Science X Newsletter Week 20

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for week 20:

	Study shows yogurt may dampen chronic inflammation linked to multiple diseases Inflammation can be good. It's part of the body's innate immune system, our first line of defense against illness and injury.
	Biologists 'transfer' a memory UCLA biologists report they have transferred a memory from one marine snail to another, creating an artificial memory, by injecting RNA from one to another. This research could lead to new ways to lessen the trauma of painful memories with RNA and to restore lost memories.
	How the gut influences neurologic disease A study published this week in Nature sheds new light on the connection between the gut and the brain, untangling the complex interplay that allows the byproducts of microorganisms living in the gut to influence the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Investigators from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) have been using both animal models and human cells from patients to tease out the key players involved in the gut-brain connection as well as in the crosstalk between immune cells and brain cells. Their new publication defines a pathway that may help guide therapies for multiple sclerosis and other neurologic diseases.
	First measurement of subatomic particle's mechanical property reveals distribution of pressure inside proton Inside every proton in every atom in the universe is a pressure cooker environment that surpasses the atom-crushing heart of a neutron star. That's according to the first measurement of a mechanical property of subatomic particles, the pressure distribution inside the proton, which was carried out by scientists at the Department of Energy's Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility.
	How social isolation transforms the brain Chronic social isolation has debilitating effects on mental health in mammals—for example, it is often associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in humans. Now, a team of Caltech researchers has discovered that social isolation causes the build-up of a particular chemical in the brain, and that blocking this chemical eliminates the negative effects of isolation. The work has potential applications for treating mental health disorders in humans.
	The first wireless flying robotic insect takes off Insect-sized flying robots could help with time-consuming tasks like surveying crop growth on large farms or sniffing out gas leaks. These robots soar by fluttering tiny wings because they are too small to use propellers, like those seen on their larger drone cousins. Small size is advantageous: These robots are cheap to make and can easily slip into tight places that are inaccessible to big drones.
	Entomologist explains why you shouldn't kill spiders in your home I know it may be hard to convince you, but let me try: Don't kill the next spider you see in your home.
	New pig virus found to be a potential threat to humans A recently identified pig virus can readily find its way into laboratory-cultured cells of people and other species, a discovery that raises concerns about the potential for outbreaks that threaten human and animal health.
	Google worker rebellion against military project grows An internal petition calling for Google to stay out of "the business of war" was gaining support Tuesday, with some workers reportedly quitting to protest a collaboration with the US military.
	Hitler definitely died in 1945 according to new study of his teeth Adolf Hitler definitely died in 1945 in Berlin, from taking cyanide and a bullet, according to French researchers who were given rare access to fragments of the dictator's teeth held in Moscow.
	Emissions of banned ozone-eating chemical somehow are rising Something strange is happening with a now-banned chemical that eats away at Earth's protective ozone layer: Scientists say there's more of it—not less—going into the atmosphere and they don't know where it is coming from.
	New quantum probability rule offers novel perspective of wave function collapse Quantum theory is based heavily on probabilities, since measuring a quantum system doesn't produce the same outcome every time, but instead yields one of many outcomes that each occur with a certain probability. Now in a new paper, physicists have presented a new quantum probability rule for assigning probabilities to measurement outcomes, or events, that essentially combines two of the most important quantum probability rules (the Born rule and the wave function collapse rule) into one.
	World's fastest water heater—100,000 degrees in under a 10th of a picosecond Scientists have used a powerful X-ray laser to heat water from room temperature to 100,000 degrees Celsius in less than a 10th of a picosecond (millionth of a millionth of a second). The experimental setup, which can be seen as the world's fastest water heater, produced an exotic state of water from which researchers hope to learn more about the peculiar characteristics of water. The observations also have practical use for the probing biological and many other samples with X-ray lasers. The team of Carl Caleman from the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) at DESY and Uppsala University (Sweden) reports its findings in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
	Six years of exercise—or lack of it—may be enough to change heart failure risk By analyzing reported physical activity levels over time in more than 11,000 American adults, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers conclude that increasing physical activity to recommended levels over as few as six years in middle age is associated with a significantly decreased risk of heart failure, a condition that affects an estimated 5 million to 6 million Americans.
	Astronomers find fastest-growing black hole known in space Astronomers at ANU have found the fastest-growing black hole known in the Universe, describing it as a monster that devours a mass equivalent to our sun every two days.
	Researchers crowdsource brain mapping with gamers, discover six new neuron types With the help of a quarter-million video game players, Princeton researchers have created and shared detailed maps of more than 1,000 neurons—and they're just getting started.
	Could a multiverse be hospitable to life? A Multiverse—where our Universe is only one of many—might not be as inhospitable to life as previously thought, according to new research.
	Scientists' discovery in Yellowstone 'extremely relevant' to origin of life Montana State University scientists have found a new lineage of microbes living in Yellowstone National Park's thermal features that sheds light on the origin of life, the evolution of archaeal life and the importance of iron in early life.
	Researchers create a quantum entanglement between two physically separated ultra-cold atomic clouds Members of the Department of Theoretical Physics and History of Science of the UPV/EHU's Faculty of Science and Technology together with researchers from the University of Hannover have achieved quantum entanglement between two spatially separated Bose-Einstein condensates, ultra-cold atomic ensembles. Led by Géza Tóth, Ikerbasque Research Professor, the study is published in Science.
	Entangled atoms shine in unison A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. This fundamental demonstration could lead to the development of highly sensitive optical gradiometers for the precise measurement of the gravitational field or the Earth's magnetic field.

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