Nature Neuroscience Contents: February 2018 Volume 21 Number 2

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Advertisement A new open access, multi- and interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing the highest quality papers on aging and age-related diseases; the journal is now open for submissions.   Explore the benefits of submitting your next research. TABLE OF CONTENTS February 2018 Volume 21, Issue 2 Advertisement An interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing high-quality open research relevant to all aspects of schizophrenia and psychosis.   Explore the benefits of submitting your next research article.    Advertisement Genomics of Brain Disorders (23-25 April 2018)  This conference will bring together scientists and clinicians working on neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases to compare approaches and synthesise the advances and remaining challenges in the genomics of various brain disorders. Deadlines: Early Bird: 30 Jan/ Bursaries: 13 Feb/ Abstracts: 27 Feb/ Registration: 27 Mar   Advertisement Poster on: The expanding CRISPR toolbox The CRISPR-Cas9 system can do a lot more than gene editing. This Poster, from Nature Methods, explores the newest possibilities of CRISPR.  Available to download free online >>  Produced with support from:  Dharmacon    Advertisement nature.com webcasts Springer Nature presents a custom webcast on: Untangling Neurodegenerative Diseases using Cryo-Electron Microscopy Date: Wednesday, February 7, 2018  Register for the webcast and live Q&A session >> Sponsored by: Thermo Fisher Scientific    Obituary   Pamela Sklar 1959–2017    p151 Patrick F. Sullivan, Michael C. O'Donovan & Nick Craddock doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0067-z John Lisman 1944–2017    pp152 - 153 Adam Kepecs doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0069-5 News & Views   Skip the salt: your brain might thank you    pp154 - 155 Mohammed A. Shaik & Elizabeth M. C. Hillman doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0068-6 Nuclear pores: the gate to neurodegeneration    pp156 - 158 Nan Li & Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0066-0 Same path, different beginnings    pp159 - 160 Ben W. Dulken & Anne Brunet doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0063-3 Grid cells map the visual world    pp161 - 162 Nathaniel J. Killian & Elizabeth A. Buffalo doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0062-4 Neuroscience JOBS of the week Post-doctoral Fellow in Developmental Neuroscience Children's National Health Systems Professor and Head University of Illinois Postdoctoral fellow University of South Carolina ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship program Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) Research Scientist (f / m) Stem Cell Research Fulltime and Permanent Evotec AG More Science jobs from Neuroscience EVENT The Brain Conferences: Computational Neuroscience of Prediction 15.04.18 Rungsted Kyst, Denmark More science events from Review Articles   Integrating new findings and examining clinical applications of pattern separation    pp163 - 173 Stephanie L. Leal & Michael A. Yassa doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0065-1 The authors review the latest evidence on hippocampal pattern separation, survey recent data from cognitive tasks testing pattern separation and their application to clinical studies, and evaluate the assumptions that guide studies in the area.   Studying and modifying brain function with non-invasive brain stimulation    pp174 - 187 Rafael Polanía, Michael A. Nitsche & Christian C. Ruff doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0054-4 Polanía, Nitsche and Ruff summarize the state of non-invasive brain stimulation research in humans, discuss some current debates about properties and limitations of these methods, and give recommendations for how these challenges may be addressed.   Brief Communications   Hexadirectional coding of visual space in human entorhinal cortex    pp188 - 190 Matthias Nau, Tobias Navarro Schröder, Jacob L. S. Bellmund & Christian F. Doeller doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0050-8 fMRI activity in human entorhinal cortex is modulated by eye-movement direction with 60° periodicity, implicating a grid cell-like code in mapping visual space. This suggests a role for entorhinal grid coding in cognition beyond spatial navigation.   Human entorhinal cortex represents visual space using a boundary-anchored grid    pp191 - 194 Joshua B. Julian, Alexandra T. Keinath, Giulia Frazzetta & Russell A. Epstein doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0049-1 The authors show that human entorhinal cortex supports a grid cell-like representation of visual space. This visual grid pattern is stably anchored to the external visual world in a fashion analogous to rodent grid representations of navigable space.   Advertisement Do you have a career question?  The Naturejobs podcast features one-on-one Q&As, panel discussions and other exclusive content to help scientists with their careers. Hosted on the Naturejobs blog, the podcast is also available on iTunes and Soundcloud. Listen today!   