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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for May 2, 2018:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
Astronomy & Space news
 | Helium detected in exoplanet atmosphere for the first timeAstronomers have detected helium in the atmosphere of a planet that orbits a star far beyond our solar system for the very first time. |
 | Microbes living in a toxic volcanic lake could hold clues to life on MarsResearchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have discovered microbes living in a toxic volcanic lake that may rank as one of the harshest environments on Earth. Their findings, published recently online, could guide scientists looking for signs of ancient life on Mars. |
 | NASA sending robotic geologist to Mars to dig super deepSix years after last landing on Mars, NASA is sending a robotic geologist to dig deeper than ever before to take the planet's temperature. |
 | NASA greenlights self-assembling space telescopeSure, it sounds kind of far out: a modular space telescope, nearly 100 feet across, composed of individual units launched as ancillary payloads on space missions over a period of months and years, units that will navigate autonomously to a predetermined point in space and self-assemble. |
 | Image: Airway monitoring experiment for astronautsIn recognition of World Asthma Day, here is ESA astronaut Alexander Gerst preparing to take preflight measurements for the Airway Monitoring experiment, which looks into inflammation of the airway. |
 | Elements from the stars—the unexpected discovery that upended astrophysics 66 years agoNearly 70 years ago, astronomer Paul Merrill was watching the sky through a telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory in Pasadena, California. As he observed the light coming from a distant star, he saw signatures of the element technetium. |
 | Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer ends mission after 'listening' to the universeOn May 1, NASA's Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer spacecraft reentered and burned up in Earth's atmosphere. Although not as well-known to the public as Hubble and Chandra, RXTE ranks among NASA's most successful astrophysics missions. For the past 16 years RXTE continuously "listened" to the streams of X-ray radiation coming from black holes, neutron stars and pulsars. |
 | Mining asteroids could unlock untold wealth – here's how to get startedSeveral privately funded space companies are locked in a race to claim the trillions of pounds worth of precious metals thought to exist in asteroids. The UK has now entered the race, with the Asteroid Mining Corporation becoming the first of these new firms in the country. |
Technology news
 | Using Google Street View to estimate travel patterns in citiesA study published today in PLOS ONE indicates that Google Street View has the potential to estimate how common cycling is in cities, and potentially other travel patterns too. The analysis of 2,000 Google Street View images from 1,000 random locations in each of 34 cities in Great Britain found strong agreement with data on cycling, and public transport and motorbike use from the 2011 census and annual Active People Survey. |
 | Fairness needed in algorithmic decision-making, experts sayUniversity of Toronto Ph.D. student David Madras says many of today's algorithms are good at making accurate predictions, but don't know how to handle uncertainty well. If a badly calibrated algorithm makes the wrong decision, it's usually very wrong. |
 | Robot transitions from soft to rigidEven octopuses understand the importance of elbows. When these squishy, loose-limbed cephalopods need to make a precise movement—such as guiding food into their mouth—the muscles in their tentacles contract to create a temporary revolute joint. These joints limit the wobbliness of the arm, enabling more controlled movements. |
 | Researchers develop an app for crowdsourced exercise plans, which rival personal trainers in effectivenessExercise can prevent chronic disease, boost mental health and elevate quality of life. But exercise can also be an expensive undertaking—especially for newcomers. |
 | Xerox CEO to resign in settlement with top shareholdersThe CEO of US photocopier and printer maker Xerox is stepping down to end a battle with shareholders opposed to a planned takeover by Japan's Fujifilm. |
 | Stricter FAA regulations on pilots linked to higher fares, fewer flightsWhen federal legislators passed a bill in 2010 requiring longer rest periods and more flight training for commercial airline pilots, the goal was to improve passenger safety. But a University of California, Irvine study has found that the regulations had unintended consequences: higher fares and fewer choices for air travelers. |
 | Six rules for improving city bus servicesPublic transport that is safe, efficient and effective is a core priority when it comes to city-building. While trains get a lot of attention, buses can also deliver successful public transport services – if we can overcome some common problems. |
 | Pedal power: the rise of cargo bikes in GermanyWhether they're hauling parcels or children, cargo bikes are becoming a familiar sight in German cities as the nippy, clean alternative to cars and delivery vans—and shaking up urban transport in the process. |
 | Are public objections to wind farms overblown?While most surveys suggest that the public generally supports wind and solar power, opposition from local communities and residents sometimes blocks or delays specific new projects. |
