Science X Newsletter Wednesday, Apr 11

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for April 11, 2018:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

In quest of the coldest possible antihydrogen

Deep learning transforms smartphone microscopes into laboratory-grade devices

New technology could wean the battery world off cobalt

New quantum method generates really random numbers

The secret life of teeth: Evo-devo models of tooth development

The emotions we feel may shape what we see

Nanoparticles for lung cancer pass next test

Risk of dementia increases with traumatic brain injury

US public companies have increasingly shorter lifespans, research says

Japan team maps 'semi-infinite' rare earth reserves

Leap Motion taking headset journey called Project North Star

Vaccine suppresses peanut allergies in mice: study

Robust and inexpensive catalysts for hydrogen production

Birds migrate away from diseases

Does physical activity influence the health of future offspring?

Astronomy & Space news

	SPHERE reveals fascinating zoo of discs around young stars The SPHERE instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile allows astronomers to suppress the brilliant light of nearby stars in order to obtain a better view of the regions surrounding them. This collection of new SPHERE images is just a sample of the wide variety of dusty discs being found around young stars.
	TESS readies for takeoff Satellite developed by MIT aims to discover thousands of nearby exoplanets, including at least 50 Earth-sized ones.
	A cosmic gorilla effect could blind the detection of aliens A well-known experiment with young people bouncing a ball showed that observers focusing on counting the passes failed to detect a man in a gorilla suit crossing the screen. According to researchers at the University of Cádiz (Spain), something similar could be happening when astronomers seek intelligent, non-earthly radio signals, which perhaps manifest themselves in dimensions that escape our perception, perhaps through unknown dark matter or energy.
	'Tour of the Moon' 4K redux In the fall of 2011, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission released its original Tour of the Moon, a five-minute animation that takes the viewer on a virtual tour of our nearest neighbor in space. Six years later, the tour has been recreated in eye-popping 4K resolution, using the same camera path and drawing from the vastly expanded data trove collected by LRO in the intervening years.
	Our sun—three different wavelengths From March 20-23, 2018, NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory captured three sequences of our sun in three different extreme ultraviolet wavelengths. The resulting images illustrate how different features that appear in one sequence are difficult, if not impossible, to see in the others.
	Mars Express v.2.0 Every so often, your smartphone or tablet receives new software to improve its functionality and extend its life. Now, ESA's Mars Express is getting a fresh install, delivered across over 150 million km of space.
	Europe plans remote update to keep aging Mars probe stable The European Space Agency plans to remotely update the software on its Mars Express probe to ensure the aging spacecraft remains stable.
What if New York City had no light pollution? I grew up on a small island off the West Coast of Canada, with the darkest skies you could hope for. Although I live in a small town now, with some light pollution, I can still see the Milky Way from my backyard.

