Nature Neuroscience Contents: June 2018 Volume 21 Number 6

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Advertisement Do you have a career question?  The Naturejobs podcast features one-on-one Q&As, panel discussions and other exclusive content to help scientists with their careers. Hosted on the Naturejobs blog, the podcast is also available on iTunes and Soundcloud.  Listen today! TABLE OF CONTENTS June 2018 Volume 21, Issue 6 News & Views Perspectives Brief Communications Articles Resources Technical Reports Amendments & Corrections   Advertisement Nominations now open!  Who are the future leading women in science? The Nature Research Awards for Inspiring Science and Innovating Science are now open for nominations.  Find out more about these awards and nominate your inspiration >> In partnership with The Estée Lauder Companies.   News & Views   Beyond the maternal epigenetic legacy    pp773 - 774 Frances A. Champagne doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0157-6 Synaptic homeostasis: quality vs. quantity    pp774 - 776 Kimberly M. Huber doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0159-4 Sculpting light to reveal brain function    pp776 - 778 Adam E. Cohen & Samouil L. Farhi doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0158-5 Neuroscience JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Scientist position Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS (IOCB Prague) Postdoctoral Position in Neuroscience Tel Aviv University Several PhD Scholarships at FRESCO@CNAP, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, Aalborg University Multiple Faculty Positions at ShanghaiTech University ShanghaiTech University Associate Director, Early Target Discovery Takeda More Science jobs from Neuroscience EVENT Methods in Computational Neuroscience 29.07.18 Woods Hole, USA More science events from Perspectives   Microglial immune checkpoint mechanisms    pp779 - 786 Aleksandra Deczkowska, Ido Amit & Michal Schwartz doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0145-x Microglial immune checkpoint mechanisms are signaling pathways that limit immune responsiveness and promote homeostatic activities of micrroglia throughout life, but can interfere with repair mechanisms in disease.   What does dopamine mean?    pp787 - 793 Joshua D. Berke doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0152-y In this Perspective, Josh Berke discusses recent developments in the study of dopamine function. He proposes a model that explains how dopamine can serve as both a learning signal and as a critical modulator of motivated decision-making.   Advertisement Innovations In: The Biggest Questions in Science Read our new special report on the nature of spacetime, the origin of life, the source of consciousness, and other fundamental questions in science. Access free online Produced with support from: The Kavli Prize      Brief Communications   Genome-wide distribution of linker histone H1.0 is independent of MeCP2    pp794 - 798 Aya Ito-Ishida, Hari Krishna Yamalanchili, Yingyao Shao, Steven A. Baker, Laura D. Heckman et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0155-8 Whether MeCP2 competes with linker histone H1 for DNA binding has never been tested in vivo. Ito-Ishida et al. performed ChIP-seq on MeCP2 and Flag-H1.0 in mouse forebrain neurons and reveal that their genomic distributions are largely independent.   mTORC2, but not mTORC1, is required for hippocampal mGluR-LTD and associated behaviors    pp799 - 802 doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0156-7 mTORC1 was posited as required for hippocampal mGluR-LTD at CA1 synapses based on its pharmacological inhibition with rapamycin. Using molecular genetics, the authors show that mTORC2 but not mTORC1 is required for mGluR-LTD and associated behaviors.   Chronic CRH depletion from GABAergic, long-range projection neurons in the extended amygdala reduces dopamine release and increases anxiety    pp803 - 807 Nina Dedic, Claudia Kühne, Mira Jakovcevski, Jakob Hartmann, Andreas J. Genewsky et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0151-z The neuropeptide CRH is believed to induce aversive, stress-like behavioral responses. Here the authors describe a distinct population of CRH neurons in the extended amygdala that act to suppress anxiety by positively modulating dopamine release.   Attention improves memory by suppressing spiking-neuron activity in the human anterior temporal lobe    pp808 - 810 doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0148-7 Wittig et al. show that attention in the service of verbal memory triggers a preparatory suppression of neural activity in the human anterior temporal lobe, suggesting that this region is a novel and unexpected source of attentional control.   Articles   A molecular network of the aging human brain provides insights into the pathology and cognitive decline of Alzheimer’s disease    pp811 - 819 Sara Mostafavi, Chris Gaiteri, Sarah E. Sullivan, Charles C. White, Shinya Tasaki et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0154-9 The authors constructed and validated a molecular network of the aging human cortex from RNA sequencing data from 478 individuals and identified genes that affect cognitive decline or neuropathology in Alzheimer’s disease.   