 | Claiming credit for cyberattacksThe decision to claim credit for a cyberattack on a government or institution depends on both the goals of the attack and the characteristics of the attacker, according to a study co-authored by a UConn political scientist that is one of the first to look into the voluntary claiming of cybersecurity operations. |
Investors will eye cash, production in Tesla 1Q earningsWhen Tesla releases first-quarter earnings after the closing bell on Wednesday, investors will be scrutinizing more than the bottom line. | |
 | Amazon bids for 60% stake in India's Flipkart: reportAmazon has made a formal offer to acquire a controlling stake in Indian e-commerce giant Flipkart, putting it in contention with Walmart, according to a report Wednesday on Indian network CNBC TV18. |
 | Tesla posts record 1Q loss as cash burn acceleratesTesla posted a record $709.6 million net loss in the first quarter and burned through $745.3 million in cash while struggling to crank out large numbers of its Model 3 mass-market electric car. |
 | Data firm at center of Facebook privacy scandal will closeCambridge Analytica, the Trump-affiliated data firm at the center of Facebook's worst privacy scandal in history, is declaring bankruptcy and shutting down. |
 | Spotify narrows losses as subscribers growTop music streaming platform Spotify said Wednesday that it narrowed its losses in the first quarter as it kept a steady growth of subscribers. |
 | Qantas orders six more Dreamliner planes as jumbo bows outAustralian national carrier Qantas on Wednesday ordered six Dreamliner planes from aviation giant Boeing to replace the last of its ageing jumbo jets, which have been a staple of the firm's fleet since 1971. |
Energy recovery of urban wasteThe use of urban waste for energy creation, especially the use of technologies based in gasification, is presented as a more sustainable alternative than controlled dumping at a tip. | |
 | Tumorcode, a software to simulate vascularized tumorsThe tumor vasculature is a major target of anticancer therapies. Rieger, Fredrich and Welter at Saarland University, Germany have been pursuing a quantitative analysis of the physical determinants of vascularized tumors for several years. With the help of computer simulations they have been able to recapitulate the knowledge accrued from in vitro research of tumor spheroids, animal models and clinical studies and have re-created a vascularized tumor system in silico. |
 | Giant ship transits Istanbul after laying Russia-Turkey gas lineOne of the biggest maritime vessels in the world on Wednesday transited through the Bosphorus in Istanbul after completing the first line of a new gas pipeline between Russia and Turkey beneath the Black Sea. |
 | Facebook taps advisers for audits on bias and civil rightsFacebook has enlisted two outside advisers to examine how it treats underrepresented communities and whether it has a liberal bias. |
Amazon halts Seattle construction project ahead of tax voteAmazon says it has halted construction planning on a high-rise building in Seattle while it awaits the outcome of a city proposal to tax worker hours. | |
Medicine & Health news
 | How to analyze your genome; Part I—Mitochondrial DNAGenome analysis today is basically blind. It typically proceeds by randomly inspecting a smattering of possible variants that are only loosely associated with some disease or physical trait. Unless you already have a major health problem, this kind of narrowly focused crapshoot is not likely to be a game changer for you. |
 | Scientists find fear, courage switches in brainResearchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have identified two adjacent clusters of nerve cells in the brains of mice whose activation levels upon sighting a visual threat spell the difference between a timid response and a bold or even fierce one. |
 | Research finds 'Achilles heel' for aggressive prostate cancerUC San Francisco researchers have discovered a promising new line of attack against lethal, treatment-resistant prostate cancer. Analysis of hundreds of human prostate tumors revealed that the most aggressive cancers depend on a built-in cellular stress response to put a brake on their own hot-wired physiology. Experiments in mice and with human cells showed that blocking this stress response with an experimental drug—previously shown to enhance cognition and restore memory after brain damage in rodents—causes treatment-resistant cancer cells to self-destruct while leaving normal cells unaffected. |
 | Blood type O patients may have higher risk of death from severe traumaBlood type O is associated with high death rates in severe trauma patients, according to a study published in the open access journal Critical Care that involved 901 Japanese emergency care patients. |
 | Ecstasy may relieve the agony of PTSD: studyBetter known to nightclubbers as ecstasy, the euphoria-inducing drug MDMA appears to alleviate Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in war veterans, firefighters, and police officers, researchers said Wednesday. |
 | Research identifies unconventional immune cell capable of fighting viral infectionsResearch led by the University of Birmingham has identified a novel unconventional type of immune cell capable of fighting viral infections. |
 | Brick by brick—assembly of the measles virusResearchers have been able to capture images of measles viruses as they emerge from infected cells, using state of the art cryo-electron tomography techniques. The new images will help with a greater understanding of measles and related viruses, and could give hints on antiviral drug strategies likely to work across multiple viruses of this type. |