Technology news

	New technology could wean the battery world off cobalt Lithium-based batteries use more than 50 percent of all cobalt produced in the world. These batteries are in your cell phone, laptop and maybe even your car. About 50 percent of the world's cobalt comes from the Congo, where it's largely mined by hand, in some instances by children. But now, a research team led by scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, has opened the door to using other metals in lithium-based batteries, and have built cathodes with 50 percent more lithium-storage capacity than conventional materials.
	Leap Motion taking headset journey called Project North Star David Holz, co-founder and chief technology officer at Leap Motion, is staring down a big challenge in technology today. "We believe that the fundamental limit in technology is not its size or its cost or its speed, but how we interact with it."
	Energy injustice? Cost, availability of energy-efficient lightbulbs vary with poverty levels Energy-efficient lightbulbs are more expensive and less available in high-poverty urban areas than in more affluent locations, according to a new University of Michigan study conducted in Wayne County.
	Learning computer programming, with no teachers and no tuition Aspiring software engineers Kevin Yook and Becky Chen are hunched over a computer screen, fervently discussing lines of code indecipherable to the average person.
	Six takeaways from Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg's Senate testimony on data breaches One Silicon Valley star witness, 44 media-hungry senators, and five hours of mostly tough questions and often ambiguous answers.
	CEO Zuckerberg apologizes for Facebook's privacy failures Under fire for the worst privacy debacle in his company's history, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg batted away often-aggressive questioning from lawmakers who accused him of failing to protect the personal information of millions of Americans from Russians intent on upsetting the U.S. election.
Want computers to see better in the real world? Train them in virtual reality Scientists have developed a new way to improve how computers "see" and "understand" objects in the real world by training the computers' visual systems in a virtual environment.
	Poll finds youth distrust social media, planning to vote As debate swirls about tech companies' responsibility to protect their users' data and Congress questions Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg about third parties mining information about millions of site users, a new poll suggests that the romance between college-age Americans and social media may be cooling, or at least isn't passionate.
	Shedding new light on laser additive manufacturing Additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3-D printing) allows us to create incredibly complex shapes, which would not be possible using traditional manufacturing techniques. However, objects created using AM have different properties from traditional manufacturing routes, which is sometimes a disadvantage.
	Location and voice technology are the future of retail Retailers, struggling to connect with their customers, have been trialling new technologies to blend in-store and digital experiences.
	How you helped create the crisis in private data As Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg testifies before Congress, he's likely wondering how his company got to the point where he must submit to public questioning. It's worth pondering how we, the Facebook-using public, got here too.
	That contract your computer made could get you in a legal bind There is a lot of hype in the business world surrounding the emerging blockchain technology and so called "smart contracts—computer programs which execute the terms of an agreement. But like all computer programs, smart contracts can malfunction and even develop a mind of their own.
	There's more than enough solar power to meet energy needs—the problem is storing it In less than eight hours, enough sunlight hits the Earth to meet all of humanity's energy needs for a year.
	Researchers develop smart sensors to prevent power outages Who turned out the lights?
	Curious to know what it's like to be in the line of fire? University of South Australia researchers and the SA Country Fire Service (CFS) have joined forces to give residents a searing experience of a bushfire – all from the safety of a virtual reality headset.
	A guide to poker scams – how not to get stung Winning in a casino is difficult enough when you have the house edge to contend with, but there are people who want to make it even harder. There are legitimate ways that other players can make life difficult for you, even if some of their tactics are not in the spirit of the game and they are within the law. One example is trying to get a player to throw away their poker hand, even though they hold the better hand, all the betting is complete and the player only has to show their cards.
	Drones will soon decide who to kill The US Army recently announced that it is developing the first drones that can spot and target vehicles and people using artificial intelligence (AI). This is a big step forward. Whereas current military drones are still controlled by people, this new technology will decide who to kill with almost no human involvement.
