Nature Geoscience contents: September 2017 Volume 10 Number 9 pp615-708

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Advertisement nature.com webcasts Nature Research Custom presents a webcast on: The future of nourishing the world sustainably Thursday, September 14 2017 8AM PDT | 11AM EDT| 4PM BST |5PM CEST Register for FREE Sponsored by:  Nestlé Research TABLE OF CONTENTS September 2017 Volume 10, Issue 9 Editorial Commentary News and Views Reviews Articles   Advertisement   npj Clean Water: open for submissions An open access, online-only journal, dedicated to publishing high-quality papers that describe the significant and cutting-edge research that continues to ensure the supply of clean water to populations.   Explore the benefits of submitting your next manuscript >>   Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Editorial Top Skewed demographics   p615 doi:10.1038/ngeo3026 Scientists based in North America and men are overrepresented in our authors' reviewer suggestions. Commentary Top Acts of God, human influence and litigation   pp616 - 619 Sophie Marjanac, Lindene Patton & James Thornton doi:10.1038/ngeo3019 Developments in attribution science are improving our ability to detect human influence on extreme weather events. By implication, the legal duties of government, business and others to manage foreseeable harms are broadening, and may lead to more climate change litigation. News and Views Top Cryospheric science: Asia's glacier changes   pp621 - 622 Daniel Farinotti doi:10.1038/ngeo2995 Mass changes in High Mountain Asia's glaciers have been under dispute for almost a decade. An analysis of satellite data archives provides an observation-based mass budget for every single glacier in the region. See also: Article by Brun et al. Venus: Jet-setting atmosphere   pp622 - 623 Alain Hauchecorne doi:10.1038/ngeo3022 A fast equatorial jet in the Venusian cloud layer has been revealed by the Akatsuki orbiter by tracking cloud movement in near-infrared images. The findings suggest that the Venusian atmosphere is more variable than previously thought. See also: Article by Horinouchi et al. Plate tectonics: Crustal recycling evolution   pp623 - 624 Valentina Magni doi:10.1038/ngeo3015 The processes that form and recycle continental crust have changed through time. Numerical models reveal an evolution from extensive recycling on early Earth as the lower crust peeled away, to limited recycling via slab break-off today. See also: Article by Chowdhury et al. Deep mantle: Enriched carbon source detected   pp625 - 627 Peter H. Barry doi:10.1038/ngeo3001 Estimates of carbon in the deep mantle vary by more than an order of magnitude. Coupled volcanic CO2 emission data and magma supply rates reveal a carbon-rich mantle plume source region beneath Hawai'i with 40% more carbon than previous estimates. See also: Article by Anderson & Poland Sketch-up: Snowstorms on Mars   p625 James Tuttle Keane doi:10.1038/ngeo3023 See also: Article by Spiga et al. Geoscience JOBS of the week Tenure Track Assistant Professor In Tectonics University of Victoria Assistant Professor - Late-Quaternary Climate Science Syracuse Univeristy Scientist or Technical Scientist at ICliP, JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) More Science jobs from Geoscience EVENT 2018 2nd International Conference on Mechanical, Material and Aerospace Engineering (2MAE 2018) 10.05.18 Wuhan, China More science events from Reviews Top Metal availability and the expanding network of microbial metabolisms in the Archaean eon   pp629 - 636 Eli K. Moore, Benjamin I. Jelen, Donato Giovannelli, Hagai Raanan & Paul G. Falkowski doi:10.1038/ngeo3006 Microbial metabolisms depend on enzymes that contain trace metals. A synthesis of molecular and geochemical data shows that these metabolic pathways evolved alongside changing marine availability of trace metals during the Precambrian.   Tidal controls on river delta morphology   pp637 - 645 A. J. F. Hoitink, Z. B. Wang, B. Vermeulen, Y. Huismans & K. Kastner doi:10.1038/ngeo3000 River deltas are shaped by interactions between fluvial and tidal processes. Tides act to stabilize delta morphology, but sediment depletion due to human activities disrupts the balance and leads to erosion and scour.   Advertisement An open access, online-only, multidisciplinary research journal dedicated to publishing the most important scientific advances in the life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering fields that are facilitated by spaceflight and analogue platforms.   Explore the benefits of submitting your next research article.   