 | Liver fix thyself—How some liver cells switch identities to build missing plumbingBy studying a rare liver disease called Alagille syndrome, scientists from Cincinnati Children's and the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) have discovered the mechanism behind an unusual form of tissue regeneration that may someday reduce the need for expensive and difficult-to-obtain organ transplants. |
 | Scientists find possible autism biomarker in cerebrospinal fluidAutism diagnosis is slow and cumbersome, but new findings linking a hormone called vasopressin to social behavior in monkeys and autism in people may change that. Low vasopressin in cerebrospinal fluid was related to less sociability in both species, indicating the hormone may be a biomarker for autism. |
 | Nurses' care of young mothers leaves traces in babies' DNAResearchers have known for a couple of decades that early life adversity can affect the way that particular genes function through a process called epigenetics—a bit like a dimmer switch on a light, pushing gene activity up or down. What they haven't been able to show until now is that positive early life experiences can have a similar effect, and that these effects can be seen over thirty years later. |
 | Where brain cells get their information may determine their roles in diseasesIf 95 percent of your neighbors are chatty and outgoing, you probably know more about them than the 5 percent who are reclusive and shy. It's similar for neuroscientists who study the striatum, a brain region associated with action control and learning: they know a lot more about the 95 percent of neurons that communicate with other outside regions than the 5 percent that communicate only within the striatum. |
 | Study sheds light on how 'dopamine neurons' contribute to memory formation in humansResearch from Cedars-Sinai sheds light on how the human brain rapidly forms new memories, providing insights into potential new treatments for memory disorders. |
 | Heart disease symptoms improved by blocking immune cell migrationNew research led by investigators at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center suggests that the location of immune cells in the body determines whether they help or harm the development of heart disease. The study supports the view that the immune system directly impacts heart failure—still the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States. |
 | Frequent sauna bathing reduces risk of strokeFrequent sauna bathing is associated with a reduced risk of stroke, according to a new international study. In a 15-year follow-up study, people taking a sauna four to seven times a week were 61 per cent less likely to suffer a stroke than those taking a sauna once a week. This is the first prospective large-scale study on this topic, and the findings were reported in Neurology. |
 | How a small molecule halts the spread of a toxic protein associated with Alzheimer's progressionAlzheimer's disease destroys brain cells in part by promoting the formation of insoluble clumps that contain a protein called tau. Not only are these "tau aggregates" toxic for the cells that harbor them, but they also invade and destroy neighboring brain cells, or neurons, which speeds the cognitive decline associated with the Alzheimer's. |
 | Vitamin D improves weight gain and brain development in malnourished childrenHigh dose vitamin D supplements improve weight gain and the development of language and motor skills in malnourished children, according to a study led by University of the Punjab, Pakistan, and Queen Mary University of London. |
Most academic institutions unprepared to meet new HHS clinical trial reporting regulationsAcademic institutions have been slow to adhere to new, stricter requirements by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) for clinical trial registration and reporting, according to a study led by researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. | |
Bloomberg era's emphasis on 'health in all policies' improved New Yorkers' heart healthFrom 2002 to 2013, New York City implemented a series of policies prioritizing the public's health in areas beyond traditional healthcare policies and illustrated the potential to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. This strategy is known as employing a "health in all policies" approach. Researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health catalogued health-relevant legislation in New York City from 1998 to 2017 and found that 7.4 percent of the 3,745 pieces of legislation introduced during the Bloomberg Administration had the potential to impact New Yorker's cardiovascular health. The researchers focused on four categories of factors associated with cardiovascular health: air pollution exposure, physical activity, dietary intake, and tobacco smoke exposure—the one most targeted by legislative efforts. The results are published online in the journal Cities and Health. | |
 | Infants exposed to hepatitis C increasing, yet not adequately screened, study findsDue to the opioid epidemic, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is increasingamong pregnant women, resulting in a greater risk of perinatal transmission and HCV infection among children. Despite this increased prevalence, HCV-exposed infants are not adequately screened and many pediatric HCV infections remain undetected, according to a new study from researchers at Magee-Womens Research Institute (MWRI). |
Risk factors involved in the early onset and severity of childhood obesityA family history of obesity, high blood pressure, high blood lipid levels, type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease should all be considered high risk factors for the early onset and severity of obesity in children, reveals a new study. | |