	Facebook's data lockdown is a disaster for academic researchers Facebook recently announced dramatic data access restrictions on its app and website. The company framed the lockdown as an attempt to protect user information, in response to the public outcry following the Cambridge Analytica scandal.
	EU unveils new consumer protections after 'dieselgate' scandal The EU on Wednesday unveiled rules to bolster European consumer protections by ensuring "tougher fines" for cheating companies and stronger legal ways to compensate victims.
	EU's tough new data protection rules The European Union introduces tough new data protection rules next month to give people more control over the way their personal information is used online, as Facebook is grilled over the Cambridge Analytica scandal.
	Zuckerberg: regulation of social media firms is 'inevitable' Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg told a House oversight panel Wednesday that he believes it is "inevitable" there will be regulation of the social media industry and also disclosed to lawmakers that his own data was included in the personal information sold to malicious third parties.
	Airbus aiming to step up A320neo production Airbus aims to boost production of its A320neo aircraft and step up deliveries in the second quarter of the medium-haul carrier despite persistent engine woes, chief executive Tom Enders said Wednesday.
	With bikes, transit, Uber unveils urban transport vision Uber said Wednesday it plans to add mass transit, bike-sharing and other options to its mobile app, as it unveiled a vision for urban transport that goes well beyond its core ridesharing offer.
	Zuckerberg defends Facebook business model Mark Zuckerberg defended Facebook's business model on Wednesday against fierce criticism of how it feeds user data to advertisers, even as he admitted his own personal information had been leaked to outside companies.
	Zuckerberg faces 'Grandpa' questions from lawmakers Mark Zuckerberg faced two days of grilling before House and Senate committees Tuesday and Wednesday to address Facebook's privacy issues and the need for more regulation for the social media site.
	EasyJet, two others in running for Alitalia: company Troubled Italian airline, Alitalia, said Tuesday that it has received three takeover offers, including one by a consortium led by British low-cost carrier EasyJet.
	Appliance giant Thermomix fined in Australia over burns defect Kitchen appliance giant Thermomix was fined Aus$4.6 million (US$3.5 million) in Australia Wednesday for breaching consumer laws after users of its mixers were burned by hot liquids due to a faulty seal.
	Image: 3-D-molded interconnect devices An alternative to conventional circuit boards, these '3-D-molded interconnect devices' add electrical connectivity to the surface of three-dimensional structures.
	Turning injectable medicines into inhalable treatments with the help of smart phone components Imagine if all childhood vaccines could get delivered with an inhaler rather than shots; or wiping away tuberculosis bacteria in a patient's lungs with an inhaler; or disinfecting a hospital room thoroughly with a diffuser.
	3-D human modelling technology projects body shape and size within 10 seconds Shopping well-fitting clothes online or making bespoke garments can be done more easily with the intelligent 3-D human modelling technology developed by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), which digitally reconstructs the shape and size of a person accurately from two full body photographs within 5-10 seconds.
	New solar PV tool accurately calculates degradation rates, saving money and guiding business decisions How long a product can be expected to perform at a high level is a fundamental indication of quality and durability. In the solar industry, accurately predicting the longevity of photovoltaic (PV) panels is essential to increase energy production, lower costs, and raise investor and consumer confidence. A new software package developed by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and industry partners SunPower and kWh Analytics is making the measurement of PV system expected lifetime performance more reliable, consistent, and accurate.
	Novel process for surface hardening of stainless steel Stainless steel is the material of choice in various industries where corrosion resistance is of utmost importance, take for instance parts that are exposed to harsh environments. However, this highly favourable property does not always go hand in hand with high surface hardness, wear resistance and fatigue strength.
	7 things you may not know about new car warranties Most of us know the new-car basic warranty, often referred to as the "bumper-to-bumper warranty," is designed to protect the owner against any factory defects during the first few years of ownership. But did you know this coverage doesn't actually apply to the bumpers? The vehicle's bumpers are considered body panels and so aren't covered.
Trump signs law weakening shield for online services President Donald Trump has signed a new law aimed at curbing sex trafficking.

