Nature contents: 31 May 2018

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Volume 557 Issue 7707   This Week       Editorial         Brexit uncertainty threatens fusion-energy research Stem-cell tests must show success Police use a computer to expose false testimony   World View         Before reproducibility must come preproducibility Philip B. Stark Research Highlights         This issue's Research Highlights Selections from the scientific literature. Seven Days         Bear hunt, right-to-try law and dark-matter disappointment

News in Focus   News         ‘Reprogrammed’ stem cells approved to mend human hearts for the first time David Cyranoski Muons: the little-known particles helping to probe the impenetrable Elizabeth Gibney Share of African American men going into medicine hits historic low Giorgia Guglielmi Innovative zero-emissions power plant begins battery of tests Jeff Tollefson Rush to protect lucrative antibody patents kicks into gear Heidi Ledford Features         Money for nothing: the truth about universal basic income Carrie Arnold     Multimedia       Nature Podcast 31 May 2018 This week, boosting diversity in physics graduate programs, and life's recovery after a massive asteroid impact.     Comment   Comment         Making physics more inclusive Books and Arts         Depression: the radical theory linking it to inflammation Alison Abbott Aldous Huxley’s nuclear dystopia at 70: Ape and Essence Richard Rhodes The triumph of random testing, a quest for ancient wine, and a history of mirages: Books in brief Barbara Kiser Correspondence         History lesson: double the prize for women Richard P. Elinson Tackle all forms of under-representation in science Ricardo Rocha, Fangyuan Hua India forges ahead with solar-geoengineering studies Govindasamy Bala, Akhilesh Gupta Cooperate to stop misconduct Lauran Qualkenbush Microbes set to alter the economy Carlos G. Acevedo-Rocha Obituary         Peter Grünberg (1939-2018) Albert Fert     Careers   Features         Technology and satellite companies open up a world of data Gabriel Popkin Career Briefs         Gender inequality in authorship set to persist for decades Thousands urge US science academy to revoke membership for sexual harassers     Futures   Masques Mike Adamson     Research   NEW ONLINE         Molecular tuning of electroreception in sharks and skates Shark and skate electrosensory cells use specific potassium channels to support either indiscriminate detection of electrical stimuli or selective frequency tuning, respectively, demonstrating adaptation of sensory systems through discrete molecular modifications. Rapid recovery of life at ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction Micro- and nannofossil, trace fossil and geochemical evidence from the Chicxulub impact crater demonstrates that proximity to the asteroid impact site did not determine rates of recovery of marine ecosystems after the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Euryhaline ecology of early tetrapods revealed by stable isotopes An approach using multiple stable isotopes reveals that early tetrapods of the Devonian period were euryhaline animals that inhabited aquatic environments of highly variable salinity. Pairwise and higher-order genetic interactions during the evolution of a tRNA Mutagenesis of a yeast tRNA shows that the effects of mutations and how they interact varies both in magnitude and sign between genotypes. Disruption of TET2 promotes the therapeutic efficacy of CD19-targeted T cells Genetically engineered T cells that induced remission in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were found to have disruption of the TET2 gene, which caused T cell changes that potentiated their anti-tumour effects. A per-cent-level determination of the nucleon axial coupling from quantum chromodynamics Lattice quantum chromodynamics and a method inspired by the Feynman–Hellmann theorem are used to make a theoretical determination of the nucleon axial coupling with a precision of one per cent, giving the value 1.271 ± 0.013. Potential enthalpic energy of water in oils exploited to control supramolecular structure Less than 0.01 per cent by weight of water in an alkane solvent is sufficient to interact with co-dissolved supramolecular polymeric chains by hydrogen bonding and modulate the structure of the assembly. Phase-separation mechanism for C-terminal hyperphosphorylation of RNA polymerase II The histidine-rich domain of cyclin T1 promotes phase separation into liquid droplets, which facilitates the hyperphosphorylation of the C-terminal domain repeats of RNA polymerase II. Disruption of the beclin 1–BCL2 autophagy regulatory complex promotes longevity in mice A knock-in mutation in beclin 1 that increases autophagy in mice extends animal lifespan, improves healthspan, and also rescues early lethality in mice deficient in the anti-ageing protein klotho. Hippo/Mst signalling couples metabolic state and immune function of CD8α+ dendritic cells A data-driven analysis helps to identify specific roles of the Hippo signalling kinases Mst1 and Mst2 in integrating metabolic activity and cytokine signalling in dendritic cells, and thereby orchestrating immune cell function. The coding of valence and identity in the mammalian taste system The identity and hedonic value of tastes are encoded in distinct neural substrates; in mice, the amygdala is necessary and sufficient to drive valence-specific behaviours in response to bitter or sweet taste stimuli, and the cortex can independently represent taste identity.   