Nature Climate Change Contents: May 2018 Volume 8 Number 5

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Advertisement Do you have a career question?  The Naturejobs podcast features one-on-one Q&As, panel discussions and other exclusive content to help scientists with their careers. Hosted on the Naturejobs blog, the podcast is also available on iTunes and Soundcloud.  Listen today!  TABLE OF CONTENTS May 2018 Volume 8, Issue 5 Editorial Correspondence Comment Books & Arts Feature Research Highlights News & Views Letters Articles   Advertisement Nominations now open! Who are the future leading women in science? The Nature Research Awards for Inspiring Science and Innovating Science are now open for nominations. Find out more about these awards and nominate your inspiration >>  In partnership with The Estee Lauder Companies.     Editorial   Feeling the heat    p347 doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0169-y Correspondence   Cascading biases against poorer countries    pp348 - 349 Sivan Kartha, Tom Athanasiou, Simon Caney, Elizabeth Cripps, Kate Dooley et al. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0152-7 Comment   Time to refine key climate policy models    pp350 - 352 Alexander R. Barron doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0132-y Books & Arts   Texas, we have a water problem    pp353 - 354 Douglas Brent McRoberts doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0151-8 Feature   The inconvenient truth of failed climate policies    pp355 - 358 Sonja van Renssen doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0155-4 Research Highlights   Come rain or shine    p359 Alastair Brown doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0165-2 Unequal exposure    p359 Adam Yeeles doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0166-1 Taking a closer look    p359 Bronwyn Wake doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0167-0 Disappearing Andean snow    p359 Graham Simpkins doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0168-z Nature Climate Change JOBS of the week Senior Development Officer World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Faculty Position in Extreme Environments Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel to the Global Environment Facility: Members United Nations Environment Programme Open Faculty Positions for Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute The Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute More Science jobs from Nature Climate Change EVENT International Conference on Clean Water, Air & Soil (CleanWAS) 2018 10.08.18 Bali, Indonesia More science events from News & Views   Spatial variation in messaging effects    pp360 - 361 Christopher Warshaw doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0143-8 A few scenarios still do not fit all    pp361 - 362 Vanessa Schweizer doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0148-3 Arctic sea ice at 1.5 and 2 °C    pp362 - 363 James A. Screen doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0137-6 A hot future for European droughts    pp364 - 365 Adriaan J. Teuling doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0154-5 Africa and the Paris Agreement    pp365 - 366 Andries C. Kruger doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0146-5 Deforestation intensifies hot days    pp366 - 368 Paul C. Stoy doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0153-6 Running dry    p369 Graham Simpkins doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0164-3 Letters   Experimental effects of climate messages vary geographically    pp370 - 374 Baobao Zhang, Sander van der Linden, Matto Mildenberger, Jennifer R. Marlon, Peter D. Howe et al. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0122-0 Geographic variation in social, economic, political and climatic factors may influence public responsiveness to climate change messaging. This study shows that messages about scientific consensus have a greater influence in more conservative US states.   Record-breaking climate extremes in Africa under stabilized 1.5°C and 2°C global warming scenarios    pp375 - 380 Shingirai Nangombe, Tianjun Zhou, Wenxia Zhang, Bo Wu, Shuai Hu et al. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0145-6 The record hot year of 2015 in Africa had devastating impacts. The likelihood of future annual temperature extremes over Africa exceeding those of 2015 are 91% and 100% in 1.5°C and 2°C worlds, respectively, stressing the benefits of limiting future anthropogenic warming.   Future equivalent of 2010 Russian heatwave intensified by weakening soil moisture constraints    pp381 - 385 L. M. Rasmijn, G. van der Schrier, R. Bintanja, J. Barkmeijer, A. Sterl et al. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0114-0 The 2010 Russia heatwave had devastating impacts, including loss of life, wildfire and drought. Model simulations reveal similar heatwaves may be amplified by up to 8°C in the future as soil moisture becomes less able to suppress maximum temperatures.   Historical deforestation locally increased the intensity of hot days in northern mid-latitudes    pp386 - 390 doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0131-z Deforestation in the northern mid-latitudes has generally been considered to cause biogeophysical changes that drive mean annual cooling in the region. Research now suggests that historical deforestation has led to substantial local warming of hot days.   Articles   Alternative pathways to the 1.5°C target reduce the need for negative emission technologies    pp391 - 397 Detlef P. van Vuuren, Elke Stehfest, David E. H. J. Gernaat, Maarten van den Berg, David L. Bijl et al. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0119-8 Scenarios that constrain warming to 1.5°C currently place a large emphasis on CO2 removal. Alternative pathways involving lifestyle change, rapid electrification and reduction of non-CO2 gases could reduce the need for such negative emission technologies.   Air quality co-benefits of carbon pricing in China    pp398 - 403 Mingwei Li, Da Zhang, Chiao-Ting Li, Kathleen M. Mulvaney, Noelle E. Selin et al. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0139-4 The co-benefits of carbon pricing in China are investigated by a cross-scale modelling approach. The health benefits from reduced emissions and improved air quality could offset the climate policy costs.   Ice-free Arctic projections under the Paris Agreement    pp404 - 408 Michael Sigmond, John C. Fyfe & Neil C. Swart doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0124-y Nations are currently pursuing efforts to constrain anthropogenic warming to 1.5°C. In such a world, model projections suggest the Arctic will be ice-free every one in forty years, compared to one in every five under stabilized 2°C warming.   Reduced probability of ice-free summers for 1.5°C compared to 2°C warming    pp409 - 413 Alexandra Jahn doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0127-8 Arctic sea ice cover has declined significantly in recent years. Model simulations suggest the probability of an ice-free Arctic will be 100% under 2°C, but 30% under 1.5°C, motivating efforts to constrain anthropogenic warming.   Early emergence of anthropogenically forced heat waves in the western United States and Great Lakes    pp414 - 420 Hosmay Lopez, Robert West, Shenfu Dong, Gustavo Goni, Ben Kirtman et al. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0116-y Heat waves have become increasingly frequent in the United States, but their occurrence is largely linked to natural variability. Model simulations reveal anthropogenically forced signals will first emerge in the western United States and Great Lakes regions by ~2030.   Anthropogenic warming exacerbates European soil moisture droughts    pp421 - 426 L. Samaniego, S. Thober, R. Kumar, N. Wanders, O. Rakovec et al. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0138-5 Severe drought plagued Europe in 2003, amplifying heatwave conditions that killed more than 30,000 people. Assuming business as usual, such soil moisture deficits will become twice as frequent in the future and affect up to two-thirds of the European population.   Increasing precipitation volatility in twenty-first-century California    pp427 - 433 Daniel L. Swain, Baird Langenbrunner, J. David Neelin & Alex Hall doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0140-y California recently experienced a rapid shift from multi-year drought to abundant rainfall. A large ensemble of climate model simulations suggests that the frequency of extreme wet-to-dry precipitation events will increase by 25% to 100% across California due to anthropogenic forcing.   Forest response to rising CO2 drives zonally asymmetric rainfall change over tropical land    pp434 - 440 Gabriel J. Kooperman, Yang Chen, Forrest M. Hoffman, Charles D. Koven, Keith Lindsay et al. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0144-7 Increasing zonal asymmetry in tropical precipitation is projected by 2100, with increases over Asian and African forests and decreases over South American forests. Plant physiological responses to increasing CO2 are now identified as a primary driving mechanism.   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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