Nature Chemical Biology Contents: January 2018, Volume 14 No 1 pp 1 - 101

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TABLE OF CONTENTS January 2018 Volume 14, Issue 1 Research Highlights News and Views Brief Communication Articles Advertisement Nature Collection: 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry    Nature Research present this Collection of articles celebrating the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson, recognised "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution".   Access the collection here >>   Produced with support from Thermo Fisher Scientific Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Research Highlights Top Microbiology: Trapping Rac1 | Resistance mechanisms: Watering down a warhead | RNA modifications: Ribosomes get decorated | Neurobiology: Defining your territory News and Views Top Protein engineering: Finding the best ligase   pp2 - 3 Christian F W Becker doi:10.1038/nchembio.2533 Modification of folded proteins at will, within any sequence context, remains an elusive goal. A proteome-wide screening approach has now identified a set of protein ligases that enables conjugation of peptides to almost any protein N terminus, overcoming longstanding limitations in protein engineering. See also: Article by Weeks & Wells Notch signaling: A sweet strategy   pp3 - 4 Tetsuya Okajima doi:10.1038/nchembio.2532 Glycosylation of Notch receptors regulates ligand-induced Notch signaling, which is essential for normal development in animals. Fucose analogs targeting Notch glycosylation serve as ligand-specific Notch inhibitors and facilitate the understanding of how O-glycan regulates Notch-ligand interactions. See also: Article by Schneider et al. Nature Chemical Biology JOBS of the week Research Assistant - FMI Group Liberali Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI) CEPAMS Group Leader Positions CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellow Boston Children's Hospital Tenured Professor Position UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO- College of Medicine Faculty Positions Thomas Jefferson University (TJU) More Science jobs from Nature Chemical Biology EVENT EMBL Conference: Chemical Biology 2018 29 August - 1 September 2018 Germany More science events from Brief Communication Top Monobactam formation in sulfazecin by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase thioesterase   pp5 - 7 Ryan A Oliver, Rongfeng Li and Craig A Townsend doi:10.1038/nchembio.2526 Biosynthesis of the antibiotic sulfazecin involves N-sulfonation in trans of the tripeptide intermediate before synthesis of the β-lactam ring by a noncanonical thioesterase domain, demonstrating a new enzymatic route to the azetidinone moiety. Chemical compounds Articles Top Purinyl-cobamide is a native prosthetic group of reductive dehalogenases   pp8 - 14 Jun Yan, Meng Bi, Allen K Bourdon, Abigail T Farmer, Po-Hsiang Wang et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2512 In organohalide-respiring bacteria, reductive dehalogenases cleave carbon-halogen bonds using cobamide prosthetic groups. Desulfitobacterium hafniense uses an unprecedented cobamide variant, which includes unsubstituted purine, for this function. Chemical compounds Ultrasensitive optical imaging with lanthanide lumiphores   pp15 - 21 Ukrae Cho, Daniel P Riordan, Paulina Ciepla, Kiranmai S Kocherlakota, James K Chen et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2513 Ultrasensitive imaging of lanthanide chelates is achieved by integrating transreflected illumination, luminescence resonance energy transfer, and time-resolved microscopy. Metabolomics-based discovery of a metabolite that enhances oligodendrocyte maturation   pp22 - 28 Brittney A Beyer, Mingliang Fang, Benjamin Sadrian, J Rafael Montenegro-Burke, Warren C Plaisted et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2517 Mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis of oligodendrocyte differentiation led to the identification of an endogenous metabolite, taurine, that enhanced the process of drug-induced OPC differentiation. Synthetic microbial consortia enable rapid assembly of pure translation machinery   pp29 - 35 Fernando Villarreal, Luis E Contreras-Llano, Michael Chavez, Yunfeng Ding, Jinzhen Fan et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2514 Strains of Escherichia coli, each expressing a subset of the 34 translation machinery proteins, are grown in synthetic microbial consortia to enable the efficient isolation of the full