 | New leads on treating dementia and Alzheimer'sA new study by scientists in Australia and the US provides an explanation for why clinical trials of drugs targeting proteins in the brain that were thought to cause dementia and Alzheimer's have failed. The study has opened the way for potential new treatments with existing drugs. |
Seeking the truth on female genital cuttingA new study by anthropologists at the University of Bristol will help campaigners to closely target their work in eradicating female genital cutting (FGC). | |
 | Study shows why bosses cut some employees slack for unethical behaviorImagine—or perhaps you don't have to—that you're at work and feeling very tired. You're nearing the deadline on an important project, and you've stayed late at the office every day for weeks. Perhaps because you're feeling so fatigued, when you submit an expense report for a recent lunch, you may round up just a smidge. |
 | A better understanding of brain tumour biology will bring new treatmentsOur brains are home to a staggering 86 billion or so cells that are carefully woven into the structure that lets us think, feel and live. |
 | Virtual drug trials boost resultsBringing a new drug to market can cost more than two billion dollars. Not to mention years of work spent developing and testing for scientists, researchers, doctors, and trial participants. By bringing trials to the virtual realm, Belinda H. Tan '96 has found a way to cut all that in half. |
Engineering a safer antibody drugAn innovative approach to protein engineering could help make antibody-based drug therapies less toxic and more effective. | |
 | Technique that characterizes different immune cell groups in individual patients could revolutionize cancer treatmentsA pioneering technique developed by A*STAR researchers can identify and profile specific groups of immune cells that target cancer cells in individual patients. This approach could open the door to personalized cancer treatments. |
 | DNA facial prediction could make protecting your privacy more difficultEverywhere we go, we leave behind bits of DNA. |
 | Five amazing ways redesigning biological cells could help us fight cancerCancer is the leading cause of death in the world. It occurs when mutations in our cells lead to unchecked growth. But what if we could engineer biological cells to fight back? |
Scrapping radiology appointments in favour of a walk-in system increases patient and staff satisfactionThe use of business administration models can improve radiology processes in hospitals. This is the finding of a study carried out by Jasper van Sambeek, who will be defending his Ph.D. thesis at the University of Twente on 4 May. Van Sambeek showed, for example, that scrapping appointments in favour of walk-in systems enabled departments to deal with patients requiring CT scans more quickly. At the same time, capacity utilization rates remained the same or even increased. | |
 | Migrant farm workers vulnerable to sexual violenceAfter Teresa filed a report against her farm employer for sexual assault, he asked her how much money it would take for her to retract her statement. In the spring of 2014, Teresa (not her real name) was attacked by her boss on his farm in British Columbia. |
 | Drug rehab—what works and what to keep in mind when choosing a private treatment providerThe public alcohol and drug system is chronically underfunded. About 200,000 people receive treatment for alcohol or other drug problems each year in Australia, but the demand is estimated at closer to 500,000. The result is long waiting lists for some publicly funded treatment, or people choosing private services to fill the gap. |
 | I go to the gym every day. Why can't I lose weight?Liz is a typical 50-something woman, fit, 70 kg, 30% body fat. She goes to the gym every day, and runs for 35 minutes on the treadmill at 10km/h. But, as she tells me rather often, she can't lose weight. So what's going on here? Is it Liz, or is it the universe conspiring against her? |
 | How to check your unconscious biasesDiversity expert Howard Ross recounted a time when he dismissed a fellow air traveller—bearded, heavy-set, flannel-shirted and with a car magazine in hand—as a seatmate with whom he should studiously avoid getting locked into conversation. In the last minutes of the flight, he found out the man was a radiologist with a research interest similar to his own. A victim of his own biases, Ross regretted the lost opportunity. |
 | Could soccer headgear reduce concussion risk? First-ever ratings say yes.Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. And participation is rising in the United States, where it's widely considered a safer alternative to other contact sports like football, which is facing heightened scrutiny as media coverage of brain injuries among NFL players has trained a spotlight on the sport's risks. |
Research sheds light on federal cuts' potential impact on heart proceduresA team of researchers from the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine have used nationwide databases to evaluate recent trends in heart transplantation, left ventricular device implantation, in-hospital mortality, the economic burden of these procedures, and the impact of proposed Medicare and Medicaid cuts on the end-stage heart failure landscape. The results, published today in JACC: Heart Failure, provide an unfavorable impact that the predicted $473 billion and $1.3 trillion federal cuts on Medicare and Medicaid spending over the next decade could have for heart transplant and LVAD-implanted patients. | |
