters
Structures of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter from fungal and metazoan organisms reveal a tetrameric architecture and shed light on the function of the channel.
Rozbeh Baradaran, Chongyuan Wang, Andrew Francis Siliciano et al. | Structures of human Patched and its complex with native palmitoylated sonic hedgehog
High-resolution structures of the human plasma membrane protein patched 1 alone and in complex with the native form of the ligand sonic hedgehog are determined.
Xiaofeng Qi, Philip Schmiege, Elias Coutavas et al. | Hot streaks in artistic, cultural, and scientific careers
The career trajectories of around 30,000 artists, film directors and scientists show that individuals in each domain have ‘hot streaks’ during which their works have increased impact, despite showing no increase in productivity.
Lu Liu, Yang Wang, Roberta Sinatra et al. | Evolution of a central neural circuit underlies Drosophila mate preferences
A female Drosophila melanogaster pheromone is recognized by males from both the same and a closely related species through conserved peripheral sensory neurons; the signal is then differentially propagated to promote conspecific and suppress interspecies courtship.
Laura F. Seeholzer, Max Seppo, David L. Stern et al. | Insights into clonal haematopoiesis from 8,342 mosaic chromosomal alterations
Analysis of genotyping data for more than 150,000 individuals from the UK Biobank using long-range phase information sheds light on mechanisms of clonal haematopoiesis.
Po-Ru Loh, Giulio Genovese, Robert E. Handsaker et al. | Histidine metabolism boosts cancer therapy
Clinical use of the anticancer drug methotrexate can be limited by its high toxicity. It emerges that a diet rich in the amino acid histidine increases the effectiveness of methotrexate treatment and lowers toxicity in mice.
Christian Frezza | PtdIns(4,5)P2 stabilizes active states of GPCRs and enhances selectivity of G-protein coupling
Mass spectrometry-based assays are used to reveal specificity and structural determinants of lipid binding to class A G-protein-coupled receptors, and the effects of specific lipids on receptor coupling to G proteins.
Hsin-Yung Yen, Kin Kuan Hoi, Idlir Liko et al. | Atmosphere–soil carbon transfer as a function of soil depth
This study of whole-soil carbon dynamics finds that, of the atmospheric carbon that is incorporated into the topmost metre of soil over 50 years, just 19 per cent reaches the subsoil, in a manner that depends on land use and aridity.
Jérôme Balesdent, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Joël Chadoeuf et al. | Prediction of acute myeloid leukaemia risk in healthy individuals
Individuals who are at high risk of developing acute myeloid leukaemia can be identified years before diagnosis using genetic information from blood samples.
Sagi Abelson, Grace Collord, Stanley W. K. Ng et al. | A two-million-year-long hydroclimatic context for hominin evolution in southeastern Africa
A multiple-proxy reconstruction for the catchment of the Limpopo River and of sea surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean provides evidence for hydroclimatic changes that may have been important in hominin evolution.
Thibaut Caley, Thomas Extier, James A. Collins et al. | | | Observation of half-integer thermal Hall conductance
Measurements of the thermal Hall conductance in the first excited Landau level of the quantum Hall effect show the existence of a state with non-Abelian excitations.
Mitali Banerjee, Moty Heiblum, Vladimir Umansky et al. | | | Evolution of cooperation in stochastic games
Cooperation is more likely to evolve in a public-goods-distribution game when payoffs can change between rounds so that the stakes increase when players cooperate and decrease when players defect.
Christian Hilbe, Štěpán Šimsa, Krishnendu Chatterjee et al. | | Species-specific activity of antibacterial drug combinations
Screening pairwise combinations of antibiotics and other drugs against three bacterial pathogens reveals that antagonistic and synergistic drug–drug interactions are specific to microbial species and strains.
Ana Rita Brochado, Anja Telzerow, Jacob Bobonis et al. | | Targeting STING with covalent small-molecule inhibitors
The discovery and characterization of small-molecule antagonists that inhibit the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein may help to develop therapies for the treatment of autoinflammatory disease.
Simone M. Haag, Muhammet F. Gulen, Luc Reymond et al. | | | | | |
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