Medicine & Health news

	The emotions we feel may shape what we see Our emotional state in a given moment may influence what we see, according to findings published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. In two experiments, researchers found that participants saw a neutral face as smiling more when it was paired with an unseen positive image.
	Risk of dementia increases with traumatic brain injury The risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's, was significantly higher in people who had experienced a traumatic brain injury (TBI) than with people who had no history of TBI, according to one of the largest studies to date on that association.
	Vaccine suppresses peanut allergies in mice: study A vaccine may successfully turn off peanut allergy in mice, a new study shows.
	An immunological memory in the brain Inflammatory reactions can change the brain's immune cells in the long term—meaning that these cells have an "immunological memory." This memory may influence the progression of neurological disorders that occur later in life, and is therefore a previously unknown factor that could influence the severity of these diseases. Scientists at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), the Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), and the University of Tuebingen report on this in the journal Nature. Their study is the result of a collaborative effort also involving researchers from Goettingen, Bonn, and Freiburg.
	Specific bacteria in the small intestine are crucial for fat absorption Although the vast majority of research on the gut microbiome has focused on bacteria in the large intestine, a new study—one of a few to concentrate on microbes in the upper gastrointestinal tract—shows how the typical calorie-dense western diet can induce expansion of microbes that promote the digestion and absorption of high-fat foods.
	Study reveals every bowel tumor and bowel cancer cell have unique genetic fingerprints New research on bowel cancer has shown that every tumour is different, and that every cell within the tumour is also genetically unique. In the first study of its kind, researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute, UK and Hubrecht Institute (KNAW) in Utrecht, The Netherlands, used the latest single cell and organoid technologies to understand the mutational processes of the disease.
	How mice are hardwired for parenting For the first time, scientists have deconstructed the brain circuits that orchestrate parenting behavior in mice.
	Mutant ferrets offer clues to human brain size A genetically engineered ferret could help reveal how humans got their big brains.
	Novel drug shows promise against acute myeloid leukemia In a study published online today in Science Translational Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine researchers report that an experimental peptide (small protein) drug shows promise against the often-lethal cancer acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and describe how the drug works at the molecular level. The findings have led to a Phase I/II clinical trial for patients with advanced AML and advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), now underway at Montefiore Health System.
Thin, flexible polymers record 'conversations' deeper in the brain with less injury-risk Science has yet to unravel a complete understanding of the brain and all its intricate workings. It's not for lack of effort.
	Personalized ovarian cancer vaccine shows promise in pilot trial A new type of cancer vaccine has yielded promising results in an initial clinical trial conducted at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and the Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania. The personalized vaccine is made from patients' own immune cells, which are exposed in the laboratory to the contents of the patients' tumor cells, and then injected into the patients to initiate a wider immune response. The trial, conducted in advanced ovarian cancer patients, was a pilot trial aimed primarily at determining safety and feasibility, but there were clear signs that it could be effective: About half of the vaccinated patients showed signs of anti-tumor T-cell responses, and those "responders" tended to live much longer without tumor progression than those who didn't respond. One patient, after two years of vaccinations, was disease-free for another five years without further treatment.
	There's a better way to screen for cervical cancer A new study in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, published by Oxford University Press, indicates that high-quality cervical cancer screening can be done effectively using a completely automated approach. The researchers involved in the study indicate that automated technology could increase cervical screening coverage in underserved regions.
Severity of menopause symptoms could help predict heart disease Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in women. A study of 138 menopausal women examined the association of mood, symptoms, and quality of life measures with the key markers of vascular aging, a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Study results are published online today in Menopause, the journal of The North American Menopause Society (NAMS).
	New glaucoma treatment could ease symptoms while you sleep Eye drops developed by UBC researchers could one day treat glaucoma while you sleep - helping to heal a condition that is one of the leading causes of blindness around the world.
	Two studies find resistance mechanisms in ALK+ and ROS1+ cancers Targeted treatments have revolutionized care for lung cancer patients whose tumors harbor ALK or ROS1 alterations. Basically, cancers may use these genetic changes to drive their growth, but also become dependent on the action of these altered genes for their survival. Targeted treatments like crizotinib block the actions of ALK and ROS1, thus killing cancers that depend on them. However, when doctors target ALK or ROS1, cancers often evolve new ways to survive. After a period of success, targeted treatments against ALK+ and ROS1+ lung cancers often fail.
Stop the bleed, save a life Whether it's from a sawing accident, a car crash or a gunshot wound, when blood starts pouring, saving a life starts with stopping the bleeding.
	Aqueous humor, microRNAs and glaucoma Glaucoma—the leading cause of vision loss worldwide—includes a heterogeneous group of disorders. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) are linked to decreased outflow of aqueous humor, which affects intraocular pressure.