 | New tools to boost the delivery of drugs to cancer tumoursThe treatment of cancer tumours is made complex by their microenvironment and the abnormalities of the blood vessels sustaining them. The EU-funded NeoNaNo project has developed methods to improve drug delivery to tumours and improve the efficacy of anticancer therapy. |
 | Improved drug combinations to combat the antibiotics crisisAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), antibiotic-resistant pathogens could soon become one of the most dramatic threats to public health. While the arsenal of effective antibacterial drugs shrinks further, the development of new drugs is occurring at a far too slow pace. In addition, the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance will most likely make the new drugs ineffective within short time periods. Faced with this threatening situation, scientists hope to be able to maintain and improve the effectiveness of existing antibiotics, through the targeted combination of certain active agent properties. An international research team led by the Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics research group at Kiel University has now, for the first time, presented a systematic experimental analysis of the effectiveness of various antibiotic combinations against the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The researchers discovered that certain properties of an antibiotic combination are crucial for the efficacy of treatment. The researchers published their innovative model for "Antibiotic Combination Efficacy" (ACE) in the current issue of the journal PLOS Biology. |
 | Having a severe mental illness often means dying before your timePeople with severe mental illness have at least a two-and-a-half times higher risk of dying than the general population. In essence, people with severe mental illness are dying for the same sorts of reasons as the rest of the us – but there are more of them and they are dying younger. We examined the causes of deaths of almost 400,000 people over ten years to try and find out why. |
 | How a better understanding of the seven ages of appetite could help us stay healthyDo you eat to live or live to eat? We have a complicated relationship with food, influenced by cost, availability, even peer pressure. But something we all share is appetite – our desire to eat. Increased appetite might have a physical or psychological dimension, but while hunger – our body's way of making us desire food when it needs feeding – is a part of appetite, it is not the only factor. After all, we often eat when we're not hungry, or may skip a meal despite pangs of hunger. Recent research has highlighted that the abundance of food cues – smells, sounds, advertising – in our environment is one of the main causes of overconsumption. |
 | Folic acid in pregnancy: MTHFR gene explains why benefits may differIt's generally recommended that all women should take folic acid, both while they're trying to get pregnant and during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. This is because folic acid is considered to be very important for the development of a healthy foetus. |
 | In Brazil, patients risk everything for the 'right to beauty'In the U.S., if you want a face lift or a tummy tuck, it's generally assumed that you'll be paying out of pocket. Insurance will tend to cover plastic surgery only when the surgery is deemed "medically necessary" and not merely aesthetic. |
 | Let's get physical: Breast cancer survivors on the movePhysical activity is an effective way to help improve the many mental and physical side effects of breast cancer treatment. Yet, studies show up to 70 per cent of breast cancer survivors are not getting enough activity. |
Teen tanning addiction afflicts minorities in Los AngelesTanning addiction plagues teenage minorities in Los Angeles, and that dependency is associated with marijuana abuse, obsessive-compulsive disorder and other mental health issues, a Keck School of Medicine of USC study reports. | |
Orange county teen dating violence is twice the national averageOrange County teens are facing varied and more frequent types of dating violence than any generation before them. Chapman University researchers have partnered with Orange County domestic violence agency Laura's House to determine how prevalent this issue is amongst teens to aid prevention efforts. | |
 | UK: 450,000 women missed out on breast cancer testBritain's health minister apologized Wednesday for what he called a "serious failure" that resulted in hundreds of thousands of women in England not being invited to a screening test for breast cancer. |
 | Deaths preventable if reach of asthma medicines increasedAround the world an estimated 1,000 people a day die of asthma related conditions, with some 340 million affected by this common chronic disease. |
 | Drinkers support clearer labelling on alcohol productsNew research led by the University of Bristol has found that drinkers support clearer labelling of alcohol products, including the provision of unit, calorie and health information, which would address current gaps in public knowledge. |
 | New drug to tame violent patientsAustralian paramedics are leading the world by introducing a new drug, droperidol, to quickly and safely calm violent patients fueled by alcohol and drugs. |
 | Researchers find gut microbiome plays an important role in atherosclerosisResearchers at Western University and Lawson Health Research Institute have shown a novel relationship between the intestinal microbiome and atherosclerosis, one of the major causes of heart attack and stroke. This was measured as the burden of plaque in the carotid arteries. |