machinery from a single culturing, lysis, and purification procedure. Top-down characterization of endogenous protein complexes with native proteomics   pp36 - 41 Owen S Skinner, Nicole A Haverland, Luca Fornelli, Rafael D Melani, Luis H F Do Vale et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2515 A multistage tandem mass spectrometry approach enables the application of native proteomics to characterize intact endogenous protein complexes in discovery mode, including covalent modifications as well as noncovalently bound cofactors and ligands. Nonimmune cells equipped with T-cell-receptor-like signaling for cancer cell ablation   pp42 - 49 Ryosuke Kojima, Leo Scheller and Martin Fussenegger doi:10.1038/nchembio.2498 Engineering of nonimmune cells with a cell-contact sensor and antigen recognition domains enables cell-contact-dependent sensor cell signaling and effector molecule production directed to attack target cells, providing an alternative strategy to chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) technology. Engineering peptide ligase specificity by proteomic identification of ligation sites   pp50 - 57 Amy M Weeks and James A Wells doi:10.1038/nchembio.2521 A comprehensive characterization of peptide ligase specificity using proteome-derived peptide libraries enables the identification of 72 new subtiligases and their application to site-specific bioconjugation and sequencing of the cellular N terminome. Chemical compounds See also: News and Views by Becker Small-molecule inhibition of TLR8 through stabilization of its resting state   pp58 - 64 Shuting Zhang, Zhenyi Hu, Hiromi Tanji, Shuangshuang Jiang, Nabanita Das et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2518 High-throughput screening identified potent small-molecule inhibitors of the endosomal Toll-like receptor TLR8 that stabilize the preformed TLR8 dimer in its resting state by binding to a unique site on the inactive dimer interface. Chemical compounds Inhibition of Delta-induced Notch signaling using fucose analogs   pp65 - 71 Michael Schneider, Vivek Kumar, Lars Ulrik Nordstrom, Lei Feng, Hideyuki Takeuchi et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2520 Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Pofut1) regulates Notch activity by adding O-fucose residues to its extracellular domain. Fucose analogs were identified that inhibited Delta-mediated Notch binding and activation but spared Jagged1-mediated signaling. Chemical compounds See also: News and Views by Okajima 5-Formylcytosine to cytosine conversion by C-C bond cleavage in vivo   pp72 - 78 Katharina Iwan, Rene Rahimoff, Angie Kirchner, Fabio Spada, Arne S Schroder et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2531 Direct conversion of 5-fdC into dC by C-C bond breakage is revealed by metabolic tracing studies through incorporation of synthetic stable isotope- and (R)-2′-fluorine-labeled dC and fdC derivatives into the genome of cultured mammalian cells. Chemical compounds PatB1 is an O-acetyltransferase that decorates secondary cell wall polysaccharides   pp79 - 85 David Sychantha, Dustin J Little, Robert N Chapman, Geert-Jan Boons, Howard Robinson et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2509 A chemically synthesized analog of Bacillus cereus secondary cell wall polysaccharide (SCWP) facilitates the identification of PatB1 as a SCWP O-acetyltransferase, and the structure of PatB1 provides insights into its catalytic mechanism. Chemical compounds Synthetic beta cells for fusion-mediated dynamic insulin secretion   pp86 - 93 Zhaowei Chen, Jinqiang Wang, Wujin Sun, Edikan Archibong, Anna R Kahkoska et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2511 Synthetic beta cells were fabricated through 'vesicles-in-vesicle' liposomal superstructures equipped with glucose-sensing and membrane-fusion machinery, thus enabling sensing of graded glucose levels and secretion of insulin via fusion processes. Small molecule promotes β-catenin citrullination and inhibits Wnt signaling in cancer   pp94 - 101 Yi Qu, Jan Roger Olsen, Xing Yuan, Phil F Cheng, Mitchell P Levesque et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2510 The small molecule nitazoxanide (NTZ) was identified as a Wnt inhibitor by promoting protein citrullination of β-catenin through increased cytosolic calcium and PAD2 protein stabilization. β-catenin citrullination results in proteasomal degradation. Chemical compounds Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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