Articles Top Equatorial jet in the lower to middle cloud layer of Venus revealed by Akatsuki   pp646 - 651 Takeshi Horinouchi, Shin-ya Murakami, Takehiko Satoh, Javier Peralta, Kazunori Ogohara et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo3016 Venus is covered by thick clouds that move with the prevailing winds. Images from JAXA's Akatsuki orbiter taken in July 2016 reveal more variability deep in the cloud layer than expected, including a feature consistent with an equatorial jet. See also: News and Views by Hauchecorne Snow precipitation on Mars driven by cloud-induced night-time convection   pp652 - 657 Aymeric Spiga, David P. Hinson, Jean-Baptiste Madeleine, Thomas Navarro, Ehouarn Millour et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo3008 The Martian atmosphere hosts water-ice clouds, but it is thought that any snow precipitation settles slowly, rather than in storms. Martian meteorology simulations suggest that localized convective snowstorms can occur on Mars during the night. See also: News and Views by Keane Large sulfur isotope fractionations in Martian sediments at Gale crater   pp658 - 662 H. B. Franz, A. C. McAdam, D. W. Ming, C. Freissinet, P. R. Mahaffy et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo3002 Ancient Mars may have had an active sulfur cycle. In situ analyses by the Curiosity rover reveal large variations in the current sulfur isotopic composition of Martian sediments that can be explained by geologic and atmospheric processes.   The strength of the meridional overturning circulation of the stratosphere   pp663 - 667 Marianna Linz, R. Alan Plumb, Edwin P. Gerber, Florian J. Haenel, Gabriele Stiller et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo3013 The strength of the global meridional overturning circulation in the stratosphere is uncertain. An analysis of satellite data, reanalyses and model simulations reveals a strength of 6.3-7.6 × 109 kg s-1, but no convergence at higher altitudes.   A spatially resolved estimate of High Mountain Asia glacier mass balances from 2000 to 2016   pp668 - 673 Fanny Brun, Etienne Berthier, Patrick Wagnon, Andreas Kaab & Desiree Treichler doi:10.1038/ngeo2999 Glacier mass balances in High Mountain Asia are uncertain. Satellite stereo-imagery allows a spatially resolved estimate for about 92% of the glacierized area and yields a region-wide average of about 16 Gt yr-1 for 2000 to 2016. See also: News and Views by Farinotti Small fraction of marine cloud condensation nuclei made up of sea spray aerosol   pp674 - 679 P. K. Quinn, D. J. Coffman, J. E. Johnson, L. M. Upchurch & T. S. Bates doi:10.1038/ngeo3003 Sea spray aerosols are thought to alter cloud properties in remote ocean regions. Aerosol analyses over four ocean regions reveal that these aerosols represent less than 30% of cloud condensation nuclei in typical marine boundary layer clouds.   Rapid post-seismic landslide evacuation boosted by dynamic river width   pp680 - 684 Thomas Croissant, Dimitri Lague, Philippe Steer & Philippe Davy doi:10.1038/ngeo3005 How rivers evacuate large landslide deposits is crucial for predicting post-seismic hazards. A 2D hydro-sedimentary model demonstrates that a narrowing river channel increases sediment transport, which reduces export time by orders of magnitude.   Fluid-driven metamorphism of the continental crust governed by nanoscale fluid flow   pp685 - 690 Oliver Plumper, Alexandru Botan, Catharina Los, Yang Liu, Anders Malthe-Sorenssen et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo3009 Fluid flow in Earth's crust redistributes minerals. Nanoscale imaging and molecular dynamics simulations suggest this flow is controlled by electrokinetic transport phenomena, highlighting the importance of nanoscale processes in metamorphism.   Anatomy of a meltwater drainage system beneath the ancestral East Antarctic ice sheet   pp691 - 697 Lauren M. Simkins, John B. Anderson, Sarah L. Greenwood, Helge M. Gonnermann, Lindsay O. Prothro et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo3012 The East Antarctic ice sheet was larger than present during past cold periods. Seafloor geophysical data show that in the Ross Sea, the extended ice sheet was underlain by an active hydrologic system during the glacial termination.   Emergence of silicic continents as the lower crust peels off on a hot plate-tectonic Earth   pp698 - 703 Priyadarshi Chowdhury, Taras Gerya & Sumit Chakraborty doi:10.1038/ngeo3010 The processes for crustal recycling during the Archaean are unclear. Numerical simulations suggest that dense lower crust would have peeled off into the mantle, leading to a rapid concentration of buoyant silicic rocks that formed the continents. See also: News and Views by Magni Abundant carbon in the mantle beneath Hawai'i   pp704 - 708 Kyle R. Anderson & Michael P. Poland doi:10.1038/ngeo3007 Estimates of the carbon content of Earth's mantle and magmas vary. Analysis and modelling of gas emissions at Hawai'i indicate that the amount of carbon in the Hawaiian mantle plume and CO2 in Hawaiian lavas is 40% greater than previously thought. See also: News and Views by Barry Advertisement npj Climate and Atmospheric Science: open for submissions An open access, online-only journal providing researchers, policy makers and the public with the latest research on weather and climate, publishing high-quality papers that focus on topics including climate dynamics, climate variability, weather and climate prediction, climate change, weather extremes, atmospheric composition including aerosols, the hydrological cycle and atmosphere-ocean interactions.   Find out more >>   Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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