 | New research shows that children with autism are able to create imaginary friendsPlaying with an imaginary companion (IC) helps children learn essential social skills such as empathy with other people. It is often believed that autistic youngsters are incapable of creating pretend play pals—a further hindrance to their development of emotional understanding. |
The DES saga: Death risk high for young women exposed in uteroA letter from three University of Chicago researchers in this week's New England Journal of Medicine updates a 47-year-old series of reports on the risks of exposure during pregnancy to a supplement, diethylstilbestrol (DES), that was once widely used but since 1971 has been linked to a rare cancer: clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix. | |
An ironic health care twist for undocumented immigrantsThey're in the country illegally. Or maybe they had protected status before, but lost it due to policy changes by the current presidential administration. | |
 | Discovery could lead to personalized medical therapies for emerging food allergy disorderScientists at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center have uncovered three distinct subtypes of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), an emerging food allergic disease. The discovery provides a framework for developing precision medicines to treat this often-debilitating disorder. |
 | The other opioid crisis: shortages at U.S. hospitals(HealthDay)—U.S. hospitals are running short of the injectable opioids and anesthesia drugs that most surgery patients need during and after their procedures, a new survey shows. |
 | Heart-stopping condition could come with warning signsA heart-stopping condition that causes about half of all cardiovascular-related deaths seems to happen in an instant, with no symptoms. |
 | Some reasons to work with a dietitian(HealthDay)—Want customized diet advice to make your weight or health goals attainable? Consider working with an RD—a registered dietitian. |
 | In retinoblastoma survivors, oculo-visual issues tied to QoL(HealthDay)—Oculo-visual problems among adult retinoblastoma survivors are associated with patient-reported vision-targeted health-related quality of life (HRQoL), according to a study published online April 26 in JAMA Ophthalmology. |
 | Palliative care consult can cut hospital costs in seriously ill(HealthDay)—For hospitalized adults with serious illness, receiving a palliative care consultation (PCC) is associated with a reduction in hospital costs, according to a review published online April 30 in JAMA Internal Medicine. |
 | Breast cancer places greater financial burden on black womenHaving breast cancer placed a significantly greater financial strain on black women than white women, according to study by researchers at the University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. |
 | Pilot study validates artificial intelligence to help predict school violenceA pilot study indicates that artificial intelligence may be useful in predicting which students are at higher risk of perpetrating school violence. |
Medical aid-in-dying laws are increasing, but substantial barriers to access remainMedical aid-in-dying is now legal in eight U.S. jurisdictions, but patients still face substantial barriers to access, according to a new analysis by Dr. Mara Buchbinder of the University of North Carolina School of Medicine. | |
 | Whooping cough more widespread than previously knownNew research from Public Health Ontario (PHO) and the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) suggests that whooping cough cases in Ontario are happening much more frequently than previously known, reinforcing the importance of up-to-date vaccinations to protect against illness and the spread of disease. |
 | Psychologists: 'There is no alternative to free speech'Colleges and universities across the country are struggling with the question of who decides what is acceptable speech on campus. When does a controversial topic become hate speech? When should it be allowed as free speech? |
Understanding fear of guilt key in better treating OCDAdvances in our understanding of the development and persistence of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) have the potential to improve treatment according to a new study by the University of Waterloo. | |
 | Pill expiration dates can have wiggle room if stored rightJust how firm are expiration dates on bottles of allergy or pain pills? Probably not as crucial as the "Best By" date on milk cartons. |
Californians warned about risk from British Columbia oystersCalifornia health officials say about 100 people statewide have contracted norovirus in the past week after eating raw oysters from British Columbia, Canada. | |
For patients with esophageal cancer, status of lymph nodes after preoperative therapy determines survivalAccording to a new study, the status of lymph nodes rather than the status of the primary tumor following preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation therapy is the most important factor that determines whether patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer will survive. The study presented at the American Association for Thoracic Surgery's 98th Annual Meeting indicates that while preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy improve the survival of patients with esophageal cancer, patients with malignant lymph nodes following therapy were less likely to survive than patients with no cancer in the lymph nodes. | |
Nigeria bans codeine cough syrups over addiction fearsNigeria has banned cough syrups containing the painkiller codeine because of concern about misuse and addiction, the government said. | |
