| The axolotl genome and the evolution of key tissue formation regulators OPEN Sequencing and assembly of the 32-Gb genome of the Mexican axolotl reveals that it lacks the developmental gene Pax3, which is essential in other vertebrates; the genome sequence could improve our understanding of the evolution of the axolotl’s remarkable regenerative capabilities. | Evolutionary routes and KRAS dosage define pancreatic cancer phenotypes Oncogenic dosage variation along distinct evolutionary routes defines fundamental aspects of pancreatic cancer biology and phenotypic diversification. | The genome of Schmidtea mediterranea and the evolution of core cellular mechanisms OPEN An improved genome assembly for Schmidtea mediterranea shows that the genome is highly polymorphic and repetitive, and lacks multiple genes encoding core components of cell biological mechanisms. | Biomechanics of predator–prey arms race in lion, zebra, cheetah and impala Analysis and modelling of locomotor characteristics of two pursuit predator–prey pairs show that hunts at lower speeds enable prey to use their maximum manoeuvring capacity and favour prey survival. | Structure and mechanogating mechanism of the Piezo1 channel | The atomic structure of a eukaryotic oligosaccharyltransferase complex | Strong disk winds traced throughout outbursts in black-hole X-ray binaries Analysis of the light curves of outbursts in black-hole X-ray binaries suggests that throughout the accretion process mass is lost from the accretion disks through strong, magnetically driven disk winds. | A parsec-scale optical jet from a massive young star in the Large Magellanic Cloud Observations of a highly collimated, parsec-scale jet emitted from a massive young stellar object in the Large Magellanic Cloud indicate that jet launching and collimation are independent of stellar mass. | The honeycomb maze provides a novel test to study hippocampal-dependent spatial navigation A newly designed honeycomb maze presents several advantages over current spatial navigation assays that include greater control over the rat’s choices throughout the task and the collection of electrophysiological data during navigation. | Tet2 promotes pathogen infection-induced myelopoiesis through mRNA oxidation A report of RNA 5-methylcytosine oxidation by mammalian Tet2, showing that Tet2 promotes infection-induced myelopoiesis in mice via a mechanism involving the repression of Socs3 mRNA, a previously unknown regulatory role of Tet2 at the epitranscriptomic level. | Innate and adaptive lymphocytes sequentially shape the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism Distinct populations of lymphocytes act sequentially during development to direct maturation of the mammalian gut microbiota. | Small-scale soft-bodied robot with multimodal locomotion A tiny soft-bodied robot is described that can be magnetically actuated to swim, climb, roll, walk and jump, while carrying a load. | Tissue-selective effects of nucleolar stress and rDNA damage in developmental disorders Mutations associated with Treacher Collins syndrome perturb the subnuclear localization of an RNA helicase involved in ribosome biogenesis through activation of p53 protein, illustrating how disruption in general regulators that compromise nucleolar homeostasis can result in tissue-selective malformations. | Mitochondrial translation requires folate-dependent tRNA methylation Mammalian mitochondria use folate-bound one-carbon units generated by the enzyme SHMT2 to methylate tRNA, and this modification is required for mitochondrial translation and thus oxidative phosphorylation. | A major lineage of non-tailed dsDNA viruses as unrecognized killers of marine bacteria Members of a family of marine dsDNA non-tailed bacterial viruses have short, 10-kb genomes, infect a broader range of hosts than tailed viruses and belong to the double jelly roll capsid lineage of viruses, which are associated with diverse bacterial and archaeal hosts. | Mitochondria–lysosome contacts regulate mitochondrial fission via RAB7 GTP hydrolysis Formation of inter-organelle contacts between mitochondria and lysosomes, regulated by lysosomal RAB7 GTP hydrolysis, allows for bidirectional regulation of mitochondrial and lysosomal dynamics. | Sequences enriched in Alu repeats drive nuclear localization of long RNAs in human cells | Structure of the D2 dopamine receptor bound to the atypical