News & Views         HP1 proteins safeguard embryonic stem cells Kristoffer N. Jensen, Matthew C. Lorincz   Molecular dynamics simulated by photons Fabien Gatti   Brain inflammatory cascade controlled by gut-derived molecules Hartmut Wekerle   Deciphering the catalytic mechanism of bacterial ubiquitination Kathy Wong, Kalle Gehring Spinning on the edge of graphene Fernando Luis, Eugenio Coronado 50 & 100 years ago Synthetic yeast genome reveals its versatility Jee Loon Foo, Matthew Wook Chang Fifty years since DNA repair was linked to cancer Richard D. Wood Analysis         Emerging trends in global freshwater availability Analysis of 2002–2016 GRACE satellite observations of terrestrial water storage reveals substantial changes in freshwater resources globally, which are driven by natural and anthropogenic climate variability and human activities. M. Rodell, J. S. Famiglietti, D. N. Wiese et al. Articles         Simulating the vibrational quantum dynamics of molecules using photonics By mapping vibrations in molecules to photons in waveguides, the vibrational quantum dynamics of various molecules are simulated using a photonic chip. Chris Sparrow, Enrique Martín-López, Nicola Maraviglia et al. Pyramidal cell regulation of interneuron survival sculpts cortical networks Excitatory input onto inhibitory interneurons in the developing mouse cortex acts through PTEN to protect interneurons from cell death and thus regulate the balance between excitation and inhibition. Fong Kuan Wong, Kinga Bercsenyi, Varun Sreenivasan et al. Structural basis of ubiquitin modification by the Legionella effector SdeA Crystal structures of the Legionella effector SdeA in a ligand-free state and in complex with ubiquitin and NADH provide insight into SdeA-mediated phosphoribosyl-linked ubiquitination. Yanan Dong, Yajuan Mu, Yongchao Xie et al. Spatiotemporal regulation of liquid-like condensates in epigenetic inheritance ZNFX-1 and WAGO-4 localize to germ granules in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis and later separate to form independent liquid-like droplets, and the temporal and spatial ordering of these droplets may help cells to organize complex RNA processing pathways. Gang Wan, Brandon D. Fields, George Spracklin et al. Letters         A small amount of mini-charged dark matter could cool the baryons in the early Universe Calculations show that if some dark-matter particles—less than one per cent—have a tiny charge, their coupling to baryons could cool the baryons enough to explain puzzling astrophysical observations. Julian B. Muñoz, Abraham Loeb An increase in the 12C + 12C fusion rate from resonances at astrophysical energies The rate of carbon burning—12C + 12C fusion—in stars is boosted by resonant behaviour at astrophysical energies. A. Tumino, C. Spitaleri, M. La Cognata et al. Magnetic edge states and coherent manipulation of graphene nanoribbons By functionalizing molecular graphene nanoribbons with stable spin-bearing nitronyl nitroxide radical groups, delocalized magnetic edge states are observed, with microsecond-scale spin coherence times. Michael Slota, Ashok Keerthi, William K. Myers et al. Approaching the Schottky–Mott limit in van der Waals metal–semiconductor junctions In metal–semiconductor junctions, interfacial bonding and disorder cause deviations from theoretical predictions for the energy barrier, but delicately transferring pre-fabricated metal films onto two-dimensional semiconductors can overcome this challenge. Yuan Liu, Jian Guo, Enbo Zhu et al. The effect of hydration number on the interfacial transport of sodium ions A sodium ion hydrated with three (rather than one, two, four or five) water molecules diffuses orders of magnitude more quickly than the other ion hydrates owing to the interfacial symmetry mismatch. Jinbo Peng, Duanyun Cao, Zhili He et al. The origin of squamates revealed by a Middle Triassic lizard from the Italian Alps Computed tomography scanning of the Triassic fossil Megachirella wachtleri combined with a broad morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of reptile relationships confirm it as the most primitive stem squamate. Tiago R. Simões, Michael W. Caldwell, Mateusz Tałanda et al. Long-term effects of species loss on community properties across contrasting ecosystems A long-term biodiversity manipulation experiment using plant communities on thirty Swedish lake islands reveals the importance of environmental context for determining the consequences of species loss at the ecosystem level. Paul Kardol, Nicolas Fanin, David A. Wardle Reciprocal signalling by Notch–Collagen V–CALCR retains muscle stem cells in their niche Muscle stem cell quiescence in mice is maintained by a Notch–Collagen V–CALCR signalling pathway that is activated and sustained in a cell-autonomous fashion. Meryem B. Baghdadi, David Castel, Léo Machado et al. Reconstruction of antibody dynamics and infection histories to evaluate dengue risk Analyses of antibody dynamics and subclinical infections show that across the population, variability in the infection strength of dengue viruses results in large-scale temporal changes in infection and disease risk that correlate poorly with age. Henrik Salje, Derek A. T. Cummings, Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer et al. Microglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites TGFα and VEGF-B produced by microglia regulate astrocyte function in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis. Veit Rothhammer, Davis M. Borucki, Emily C. Tjon et al. Mechanism of phosphoribosyl-ubiquitination mediated by a single Legionella effector Crystal structures of the Legionella effectors SdeA and SdeD uncover the mechanism of a unique phosphoribosyl-ubiquitination reaction. Anil Akturk, David J. Wasilko, Xiaochun Wu et al. Insights into catalysis and function of phosphoribosyl-linked serine ubiquitination Structural and functional investigations demonstrate how bacterial enzymes ubiquitinate host proteins. Sissy Kalayil, Sagar Bhogaraju, Florian Bonn et al. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein recruits HP1 and CHD4 to control lineage-specifying genes ADNP interacts with the chromatin remodeller CHD4 and the heterochromatin protein HP1 to form a complex termed ChAHP that represses gene expression independently of the histone H3K9me3 modification. Veronika Ostapcuk, Fabio Mohn, Sarah H. Carl et al.     Collections   Spotlight         Spotlight on Biopharmaceuticals Nic Fleming Nature Outlook         Huntington’s disease Spotlight         Spotlight on Zhejiang Sarah O'Meara         naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Grade 8 Research Fellow     University of Birmingham            Postdoctoral Research Associate     University of Massachusetts            Postdoctoral Research Fellow     Max Planck - UBC - UTokyo Centre for Quantum Materials            Senior DMPK Scientist     Astex Pharmaceuticals          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. 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