Articles   N6-methyladenosine RNA modification regulates embryonic neural stem cell self-renewal through histone modifications    pp195 - 206 Yang Wang, Yue Li, Minghui Yue, Jun Wang, Sandeep Kumar et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0057-1 Using a genetic approach, Wang et al. demonstrate an essential function for m6A mRNA modification in promoting neural stem cell proliferation and reveal interactions between m6A and histone modification as a novel gene regulatory mechanism.   Mutations in Vps15 perturb neuronal migration in mice and are associated with neurodevelopmental disease in humans    pp207 - 217 Thomas Gstrein, Andrew Edwards, Anna Pristoupilová, Ines Leca, Martin Breuss et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0053-5 The brain is a complex biological machine that results from the birth, migration and differentiation of neurons. This paper reports that Vps15 enables the migration and survival of neurons, and implicates the gene in neurodevelopmental disease.   Inhibitory circuit gating of auditory critical-period plasticity    pp218 - 227 Anne E. Takesian, Luke J. Bogart, Jeff W. Lichtman & Takao K. Hensch doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0064-2 The authors show that inhibitory interneurons in cortical layer 1 integrate topographically organized thalamic and neuromodulatory inputs to sculpt sound frequency maps in primary auditory cortex during a developmental critical period.   TDP-43 pathology disrupts nuclear pore complexes and nucleocytoplasmic transport in ALS/FTD    pp228 - 239 Ching-Chieh Chou, Yi Zhang, Mfon E. Umoh, Spencer W. Vaughan, Ileana Lorenzini et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0047-3 Pathological TDP-43 protein aggregates are a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. TDP-43 pathology alters the morphology of nuclear pore complexes and cause deficits in nucleocytoplasmic transport.   Dietary salt promotes neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction through a gut-initiated TH17 response    pp240 - 249 Giuseppe Faraco, David Brea, Lidia Garcia-Bonilla, Gang Wang, Gianfranco Racchumi et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0059-z A salt-rich diet promotes cerebrovascular diseases and dementia. This study shows that high dietary salt in mice induces a TH17 response in the gut leading to cerebral endothelial dysfunction and cognitive impairment via circulating IL-17.   Simple integration of fast excitation and offset, delayed inhibition computes directional selectivity in Drosophila     pp250 - 257 Eyal Gruntman, Sandro Romani & Michael B. Reiser doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0046-4 In the Drosophila visual system, T4 is the first cell type in the ON pathway to exhibit directionally selective signals. This directional selectivity originates from simple integration of spatially offset fast excitatory and slow inhibitory inputs.   Dentate network activity is necessary for spatial working memory by supporting CA3 sharp-wave ripple generation and prospective firing of CA3 neurons    pp258 - 269 Takuya Sasaki, Verónica C. Piatti, Ernie Hwaun, Siavash Ahmadi, John E. Lisman et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0061-5 Sasaki et al. reveal that the dentate gyrus not only performs pattern separation but also has a direct role in organizing memory-guided behavior by coordinating the planning of future actions.   Grid scale drives the scale and long-term stability of place maps    pp270 - 282 Caitlin S. Mallory, Kiah Hardcastle, Jason S. Bant & Lisa M. Giocomo doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0055-3 How entorhinal grid cells control hippocampal coding and behavior remains elusive. The authors report that increasing the spatial scale of grid cells expands the scale and reduces the stability of place fields, impairing spatial memory in mice.   Generalizable representations of pain, cognitive control, and negative emotion in medial frontal cortex    pp283 - 289 Philip A. Kragel, Michiko Kano, Lukas Van Oudenhove, Huynh Giao Ly, Patrick Dupont et al. doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0051-7 Assessing person-level human brain maps across 18 fMRI studies, the authors identify separable representations of pain, cognitive control, and negative emotion in the medial frontal cortex that generalize across different studies and tasks.   Advertisement Nature Mentoring Collection Offering advice and support to scientist mentors and their mentees Access the Collection>>   Resources   Conserved properties of dentate gyrus neurogenesis across postnatal development revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing    pp290 - 299 Hannah Hochgerner, Amit Zeisel, Peter Lönnerberg & Sten Linnarsson doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0056-2 Using single-cell RNA-seq, the authors show that early developmental neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is largely conserved in the adult, but with a perinatal transformation of stem cells to an adult type.   Advertisement Communications Biology: now publishing content    Communications Biology is a new open access journal publishing high-quality primary research articles, reviews and commentary which represent significant advances and new insights in the field of biology. 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