	Higher risk of infectious disease with both high and low HDL cholesterol The so-called good cholesterol, HDL, is associated with infectious disease, new research from the University of Copenhagen and Copenhagen University Hospital shows.
	Optimized perception in the twilight zone In the pre-industrial age, twilight was a dangerous time for humans due to higher risk of encountering nocturnal predators. The ability to see in weak light conditions was therefore at a clear evolutionary advantage. Neuroscientists at Goethe University Frankfurt have now discovered that the human brain prepares for dawn and dusk by ending resting activity in the visual cortex at these times so that weak visual stimuli are not overwhelmed by the brain's background noise.
Improving brain function in Alzheimer's disease mouse model Using two complementary approaches to reduce the deposits of amyloid-beta in the brain rather than either approach alone improved spatial navigation and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that similar combination treatments also might help patients with Alzheimer's disease in the future. The study appears in the Journal of Experimental Medicine.
	Mapping arteries could help avoid complications and improve outcomes in oral surgeries A Purdue University-affiliated startup has devised a way to map arteries in the roof of a person's mouth to help avoid complications and improve outcomes in oral surgery.
	Study shows 2016 election triggered obsessive-compulsive-like symptoms in some individuals Since the 2016 U.S. presidential election many people have experienced an increase in symptoms of stress and anxiety, and researchers from Baylor College of Medicine have discovered that some of those symptoms resemble characteristics of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). In a study published in the Journal of Anxiety Disorders, researchers found that some individuals are having politically focused intrusive thoughts and associated ritualistic behaviors due to political stressors.
Scientists test potential new way to treat anemia Treatment of anemia caused by chronic kidney disease or other diseases often requires repeated—and costly—injections or infusions of an artificial form of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates production of red blood cells.
	World first study tunes in on singing twins Are golden tonsils born or made? A major international twin study hopes to investigate the relative roles of genetic and environmental influences on singing ability.
	New study advocates for better information about PET/CT scanning Improved information before undergoing PET/CT scanning can improve patients' experience of care, demonstrates radiology nurse Camilla Andersson in a recent dissertation at Uppsala University.
	Fighting mosquito-spread viruses from the inside-out The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a city dweller that breeds in puddles and stagnant drains – the female likes to feast on human flesh. In the tropics it regularly spreads disease, then is blasted with insecticides, only to reappear with the monsoons.
	Being more specific about 'one-stop shops' for non-specific cancer symptoms What are the new 'one-stop shops' for less obvious cancer symptoms, and how is this service being developed and evaluated in Oxfordshire? GP and Clinical Researcher Dr. Brian D Nicholson, from the Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, is part of the team who developed the region's pilot site, one of ten across the country, and explains why understanding non-specific symptoms is important.
	Do athletes really need protein supplements? Protein supplements for athletes are literally sold by the bucketful. The marketing that accompanies them persistently promotes the attainment of buff biceps and six-pack abs.
	Does age at menopause affect memory? Entering menopause at a later age may be associated with a small benefit to your memory years later, according to a study published in the April 11, 2018, online issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
	I'm a fitness app addict but I know they sabotage my workouts When I finally gasp to a stop, the monitor shows that my heart rate has averaged 174 beats per minute for the last 40 minutes. I'm a family and emergency room doctor, so I know that is well above normal. There's a small pond of sweat beneath the exercise bike. My head pounds from dehydration.
The truth about maternal death Women die in childbirth at alarming rates. Maternal death is an excellent example of what the famous economist and philosopher Amartya Sen calls a "remediable injustice" —a condition that is fundamentally unfair and within our capacity to change.
	International study reveals people poorly guess actual physical activity level An American, a Brit and a Dutch guy go for a walk. That may sound like the beginning of a joke, but it's actually the end of a USC-led study that could impact future research on physical activity.
	Babies make the link between vocal and facial emotion The ability of babies to differentiate emotional expressions appears to develop during their first six months. But do they really recognise emotion or do they only distinguish the physical characteristics of faces and voices? Researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, have just provided an initial answer to this question, measuring the ability of six-month-old babies to make a connection between a voice (expressing happiness or anger) and the emotional expression on a face (again, of happiness or anger). The findings, published in the journal PLOS ONE, show that babies look at an angry face - especially the mouth—for longer if they have previously heard a happy a voice. This reaction to something new demonstrates for the first time that babies have an early ability to transfer emotional information from the auditory mode to the visual.
	Delayed delivery at vending machines prompts healthier snack choices Delaying vending machines' delivery of tempting, high-calorie snacks can shift people's choices to less popular but healthier options, a first-of-its-kind, National Institutes of Health-funded study has found.
	Researchers identify peptide produced during cartilage deterioration as a potential source of osteoarthritis pain Osteoarthritis is one of the most common causes of chronic pain in the world. More than 30 million people in the United States alone suffer from osteoarthritis, or OA, which can affect any moveable joint of the body, including the knees, hips and hands. OA normally manifests itself as a breakdown of joint tissues, including degradation of cartilage.
	Absence of a transcription factor halts tooth development in mid-stride Amjad Javed, Ph.D., and University of Alabama at Birmingham colleagues have found a key role in tooth development for the transcription factor Specificity protein 7, or Sp7.
