| | Nine pitfalls of research misconduct
Academic leaders must audit departments for flaws and strengths, then tailor practices to build good behaviour, say C. K. Gunsalus and Aaron D. Robinson.
C. K. Gunsalus, Aaron D. Robinson | | Go beyond bias training
Ambiguity in expectations and evaluations harms progress, say Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton and colleagues.
Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton, Colette Patt, Mark Richards | | Health tips for research groups
Nature asked scientists to recommend one thing that institutional and laboratory leaders could do to make science more productive, rigorous and happy.
David Norris, Ulrich Dirnagl, Michael J. Zigmond et al. | | | | | |
| | The effect of hydration number on the interfacial transport of sodium ions
A sodium ion hydrated with three (rather than one, two, four or five) water molecules diffuses orders of magnitude more quickly than the other ion hydrates owing to the interfacial symmetry mismatch. | ANKRD16 prevents neuron loss caused by an editing-defective tRNA synthetase
ANKRD16 attenuates neurodegeneration induced by a mutation in the editing domain of alanyl tRNA synthetase by directly accepting mis-activated serine from the synthetase before transfer to the tRNA, establishing a new mechanism by which editing defects are prevented. | KLHL22 activates amino-acid-dependent mTORC1 signalling to promote tumorigenesis and ageing
In response to amino acid stimulation, the ubiquitin E3 ligase CUL3–KLHL22 promotes the activation of mTORC1, which may drive tumour growth in breast cancer. | Structure of a volume-regulated anion channel of the LRRC8 family
The structure of a homomeric channel of subunit A of leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8 (LRRC8) determined by cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography reveals the basis for anion selectivity. | Spatiotemporal regulation of liquid-like condensates in epigenetic inheritance
ZNFX-1 and WAGO-4 localize to germ granules in early C. elegans embryogenesis and later separate to form independent liquid-like droplets, and the temporal and spatial ordering of these droplets may help cells to organize complex RNA processing pathways. | RSPO2 inhibition of RNF43 and ZNRF3 governs limb development independently of LGR4/5/6
Independently of the LGR4/5/6 receptors, RSPO2 acts as a direct antagonistic ligand to RNF43 and ZNRF3 during embryogenesis, and specifies the position and number of limbs that an embryo should form. | Structural basis for gating pore current in periodic paralysis
Crystal structures and molecular dynamics simulations of voltage-gated sodium channels containing mutations that cause hypokalaemic and normokalaemic periodic paralysis indicate the pathogenic mechanisms of these conditions and suggest a target for the design of potential therapeutic and symptomatic drugs. | Microbial signals drive pre-leukaemic myeloproliferation in a Tet2-deficient host
Microbial signals are crucial to the development of pre-leukaemic myeloproliferation, which can be induced by disrupting the intestinal barrier or by introducing systemic bacterial stimuli in Tet2-deficient mice. | Emerging trends in global freshwater availability
Analysis of 2002–2016 GRACE satellite observations of terrestrial water storage reveals substantial changes in freshwater resources globally, which are driven by natural and anthropogenic climate variability and human activities. | Approaching the Schottky–Mott limit in van der Waals metal–semiconductor junctions
In metal–semiconductor junctions, interfacial bonding and disorder cause deviations from theoretical predictions for the energy barrier, but delicately transferring pre-fabricated metal films onto two-dimensional semiconductors can overcome this challenge. | Bystander CD8+ T cells are abundant and phenotypically distinct in human tumour infiltrates
Human lung and colorectal tumours contain a population of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes that are specific for tumour-unrelated antigens and, unlike tumour-antigen-specific tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, do not express CD39. | SWI2/SNF2 ATPase CHR2 remodels pri-miRNAs via Serrate to impede miRNA production
The chromatin remodelling protein CHR2 interacts with Serrate in Arabidopsis to regulate microRNA biogenesis. | Microglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites
TGFα and VEGF-B produced by microglia regulate astrocyte function in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis. | Mxra8 is a receptor for multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses
The cell adhesion molecule Mxra8 is identified as a receptor for multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses such as chikungunya virus, and anti-Mxra8 monoclonal antibodies are shown to reduce rates of chikungunya virus infection in mice and a range of human cells. | Mutant phenotypes for thousands of bacterial genes of unknown function
A large-scale mutagenesis screen identifies mutant phenotypes for over 11,000 protein-coding genes in bacteria that had previously not been assigned a specific function. | | | | | | 
Faster, Simpler Biological LC-MS/MS Analysis
Shimadzu's Clinical Laboratory Automation Module, a fully integrated sample pretreatment module for LC-MS/MS, automatically performs all of the processes necessary for analyzing blood and other biological samples, providing more precise results by reducing human error and improving laboratory safety and efficiency. Learn more. | | | | | | Regeneration
Noah Gray, Nathalie Le Bot, Marie-Thérèse Heemels | | | 137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes
Sequences of 137 ancient and 502 modern human genomes illuminate the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age and document the replacement of Indo-European speakers of West Eurasian ancestry by Turkic-speaking groups of East Asian ancestry.
Peter de Barros Damgaard, Nina Marchi, Simon Rasmussen et al. | | Diverse reprogramming codes for neuronal identity
A screen in which combinatorial pairs of transcription factors are exogenously expressed in fibroblasts identifies different combinations that reprogram these cells into induced neuronal cells with diverse functional properties.
Rachel Tsunemoto, Sohyon Lee, Attila Szucs et al. | | Catalytic activation of β-arrestin by GPCRs
Transient engagement of the G protein-coupled receptor core can act as a catalyst to activate cellular β-arrestin function after dissociation from the receptor.
Kelsie Eichel, Damien Jullié, Benjamin Barsi-Rhyne et al. | | | The pressure distribution inside the proton
Measurements of the quark pressure distribution in the proton reveal a strong repulsive pressure near the proton's centre (stronger than the pressure in neutron stars) and a binding pressure at greater distances.
V. D. Burkert, L. Elouadrhiri, F. X. Girod | | Dynamic band-structure tuning of graphene moiré superlattices with pressure
For appropriately aligned layers of different two-dimensional materials, the separation between layers—and hence the interlayer coupling—is very sensitive to pressure, leading to pressure-induced changes in the electronic properties of the heterostructures.
Matthew Yankowitz, Jeil Jung, Evan Laksono et al. | | Ancient hepatitis B viruses from the Bronze Age to the Medieval period
Phylogenies reconstructed using 12 hepatitis B virus genomes, which were recovered from ancient human genome data, reveal a complex history of hepatitis B evolution that is not evident when using only modern samples.
Barbara Mühlemann, Terry C. Jones, Peter de Barros Damgaard et al. | | An exclusive metabolic niche enables strain engraftment in the gut microbiota
Finely tuned control of strain engraftment and abundance in the mouse gut microbiota was achieved using the marine polysaccharide porphyran, which could exclusively be used by an introduced subset of wild-type or genetically modified Bacteroides strains.
Elizabeth Stanley Shepherd, William C. DeLoache, Kali M. Pruss et al. | | Molecular mechanism of GPCR-mediated arrestin activation
Molecular dynamics simulations and site-directed fluorescence spectroscopy show that the transmembrane core and cytoplasmic tail of G-protein-coupled receptors independently and cooperatively activate arrestin.
Naomi R. Latorraca, Jason K. Wang, Brian Bauer et al. | | | | | |
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