 | Drugmaker Novo Nordisk profits jump in diabetes scourgeDanish drugmaker Novo Nordisk, the world's leading insulin provider, on Wednesday reported a six percent jump in net profit in the first quarter, as the global onslaught of diabetes continued to grow. |
Trump 'dictated' his own glowing health report: doctorAs a presidential candidate Donald Trump quoted a letter from his former personal doctor gushing about his apparently excellent health—a note the physician now says the president "dictated" himself. | |
 | Rapid-infection diagnosis now a reality thanks to startup cofounded by UAH professorBiotechnology startup GeneCapture Inc. has successfully demonstrated a completely new process for rapidly determining the genetic signature of a pathogen. The disposable test cartridge is about the size of a smartphone and can analyze a human or animal sample to detect the presence of a broad range of specific bacteria, viruses, or fungi in less than an hour. Signature probes for newly discovered or mutated pathogens can be also added to the cartridge in just a few days. |
Study provides insight into making a mobile app to encourage routine HIV testingA mobile app that aims to encourage getting tested for HIV on a regular basis among men who have sex with men should include an HIV test location finder and help them track their sexual activities, according to research by the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Office of Public Health Studies (OPHS) in collaboration with the University of Minnesota. | |
 | Treating infectious disease with the help of antimicrobial peptidesAgainst the backdrop of increasing antibiotic resistance, the FORMAMP project has trialled nanotechnology-based delivery systems and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), to deliver new tools in the fight against infectious diseases. |
Iowa lawmakers approve the most restrictive US abortion billRepublican lawmakers with control of the Iowa statehouse fast-tracked a bill early Wednesday that would ban most abortions once a fetal heartbeat is detected, usually around six weeks of pregnancy, sending what could be the nation's most restrictive abortion legislation to the governor. | |
Investigational heart failure therapy seeks to stimulate body's natural healing responseThe University of Minnesota is the first institution in the state to participate in the phase III clinical trial for CardiAmp Therapy. Previous clinical studies of this therapy have been promising and have shown improvements in patients' quality of life and heart function. | |
 | Researchers developing device to enable pregnant women to detect serious health complicationsPurdue University researchers are developing an app and wearable technology to enable pregnant women to use a smartphone to detect whether they have or are susceptible to a condition that could lead to serious health complications for them or their unborn child. |
Weight loss surgery may cause significant skeletal health problemsA new JBMR Plus review examines the negative impacts of weight loss surgery on bone health. | |
 | PD-L1 expression in medulloblastoma: An evaluation by subgroupThis study evaluated the expression of PD-L1 and markers of immune mediated resistance in human medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. |
 | Electrical nerve stimulation could help patients regain motor functions soonerResearchers at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center are among the first in the world studying how a specific type of neurostimulator can improve rehabilitation for stroke patients. |
Mixed progress on drug resistance in A. baumannii infections in childrenIn the first national study of the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in children across the US, researchers from Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics, & Policy (CDDEP) in Washington, DC and Rush University in Chicago, IL examined national and regional trends of antibiotic resistance in clinical specimens over a 13-year period. While there was an overall increase between 1999 and 2012 in the proportion of isolates of A. baumannii that were resistant to cephalosporin and carbapenem, the authors noted a slight decline after a peak in 2008. The decrease may be attributable to a combination of antibiotic stewardship guidelines released in 2007 and infection control guidance specifically designed to combat multi-drug resistant A. baumannii in healthcare settings. | |
First US death in tainted romaine lettuce outbreakUS health authorities on Wednesday reported the first death in an outbreak of E.coli bacteria in romaine lettuce that has sickened 121 people across the United States. | |
Biology news
 | Extreme mobility of mantis shrimp eyesNew research, led by biologists from the University of Bristol, has uncovered fresh findings about the most mobile eyes in the animal kingdom - the eyes of the mantis shrimp. |
 | Wood frogs' No. 1 option: Hold in pee all winter to surviveIf you've ever been unable to find a bathroom in a moment of need, you know the gotta-go feeling. That's nothing compared to the wood frog, which doesn't urinate all winter. |
 | A physical basis for the cognitive process of decision-makingIn experiments studying how fruit flies distinguish between ever closer concentrations of an odour, the researchers led by Professor Gero Miesenböck had previously identified a tiny minority of about 200 nerve cells in the brain as critical for decision-making. |
 | Tuneable genetic 'clocks' might lead to improved biotech strategiesImperial scientists have worked out how to fine-tune cellular clocks, which might lead to optimised production of drugs, biofuels and other chemicals. |