	Wildfire smoke could send more seniors to the ER for heart, stroke issues Smoke from wildfires, particularly for people 65 and older, could cause an increase in emergency room visits for heart and brain-related issues, according to new research.
	Three things doctors say should be part of your weight loss efforts Imagine that you are running a company, but you cannot get to your goal because all of your good workers keep quitting.
Simultaneous chemo and immunotherapy may be better for some with metastatic bladder cancer Researchers from Mount Sinai and Sema4, a health information company and Mount Sinai venture, have discovered that giving metastatic bladder cancer patients simultaneous chemotherapy and immunotherapy is safe and that patients whose tumors have certain genetic mutations may respond particularly well to this combination approach, according to the results of a clinical trial published in European Urology.
	Brain activity can predict success of depression treatment McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School researchers believe they have uncovered a method that could be useful in predicting a depressed patient's treatment prognosis, prior to starting treatment.
	Genetic variant might be a better marker for heart disease Researchers at the University of Cincinnati (UC) College of Medicine have found that a newly identified subset of a known genetic variant found primarily in individuals of South Asian descent may be a better marker for carriers of heart dysfunction in this population and that individuals with this genetic variant are more likely to develop early signs of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
	Study explores new strategy to develop a malaria vaccine A serum developed by Yale researchers reduces infection from malaria in mice, according to a new study. It works by attacking a protein in the saliva of the mosquitos infected with the malaria parasite rather than the parasite itself. If the novel approach proves effective in further studies, it could potentially be used to enhance existing malaria vaccines, the researchers said.
	Discovery could let doctors customize brain's immune response to diseases The University of Virginia neuroscience lab that discovered that the brain connects directly to the immune system now has found evidence that doctors could load up the brain with custom blends of immune cells to battle genetic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
RB1 gene mutations underlie clinical resistance to CDK 4/6 inhibitor breast cancer therapy A multi-institutional research team has identified what may be a novel mechanism underlying acquired resistance to CDK 4/6 inhibitor treatment for breast cancer. In their report published in the Annals of Oncology, the team—led by investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Institute Gustave Roussy in Paris, and Texas Oncology-Baylor Sammons Cancer Center/U.S. Oncology in Dallas—reports their discovery of new mutations in the RB1 gene, a key part of the pathway targeted by CDK 4/6 inhibitors, in women with hormone-receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer whose tumors had progressed on CDK 4/6 inhibitor treatment. Proofs of this study were made available online in December 2017, ahead of print publication in March 2018.
	The brain combats dementia by shifting resources The brain continues to put up a fight even as neurodegenerative diseases like dementia damage certain areas and functions. In fact, recent findings in a Baycrest-University of Arizona study suggest that one method the brain uses to counter these diseases is the reassigning of tasks to different regions.
	Viagra has the potential to be used as a treatment for rare cancers The class of drugs currently prescribed to treat male erectile dysfunction has been flagged for its potential to be included in new trials for anti-cancer drugs, in a new clinical study published today in the open access journal, ecancermedicalscience.
	How do children develop immunity to malaria as they become older? Across the world, over 200 million cases of malaria and nearly 500,000 deaths from the disease occur annually—more than 90 percent of which happen in Africa. Children in Africa can be diagnosed with malaria two or three times a year, a rate that decreases as they become older and develop immunity. But the way children generate and maintain this immunity remains a mystery.
Study revises molecular classification for most common type of lymphoma In a new study, researchers identified genetic subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that could help explain why some patients with the disease respond to treatment and others don't. The study, led by researchers in the Center for Cancer Research (CCR) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, with additional authors from several institutions around the world, was published online April 11, 2018, in the New England Journal of Medicine.
	Digital addiction increases loneliness, anxiety and depression: study Smartphones are an integral part of most people's lives, allowing us to stay connected and in-the-know at all times. The downside of that convenience is that many of us are also addicted to the constant pings, chimes, vibrations and other alerts from our devices, unable to ignore new emails, texts and images. In a new study published in NeuroRegulation, San Francisco State University Professor of Health Education Erik Peper and Associate Professor of Health Education Richard Harvey argue that overuse of smart phones is just like any other type of substance abuse.
	Researchers crack mystery behind rare bone disorder Researchers at the National Institutes of Health worked with 15 patients from around the world to uncover a genetic basis of "dripping candle wax" bone disease. The rare disorder, known as melorheostosis, causes excess bone formation that resembles dripping candle wax on x-rays. The results, appearing in Nature Communications, offer potential treatment targets for this rare disease, provide important clues about bone development, and may lead to insights about fracture healing and osteoporosis.
	Scientists find excess mitochondrial iron, Huntington's disease link Scientists at the University of Wyoming have found that mice engineered to have Huntington's disease (HD) have an over-accumulation of iron in their mitochondria.
	Vaccines to treat opioid abuse and prevent fatal overdoses Heroin and prescription opioid abuse and fatal overdoses are a public health emergency in the United States. Vaccines offer a potential new strategy to treat opioid abuse and prevent fatal opioid overdoses.
