Nature Climate Change Contents: September 2017 Volume 7 Number 9 pp 611-670

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Advertisement Measure ecosystem-level gas exchange Announcing the EddyFlux System for simplified eddy covariance measurements. Included is the new LI-7500DS Open Path CO2/H2O Analyzer in a lower cost configuration, with even lower power requirements. See the new EddyFlux System TABLE OF CONTENTS September 2017 Volume 7, Issue 9 Editorial Correspondence Commentaries Research Highlights News and Views Perspective Letters Article   Advertisement   Nature Research Custom presents a webcast on: The future of nourishing the world sustainably Thursday, September 14 2017 8AM PDT | 11AM EDT| 4PM BST |5PM CEST  Register for FREE Sponsored by:  Nestlé Research    Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter       Editorial Top Getting involved p611 doi:10.1038/nclimate3388 Public participation in climate change research is reaching new-found heights due to an explosion in the number and diversity of citizen-science projects. These offer distinct opportunities for scientists to encourage education and outreach whilst maximising scientific gain. Correspondence Top Transparent scenario development p613 Henrik Carlsen, Richard J. T. Klein and Per Wikman-Svahn doi:10.1038/nclimate3379 Commentaries Top Improving the use of climate information in decision-making pp614 - 616 Chris D. Hewitt, Roger C. Stone and Andrew B. Tait doi:10.1038/nclimate3378 To enable society to better manage the risks and opportunities arising from changes in climate, engagement between the users and the providers of climate information needs to be much more effective and should better link climate information with decision-making. Solar geoengineering reduces atmospheric carbon burden pp617 - 619 David W. Keith, Gernot Wagner and Claire L. Zabel doi:10.1038/nclimate3376 Solar geoengineering is no substitute for cutting emissions, but could nevertheless help reduce the atmospheric carbon burden. In the extreme, if solar geoengineering were used to hold radiative forcing constant under RCP8.5, the carbon burden may be reduced by ∼100 GTC, equivalent to 12–26% of twenty-first-century emissions at a cost of under US$0.5 per tCO2. Catalysing a political shift from low to negative carbon pp619 - 621 Glen P. Peters and Oliver Geden doi:10.1038/nclimate3369 Policymakers are beginning to understand the scale of carbon dioxide removal that is required to keep global warming “well below 2 °C”. This understanding must now be translated into policies that give business the incentive to research, develop and deploy the required technologies. Climate risks across borders and scales pp621 - 623 Andrew J. Challinor, W. Neil Adger and Tim G. Benton doi:10.1038/nclimate3380 Changing climates are outpacing some components of our food systems. Risk assessments need to account for these rates of change. Assessing risk transmission mechanisms across sectors and international boundaries and coordinating policies across governments are key steps in addressing this challenge. Research Highlights Top Air pollution: Wildfire threats | Geoengineering: Perceived controllability | Climate dynamics: Tropics to stratosphere | Health impacts: Plant protein changes News and Views Top Flooding: Prioritizing protection? pp625 - 626 Pascal Peduzzi doi:10.1038/nclimate3362 With climate change, urban development and economic growth, more assets and infrastructures will be exposed to flooding. Now research shows that investments in flood protection are globally beneficial, but have varied levels of benefit locally. See also: Letter by Philip J. Ward et al. Nature Climate Change JOBS of the week Lecturer in Climate Change and the Environment (4 posts) Imperial College London Tenure Track Assistant Professor In Physical Climate Science University of Victoria Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Microbiology / Molecular Ecology Universität Bremen Scientist or Technical Scientist at ICliP, JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) More Science jobs from Nature Climate Change EVENT Conference on Global Climate (CGC 2018) 23.03.18 Guilin, China More science events from Advertisement npj Climate and Atmospheric Science: open for submissions An open access, online-only journal providing researchers, policy makers and the public with the latest research on weather and climate, publishing high-quality papers that focus on topics including climate dynamics, climate variability, weather and climate prediction, climate change, weather extremes, atmospheric composition including aerosols, the hydrological cycle and atmosphere-ocean interactions.   