Complex formation between the vasopressin 1b receptor, β-arrestin-2, and the μ-opioid receptor underlies morphine tolerance    pp820 - 833 Taka-aki Koshimizu, Kenji Honda, Sachi Nagaoka-Uozumi, Atsuhiko Ichimura, Ikuo Kimura et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0144-y Chronic morphine use can lead to tolerance and AC superactivation. This paper identifies a molecular mechanism by which V1bR signaling promotes this process, providing a potential approach to enhance morphine analgesia without increasing tolerance.   A neural network for intermale aggression to establish social hierarchy    pp834 - 842 Stefanos Stagkourakis, Giada Spigolon, Paul Williams, Jil Protzmann, Gilberto Fisone et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0153-x Social rank determines access to feeding and breeding opportunities. Stagkourakis et al. identify an intrinsically amplifying hypothalamic circuit that can generate intermale attack and aggression reward to influence hierarchical status among males.   Two distinct mechanisms for experience-dependent homeostasis    pp843 - 850 Michelle C. D. Bridi, Roberto de Pasquale, Crystal L. Lantz, Yu Gu, Andrew Borrell et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0150-0 The authors revise the classical view that homeostasis of neuronal activity is achieved by negative firing rate feedback: during sensory deprivation, homeostasis occurs via the sliding threshold, which acts via firing patterns rather than rates.   Distinct learning-induced changes in stimulus selectivity and interactions of GABAergic interneuron classes in visual cortex    pp851 - 859 Adil G. Khan, Jasper Poort, Angus Chadwick, Antonin Blot, Maneesh Sahani et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0143-z Khan et al. simultaneously measured activity from excitatory cells and three classes of inhibitory interneurons in visual cortex and show that learning differentially shapes the stimulus selectivity and interactions of multiple cell classes.   Prefrontal cortex as a meta-reinforcement learning system    pp860 - 868 Jane X. Wang, Zeb Kurth-Nelson, Dharshan Kumaran, Dhruva Tirumala, Hubert Soyer et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0147-8 Humans and other mammals are prodigious learners, partly because they also ‘learn how to learn’. Wang and colleagues present a new theory showing how learning to learn may arise from interactions between prefrontal cortex and the dopamine system.   Resources   Neuronal atlas of the dorsal horn defines its architecture and links sensory input to transcriptional cell types    pp869 - 880 Martin Häring, Amit Zeisel, Hannah Hochgerner, Puneet Rinwa, Jon E. T. Jakobsson et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0141-1 Using single-cell RNA-seq, the authors produced a comprehensive atlas of the somatosensory spinal cord. They found that neuron types build the dorsal horn by a discrete layering and to be differentially engaged by noxious heat and cold.   Technical Reports   Precise multimodal optical control of neural ensemble activity    pp881 - 893 Alan R. Mardinly, Ian Antón Oldenburg, Nicolas C. Pégard, Savitha Sridharan, Evan H. Lyall et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0139-8 The authors present a new approach to create and edit custom spatiotemporal neural activity patterns in awake, behaving animals with extremely high spatial and temporal precision. They present novel opsins optimized for multiphoton optogenetics.   Amendments & Corrections   Author Correction: CRISPR interference-based specific and efficient gene inactivation in the brain    p894 Yi Zheng, Wei Shen, Jian Zhang, Bo Yang, Yao-Nan Liu et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0125-1 Author Correction: Stay alert, don’t get hurt    p894 Stephen V. Mahler doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0111-7 Author Correction: Circuit dissection of the role of somatostatin in itch and pain    p894 Jing Huang, Erika Polgár, Hans Jürgen Solinski, Santosh K. Mishra, Pang-Yen Tseng et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0149-6 Author Correction: The hippocampus as a predictive map    p895 Kimberly L Stachenfeld, Matthew M Botvinick & Samuel J Gershman doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0133-1 Publisher Correction: Medial preoptic circuit induces hunting-like actions to target objects and prey    p895 Sae-Geun Park, Yong-Cheol Jeong, Dae-Gun Kim, Min-Hyung Lee, Anna Shin et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0115-3 Publisher Correction: An interactive framework for whole-brain maps at cellular resolution    p895 Daniel Fürth, Thomas Vaissière, Ourania Tzortzi, Yang Xuan, Antje Märtin et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0058-0 Publisher Correction: A craniofacial–specific monosynaptic circuit enables heightened affective pain    p896 Erica Rodriguez, Katsuyasu Sakurai, Jennie Xu, Yong Chen, Koji Toda et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0103-7 Publisher Correction: Temporally precise single-cell-resolution optogenetics    p896 Or A. Shemesh, Dimitrii Tanese, Valeria Zampini, Changyang Linghu, Kiryl Piatkevich et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0097-1 Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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