antipsychotic drug risperidone | | An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at a redshift of 7.5 Observations of a quasar at redshift 7.54, when the Universe was just five per cent of its current age, suggest that the Universe was significantly neutral at this epoch. Eduardo Bañados, Bram P. Venemans, Chiara Mazzucchelli et al. | Monitoring T cell–dendritic cell interactions in vivo by intercellular enzymatic labelling Interactions between receptors and ligands on immune cells are visualized in vivo and in vitro using an enzyme-tagged ligand that, when cells interact, leaves behind a detectable label on the receptor-expressing cell. Giulia Pasqual, Aleksey Chudnovskiy, Jeroen M. J. Tas et al. | Orbital misalignment of the Neptune-mass exoplanet GJ 436b with the spin of its cool star Mapping the three-dimensional trajectory of a Neptune-mass exoplanet across the disk of its cool star reveals that its orbit is nearly perpendicular to the stellar equator, implying the existence of a yet-undetected outer companion planet. Vincent Bourrier, Christophe Lovis, Hervé Beust et al. | Enhancement and sign change of magnetic correlations in a driven quantum many-body system By periodically modulating the position of degenerate fermions unidirectionally in a three-dimensional optical lattice, antiferromagnetic correlations in this many-body system can be reduced, enhanced or even switched to ferromagnetic correlations. Frederik Görg, Michael Messer, Kilian Sandholzer et al. | Regulation of embryonic haematopoietic multipotency by EZH1 The production of haematopoietic stem cells is repressed during early mammalian embryogenesis by an epigenetic mechanism that involves the action of the Polycomb protein EZH1. Linda T. Vo, Melissa A. Kinney, Xin Liu et al. | Clonal evolution mechanisms in NT5C2 mutant-relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Mutations in the nucleotidase-encoding gene NT5C2 drive chemotherapy resistance in relapsed acute lymphoid leukaemia but the mutations also lead to a loss-of-fitness phenotype and to collateral drug sensitivity, which could be exploited for therapy. Gannie Tzoneva, Chelsea L. Dieck, Koichi Oshima et al. | Structures of β-klotho reveal a ‘zip code’-like mechanism for endocrine FGF signalling Crystal structures of free and ligand-bound β-klotho reveal that it acts as a primary receptor for FGF21, and demonstrate how a sugar-cutting enzyme has evolved to become a receptor for hormones that regulate metabolic processes. Sangwon Lee, Jungyuen Choi, Jyotidarsini Mohanty et al. | A photophoretic-trap volumetric display Photophoretic optical trapping of cellulose particles and persistence of vision are used to produce real-space volumetric images that can be viewed from all angles, in geometries unachievable by holograms and light-field technologies. D. E. Smalley, E. Nygaard, K. Squire et al. | Early episodes of high-pressure core formation preserved in plume mantle Xenon isotopic anomalies found in modern plume rocks are explained as the result of iodine-to-plutonium fractionations during early, high-pressure episodes of core formation. Colin R. M. Jackson, Neil R. Bennett, Zhixue Du et al. | A Myc enhancer cluster regulates normal and leukaemic haematopoietic stem cell hierarchies A blood enhancer cluster forms a highly combinatorial system that allows precise control of Myc expression across normal and leukaemic haematopoietic stem cell hierarchies. Carsten Bahr, Lisa von Paleske, Veli V. Uslu et al. | Structure and mutagenesis reveal essential capsid protein interactions for KSHV replication Cryo-electron microscopy reveals the structure of the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus capsid, and experiments with polypeptides that mimic the smallest capsid protein demonstrate the potential for structure-derived insights to help to develop antiviral agents. Xinghong Dai, Danyang Gong, Hanyoung Lim et al. | Atomic structure of the eukaryotic intramembrane RAS methyltransferase ICMT The X-ray structure of the integral membrane protein isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase suggests mechanisms by which it recognizes both water-soluble and membrane-bound reactants to catalyse the methylation of RAS and other CAAX proteins at the membrane-cytosol interface. Melinda M. Diver, Leanne Pedi, Akiko Koide et al. | | | | |
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