 | Amazon river dolphins in steep decline: study (Update)Two kinds of river dolphins are dying off fast in the Amazon region, and may face extinction unless they are more vigorously protected against fishing, researchers in Brazil said Wednesday. |
 | Plants can use underground communication to find out when neighbors are stressedCorn seedlings that grow close together give off underground signals that impact the growth of nearby plants, reports a study published May 2, 2018 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Velemir Ninkovic from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden, and colleagues. |
 | DNA sequences suggest 250 people made up original Native American founding populationA University of Kansas anthropological geneticist is part of an international research team working to shed light upon one of the unanswered questions concerning the peopling of the New World: Namely, what was the size of the original founding population of the Americas? |
 | Clearwing moths found to fly like bees to enhance deception (Update)A team of researchers with members from Poland, Australia and the U.S. has found that some types of clearwing moths fly like bees to avoid predators. In their paper published in the journal Biology Letters, the group describes their study of the insects in Southeast Asian rainforests and what they found. |
 | Higher humpback whale pregnancy rates suggest they are reboundingA team of researchers with members from several institutions in the U.S. has found that pregnancy rates for humpback whales living near Antarctica are increasing. In their paper published in Royal Society Open Science, the group describes studying the whales and what the increased rates may mean for them. |
 | New way for scientists to see how cells moveScientists have developed a new way to see inside individual cells, and study how they move and operate inside the human body. |
 | Bats go quiet during fall mating seasonGiving someone the "silent treatment" during courtship might not be the best strategy for romance. But, new research shows hoary bats fly with little or no echolocation at all as a possible mating-related behavior. |
 | Missing sharks found through DNA in water samplesAs sharks disappear from key locations, scientists are using environmental DNA to find a small number that may actually be hanging on. |
 | Plant breeders balance shared innovation, revenueHave you thanked a crop breeder today? |
 | Rethinking the umbrella species conceptAccording to the "umbrella species" concept, preserving and managing habitat for a single high-profile species also benefits a whole suite of other species that share its habitat—but how well does this really work? Not all species that share the same general habitat necessarily have the same specific needs, and a new study from The Condor: Ornithological Applications finds that habitat management to benefit Greater-Sage Grouse in Wyoming can actually harm some of its songbird neighbors. |
 | Wintering warblers choose agriculture over forestEffective conservation for long-distance migrants requires knowing what's going on with them year-round—not just when they're in North America during the breeding season. A new study from The Condor: Ornithological Applications uncovers Yellow Warblers' surprising habitat preferences in their winter home in Mexico and raises questions about what their use of agricultural habitat could mean for their future. |
 | Is your genome really your own? The public and forensic value of DNAWhen Joseph DeAngelo was arrested in the United States last month over a series of 30-year-old murders and assaults, attention quickly focused on how the suspect was found. |
 | The effect of gut microbes on the mouse brain depends on both sex and stage of developmentImmune cells in a mouse's brain react differently to changes in gut-dwelling bacteria depending on whether the mouse is male or female and whether it is a fetus or an adult, A*STAR researchers have found. This discovery has potential implications for brain development and disorders. |
 | Scientists study declining numbers of bonefish in high-stress watersAnglers in South Florida are catching fewer bonefish. FIU scientists believe answers could be found in Cuba. |
 | New research warns of a resistance gene at risk in oilseed rapeA new study by University of Hertfordshire researchers has discovered that an important source of gene resistance against one of the leading pathogens of oilseed rape, Phoma stem canker, is becoming less effective, which could lead to substantial losses to the oilseed rape breeding industry and to arable farmers in the UK. |
 | Over 10,000 endangered tortoises are rescued in MadagascarInternational conservationists in Madagascar have been treating more than 10,000 critically endangered radiated tortoises that were seized from traffickers who crammed the creatures into a home with no access to food or water. |
 | Bacteria may be powerful weapon against antibiotic resistanceWhen I was a child, my parents gave me a sweet pink syrup to destroy the bacteria causing my sore throat. That memory is a testament to the power of antibiotics. But, through my research as a microbiologist over the past few years, I've learned that not only are some microbes immune to antibiotics but they can actually "eat" these drugs, using them as a nutritious food to grow and multiply. |
Study shows drug comes up short in osteoarthritis pain reliefMorris Animal Foundation-funded researchers from the University of Georgia, have found that tramadol was ineffective in alleviating signs of pain associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. The research team published their results in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. | |
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