	U.S. heart disease rates falling, but gains vary by state (HealthDay)—The overall rate of heart disease in the United States has declined 38 percent since 1990, a new report shows.
	Tiny juul device getting U.S. teens hooked on vaping (HealthDay)—Tiny e-cigarette devices that look like USB drives are making it tough for parents and educators to keep their kids from vaping.
	Got osteoarthritis? Get moving (HealthDay)—Is arthritis pain getting in the way of your fitness plans? That need not be the case.
	As menopause symptoms get worse, heart may pay a price (HealthDay)—There could be a link between the severity of a woman's menopausal symptoms and her risk of heart disease, a new study suggests.
	No reduced CVD risk for SBP <120 mm hg in type 2 diabetes (HealthDay)—For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is no reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with achieved systolic blood pressure (SBP) of
	Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity safe over long term (HealthDay)—Neonatal caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity has no detrimental long-term effects and even improves some neurologic measures, according to a study published online April 11 in Pediatrics.
	About half of pregnant women with HIV have C-sections (HealthDay)—About half of pregnant women with HIV infection underwent cesarean delivery between 1998 and 2013, according to a study published online April 6 in Obstetrics & Gynecology.
	Guidance offered for improving mental health in workplace (HealthDay)—Four recommendations for action have been developed for improving mental health in the workplace; the guidance forms the basis for an article published online in the April issue of the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
	Higher cigarette prices would save millions of people from extreme poverty and poor health Higher cigarette prices would save millions of people from extreme poverty and poor health around the world, while also cutting health treatment costs for families across the globe, suggests a comprehensive study published today in The BMJ.
	Fujitsu launches Heart Explorer to study heart behavior Fujitsu today announced the Japan launch of Fujitsu Healthcare Solution Heart Explorer, a software for medical and nursing schools, including university medical hospitals. This software is based on the results of a heart simulator that reproduces heart behavior in exquisite detail so that the heart can be modeled in 3-D for observation and analysis.
Computing power to optimise the mobile emergency care network Optimised distribution of emergency medical service stations can ensure rapid emergency care for even greater swathes of the population – and save money at the same time. This is the result of a study by Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences in Krems (KL Krems), Austria, published recently in an international journal. Within the scope of the study, numerous possible distributions of emergency medical stations across the federal state of Lower Austria were calculated and compared using complex computer models. New ways were found to provide emergency medical care to an even larger proportion of the population within a very short space of time with the same or fewer medical stations. The consideration of extensive digital data on the existing road network, as well as population movements during the daytime, constituted an essential element of the computations.
	For first time, ALSPAC study charting children of the '90s available to researchers For the first time, the history charting the world-renowned Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), also known as Children of the '90s, back to its beginnings has been made accessible.
	Lab-grown tissues to improve reliability of safety tests for drugs, chemicals Testing the safety of medicines and chemicals on organ-like structures developed from various types of stem cells could reduce the reliance on animal testing and streamline chemical and drug development, according to scientists in the Netherlands who are in the early stages of developing such technology.
	Dolly scientist backs research drive to tackle Parkinson's disease Professor Sir Ian Wilmut – who led the team that created Dolly the sheep – has backed an initiative to tackle Parkinson's disease, after being diagnosed with the condition.
	Inequalities in dental health are most evident in young children Inequalities in dental health are most evident in 3 to 6-year-old children, according to a thesis at Sahlgrenska Academy. Preschoolers in socioeconomically disadvantaged families had a more than four times higher risk of tooth decay compared to age cohorts with better living conditions.
Alcoholic liver disease replaces hepatitis C infection as the leading cause of liver transplantation Two independent studies have today reported that alcoholic liver disease has now replaced hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as the leading cause of liver transplantation in the USA in patients without HCC. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is also on the increase, now ranking second as a cause of liver transplantation due to chronic liver disease.
	Why do some children read more? A new study of more than 11,000 7-year-old twins found that how well children read determines how much they read, not vice versa. Furthermore, the authors of the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry study found that how well children read is highly heritable, while how much they read is influenced equally by genes and the environment.
	Thyroid tumors in Alaska natives are larger and more advanced at diagnosis A new study spanning 45 years has shown that while Alaska Natives have a similar incidence of thyroid cancer as the U.S. white population, their tumors at the time of diagnosis tend to be larger and to have spread beyond a localized area. The data, culled from the National Cancer Institute's Alaska Native Tumor Registry, are described in an article published in Thyroid.
Vascular problems associated with symptoms of menopause and quality of life measures A new study shows that more frequent and severe menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep disturbance, loss of sexual interest, weight gain and other quality of life measures, were associated with markers of vascular aging, according to researchers at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.
	Four-legged friends can have heart issues, too Many Americans spend their lives with their pets—sharing habits, walks and sometimes even the bed.

