Nature Structural & Molecular Biology Contents: 2017 Volume #24 pp 683 - 782

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Advertisement npj Molecular Phenomics is an online-only, open access journal that provides a forum for cutting-edge scientific advances in the emerging field of phenomics, the study of the physical and chemical characteristics of an individual in quantitative terms. Part of the Nature Partner Journals series, npj Molecular Phenomics is published in partnership with Fudan University. The journal is now open for submissions. Find out more >>> TABLE OF CONTENTS September 2017 Volume 24, Issue 9 News and Views Review Articles   Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   News and Views Top Identification of an allosteric network that influences assembly and function of group II chaperonins   pp683 - 684 Mingliang Jin and Yao Cong doi:10.1038/nsmb.3459 Group II chaperonins facilitate protein folding by undergoing ATP-driven conformational changes. A recent study reveals a tunable allosteric network in group II chaperonins that includes a residue at the intersubunit interface, which is important for assembly and allosteric coordination. The authors also propose that lower cooperativity allows group II chaperonins to achieve optimal substrate folding over a broad range of ATP concentrations. See also: Article by Lopez et al. Oocyte-derived histone H3 lysine 27 methylation controls gene expression in the early embryo   pp685 - 686 Rakesh Pathak and Robert Feil doi:10.1038/nsmb.3456 The monoallelic expression of many imprinted genes in mammals depends on DNA methylation marks that originate from the germ cells. Recent studies in mice and fruit flies evoke a novel, transient mode of genomic imprinting in which oocyte-acquired histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) marks are transmitted to the zygote and modulate the allele specificity and timing of gene expression in the early embryo.   Aging: rewiring the circadian clock   pp687 - 688 Rika Ohkubo and Danica Chen doi:10.1038/nsmb.3461 The robustness of the circadian clock deteriorates with aging. Two new studies show that aging reprograms the circadian transcriptome in a cell-type-dependent manner and that such rewiring can be reversed by caloric restriction.   A tripartite interface that regulates vesicle fusion   p688 Ines Chen doi:10.1038/nsmb.3468   Structural & Molecular Biology JOBS of the week Postdoctoral researcher in Biochemistry / Molecular Biology International Clinical Research Center Director - Clinical Genomic Care Sidra Medical and Research Centre Postdoctoral Fellowships in Biomedical Science (Cancer Research) Columbia University Medical Center Assistant Professor of Oncology McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Postdoctoral position in Biochemistry Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i. (IOCB) More Science jobs from Structural & Molecular Biology EVENT 14th Horizons in Molecular Biology Symposium 11.09.17 Goettingen, Germany More science events from Review Top Eukaryotic ribosome assembly, transport and quality control   pp689 - 699 Cohue Pena, Ed Hurt and Vikram Govind Panse doi:10.1038/nsmb.3454 In this Review, Pena, Hurt and Panse discuss our current knowledge on the eukaryotic ribosome assembly, a complex process that takes place across different cellular compartments and involves over 200 assembly factors.   Articles Top Rps26 directs mRNA-specific translation by recognition of Kozak sequence elements   pp700 - 707 Max B Ferretti, Homa Ghalei, Ethan A Ward, Elizabeth L Potts and Katrin Karbstein doi:10.1038/nsmb.3442 Rps26 promotes translation by recognition of the Kozak sequence in well-translated mRNAs, whereas exposure to cellular stress leads to formation of Rps26-deficient ribosomes, which preferentially translate stress-response mRNAs with Kozak sequence deviations.   Decoding the selectivity of eIF2α holophosphatases and PPP1R15A inhibitors   pp708 - 716 Marta Carrara, Anna Sigurdardottir and Anne Bertolotti doi:10.1038/nsmb.3443 The activities of human holophosphatases R15A-PP1 and R15B-PP1 on substrate eIF2α are now reconstituted in vitro, revealing that inhibitors Guanabenz and Sephin1 induce a selective conformational change in R15A and impair the recruitment of eIF2α.   Katanin spiral and ring structures shed light on power stroke for microtubule severing   pp717 - 725 Elena Zehr, Agnieszka Szyk, Grzegorz Piszczek, Ewa Szczesna, Xiaobing Zuo et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3448 Using a combination of crystallography, SAXS and cryo-EM, the katanin hexamer is observed in spiral or ring arrangements, suggesting a mechanism to generate the power stroke to severe microtubules.   An information theoretic framework reveals a tunable allosteric network in group II chaperonins   pp726 - 733 Tom Lopez, Kevin Dalton, Anthony Tomlinson, Vijay Pande and Judith Frydman doi:10.1038/nsmb.3440 Identification of a tunable network of covarying residues within group II chaperonins suggests how these proteins support robust folding of their clients over a wide range of metabolic conditions. See also: News and Views by Jin & Cong TRF2 binds branched DNA to safeguard telomere integrity   pp734 - 742 Isabelle Schmutz, Leonid Timashev, Wei Xie, Dinshaw J Patel and Titia de Lange doi:10.1038/nsmb.3451 Functional analysis of TRF2-RuvC chimeras establishes that binding of the TRF2 basic domain to branched-DNA structures of the t-loop is responsible for telomere protection in mouse and human cells.   Structural basis of TIR-domain-assembly formation in MAL- and MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling   pp743 - 751 Thomas Ve, Parimala R Vajjhala, Andrew Hedger, Tristan Croll, Frank DiMaio et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3444 Structural insight into TIR-domain interactions, which are essential for the recruitment of signaling adapters to Toll-like receptors during innate immune responses, demonstrates a conserved interaction mode involved in both TLR and IL-1R signaling.   An antimicrobial peptide that inhibits translation by trapping release factors on the ribosome   pp752 - 757 Tanja Florin, Cristina Maracci, Michael Graf, Prajwal Karki, Dorota Klepacki et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3439 Antimicrobial peptide Api137 inhibits translation by trapping release factors 1 or 2 associated with ribosomes and arresting termination.   X-ray structures of endothelin ETB receptor bound to clinical antagonist bosentan and its analog   pp758 - 764 Wataru Shihoya, Tomohiro Nishizawa, Keitaro Yamashita, Asuka Inoue, Kunio Hirata et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3450 Crystal structures of human endothelin ETB receptor bound to bosentan and to ETB-selective derivative provide insight into the basis of antagonism by these drugs.   Constraints and consequences of the emergence of amino acid repeats in eukaryotic proteins   pp765 - 777 Sreenivas Chavali, Pavithra L Chavali, Guilhem Chalancon, Natalia Sanchez de Groot, Rita Gemayel et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3441 Computational analyses of the yeast proteome and experimental work show that homorepeats facilitate protein-protein interactions and rapid protein divergence. To balance their propensity to aggregate, homorepeats are preferentially retained in proteins that are stringently regulated.   Hydroxylation of a conserved tRNA modification establishes non-universal genetic code in echinoderm mitochondria   pp778 - 782 Asuteka Nagao, Mitsuhiro Ohara, Kenjyo Miyauchi, Shin-ichi Yokobori, Akihiko Yamagishi et al. doi:10.1038/nsmb.3449 In echinoderm mitochondria, the codon AAA encodes asparagine instead of lysine. A newly identified nucleoside modification, hydroxy-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ht6A), is found adjacent to the anticodon in mt-tRNALys and prevents mt-tRNALys from misreading AAA as lysine.   Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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