Find out more >>    Perspective Top Rapid adaptive responses to climate change in corals pp627 - 636 Gergely Torda, Jennifer M. Donelson, Manuel Aranda, Daniel J. Barshis, Line Bay, Michael L. Berumen, David G. Bourne, Neal Cantin, Sylvain Foret, Mikhail Matz, David J. Miller, Aurelie Moya, Hollie M. Putnam, Timothy Ravasi, Madeleine J. H. van Oppen, Rebecca Vega Thurber, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Christian R. Voolstra, Sue-Ann Watson, Emma Whitelaw, Bette L. Willis and Philip L. Munday doi:10.1038/nclimate3374 Pivotal to projecting the fate of coral reefs is the capacity of reef-building corals to acclimatize and adapt to climate change. Transgenerational plasticity may enable some marine organisms to acclimatize over several generations and it has been hypothesized that epigenetic processes and microbial associations might facilitate adaptive responses. However, current evidence is equivocal and understanding of the underlying processes is limited. Here, we discuss prospects for observing transgenerational plasticity in corals and the mechanisms that could enable adaptive plasticity in the coral holobiont, including the potential role of epigenetics and coral-associated microbes. Well-designed and strictly controlled experiments are needed to distinguish transgenerational plasticity from other forms of plasticity, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and their relative importance compared with genetic adaptation. Letters Top Less than 2 °C warming by 2100 unlikely pp637 - 641 Adrian E. Raftery, Alec Zimmer, Dargan M. W. Frierson, Richard Startz and Peiran Liu doi:10.1038/nclimate3352 Using a fully statistical approach, the paper shows that the most likely range of cumulative CO2 emissions includes the IPCC’s two middle scenarios but not the extreme ones. Carbon intensity reduction should accelerate to achieve the 1.5 °C warming target. A global framework for future costs and benefits of river-flood protection in urban areas pp642 - 646 Philip J. Ward, Brenden Jongman, Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts, Paul D. Bates, Wouter J. W. Botzen, Andres Diaz Loaiza, Stephane Hallegatte, Jarl M. Kind, Jaap Kwadijk, Paolo Scussolini and Hessel C. Winsemius doi:10.1038/nclimate3350 Managing future flood risk is necessary to minimize costs and achieve maximum benefit from investment. This study presents a framework to assess urban structural protection under climate change and socio-economic development. See also: News and Views by Pascal Peduzzi Future global mortality from changes in air pollution attributable to climate change pp647 - 651 Raquel A. Silva, J. Jason West, Jean-François Lamarque, Drew T. Shindell, William J. Collins, Greg Faluvegi, Gerd A. Folberth, Larry W. Horowitz, Tatsuya Nagashima, Vaishali Naik, Steven T. Rumbold, Kengo Sudo, Toshihiko Takemura, Daniel Bergmann, Philip Cameron-Smith, Ruth M. Doherty, Beatrice Josse, Ian A. MacKenzie, David S. Stevenson and Guang Zeng doi:10.1038/nclimate3354 The effect of ozone and fine particulate matter on human health is dependent on emissions and climate change. Here the effects of climate change on air pollution mortality are isolated, with increases predicted in all regions except Africa. Committed warming inferred from observations pp652 - 655 Thorsten Mauritsen and Robert Pincus doi:10.1038/nclimate3357 Even if fossil-fuel emissions were to cease immediately, continued anthropogenic warming is expected. Here, observation-based estimates indicate there is a 13% risk that committed warming already exceeds the 1.5 K Paris target. Enhanced warming of the subtropical mode water in the North Pacific and North Atlantic pp656 - 658 Shusaku Sugimoto, Kimio Hanawa, Tomowo Watanabe, Toshio Suga and Shang-Ping Xie doi:10.1038/nclimate3371 Warming of surface ocean waters is well known, but how the subsurface waters are changing is less clear. This study shows that subtropical mode water in the North Atlantic and North Pacific is warming at twice the rate of the surface waters. Unexpected changes in community size structure in a natural warming experiment pp659 - 663 Eoin J. O’Gorman, Lei Zhao, Doris E. Pichler, Georgina Adams, Nikolai Friberg, Björn C. Rall, Alex Seeney, Huayong Zhang, Daniel C. Reuman and Guy Woodward doi:10.1038/nclimate3368 A warmer climate is generally expected to favour smaller organisms and steeper body-mass–abundance scaling through food webs. Results from across a stream temperature gradient now show that this effect can be offset by increasing nutrient supply. Article Top Karakoram temperature and glacial melt driven by regional atmospheric circulation variability pp664 - 670 Nathan Forsythe, Hayley J. Fowler, Xiao-Feng Li, Stephen Blenkinsop and David Pritchard doi:10.1038/nclimate3361 The mass balance of glaciers will influence regional water resources in the Himalayas. Changes in atmospheric dynamics, the Karakoram vortex contraction, and interaction with the monsoon influence the glacial melt of the region. Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Research portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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