Biology news

	Birds migrate away from diseases In a unique study, researchers at Lund University in Sweden have mapped the origins of migratory birds. They used the results to investigate and discover major differences in the immune systems of sedentary and migratory birds. The researchers conclude that migratory species benefit from leaving tropical areas when it is time to raise their young, because moving away from diseases in the tropics enables them to survive with a less costly immune system.
	Does physical activity influence the health of future offspring? Physical and mental exercise can affect the learning ability of future offspring, at least in mice. This particular form of inheritance is mediated by certain RNA molecules that influence gene activity. These molecules accumulate in both the brain and germ cells following physical and mental activity. Prof. André Fischer and colleagues from the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) in Goettingen and Munich and the University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG) report these findings in the journal Cell Reports.
	Plants 'hedge their bets' in germination—the route to better crop yields Researchers at the University of Birmingham have revealed how plants 'hedge their bets' by getting their seeds to germinate at different times. Their work identifies routes to reduce variability in agriculture and produce more consistent outcomes for farmers and food production, according to research published today.
	Synchrotron science could give soybeans a boost Scientists at the University of Liverpool, together with Japanese colleagues, have gained new insight into how soil bacteria sense and adapt to the levels of oxygen in their environment. The findings could be used to help develop new treatments to promote crop growth and tackle disease.
	Mesotocin found to be the driver behind prosocial behavior in pinyon jays A team of researchers with the University of Nebraska has found that the hormone mesotocin plays a major role in pinyon jay prosociality. In their paper published in the journal Biology Letters, the group describes experiments they conducted with the birds and what they found.
	Bleached anemones found to stress fish living in them A team of researchers with the University of Glasgow in Scotland and Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement, French Polynesia, has found that orange-fin anemonefish (aka clownfish) living among bleached anemones exhibit signs of stress—namely a higher-than-normal metabolic rate. In their paper published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the group describes their study of the fish and what it shows about the impact of global warming.
	Having one eye better than the other may explain ants' left bias Unlike Derek Zoolander, ants don't have any difficulty turning left. New research from the University of Bristol has now found rock ants often have one eye slightly better than the other, which could help explain why most of them prefer to turn left, given the choice.
	Wildlife haven of Sulawesi much younger than first thought, according to new research An Oxford University collaboration has shed light on the origins of some of South East Asia's most iconic and unique wildlife; the 'deer-pig' (Sulawesi Babirusa), 'warty pig' and the 'miniature buffalo.' In doing so, the research has revealed that Sulawesi, the island paradise where they were discovered, is younger than previously thought.
	Scientists discover a role for 'junk' DNA Researchers at the University of Michigan Life Sciences Institute and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute have determined how satellite DNA, considered to be "junk DNA," plays a crucial role in holding the genome together.
	Scientists demonstrate new driver of extinction The lengths that some males go to attract a mate can pay off in the short-term. But according to a new study from scientists at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), extravagant investments in reproduction also have their costs.
	Cyprus on frontline against lionfish invasion of Mediterranean Equipped with harpoons and waterproof notebooks, Louis, Carlos and Antonis dive deep into the crystal clear waters of Konnos Bay in Cyprus on a mission to capture predatory lionfish.
	When enemies come to help "The enemy of my enemy is my friend." Now, researchers at the University of Zurich show that this principle also holds for crab spiders and flowering plants. While it's true that the spiders eat or drive away useful pollinators such as bees, they're also attracted by floral scent signals to come and help if the plant is attacked by insects intent on eating it.
	Extreme climate variability destabilizing West Coast ecosystems New research shows that extreme climate variability over the last century in western North America may be destabilizing both marine and terrestrial ecosystems.
	Researchers discover three new, highly threatened chameleon species in Madagascar Madagascar is a chameleon paradise. A team of researchers has now discovered three new species, among them a beautifully coloured rainbow chameleon. These species are all restricted to very small ranges, and are probably highly threatened.
	A new tailor-made approach to biofuels EU researchers designed and tested cell structures, cellulosomes, that help breakdown abundant biomass waste to produce value-added chemicals, such as advanced biofuels.
	Sea lion colony confirmed, but work still needed While celebrating the Department of Conservation's announcement of a New Zealand sea lion (rāpoka) breeding colony on Stewart Island, a Massey University marine mammal specialist is calling further action to protect the endangered species.
	Baby fish led astray by high CO2 in oceans Baby fish will find it harder to reach secure shelters in future acidified oceans – putting fish populations at risk, new research from the University of Adelaide has concluded.
	New gadgets help reveal the collective behavior of wild animals An international team of scientists led by Swansea University biologists describe how novel technologies are transforming our understanding of why wild animals form different groups.
	Extensive seagrass meadows discovered in Indian Ocean through satellite tracking of green turtles Research led by Swansea University's Bioscience department has discovered for the first time extensive deep-water seagrass meadows in the middle of the vast Indian Ocean through satellite tracking the movement of green sea turtles.
	Airway disease in racehorses more prevalent than previously thought, study finds Racehorses need their breath to run their best. But inflammatory airway disease (IAD) can rob them of their stamina.
	How to catch a fish genome with big data If you eat fish in the U.S., chances are it once swam in another country. That's because the U.S. imports over 80 percent of its seafood, according to estimates by the United Nations. New genetic research could help make farmed fish more palatable and bring America's wild fish species to dinner tables. Scientists have used big data and supercomputers to catch a fish genome, a first step in its sustainable aquaculture harvest.
New method prioritizes species for conservation in the face of uncertainty A new way to prioritize species for conservation efforts outperforms other similar methods, according to research presented in PLOS ONE by Rikki Gumbs of Imperial College London, UK, and colleagues at the Zoological Society of London, UK.
	Capturing and analysing limb injuries in race horses Massey University researchers are investigating limb injuries in race horses by capturing the 3-D movements of their limbs on camera and modelling it on computers.
	OpenWings project: Scientists to build the avian tree of life Birds are the only surviving descendants of dinosaurs. Birds also are used to study a large range of fundamental topics in biology from understanding the evolution of mating systems to learning about the genetic and environmental factors that affect their beautiful plumages.
Researchers find doubling shelter cats' space radically reduces upper respiratory disease Feline upper respiratory infection in shelter cats can be dramatically decreased by doubling cage sizes and providing cats with two compartments, reported Morris Animal Foundation-funded researchers at the University of California, Davis.
	New bioinformatics tool identifies and classifies CRISPR-Cas systems Designed to improve the utility and availability of increasingly diverse CRISPR-Cas genome editing systems, the new CRISPRdisco automated pipeline helps researchers identify CRISPR repeats and cas genes in genome assemblies. The freely available software provides standardized, high throughput analytical methods that detect CRISPR repeats and accurately assign class, type, and subtypes, as described in an article published in The CRISPR Journal.

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