| Prove Paris was more than paper promises All major industrialized countries are failing to meet the pledges they made to cut greenhouse-gas emissions, warn David G. Victor and colleagues. David G. Victor, Keigo Akimoto, Yoichi Kaya et al. | Summer books Head up to the heights of summer reading — picked by our regular reviewers — as labs and lecture halls empty. Sharon Weinberger, Louise Humphrey, Anne-Emanuelle Birn et al. | | | | |
| Microbiology: The case of the mysterious messenger Bacteria and archaea use an innate immune system called CRISPR–Cas to combat viral infection. The identification of a family of molecules that play a key part in this system deepens our understanding of such immunity. | Biotechnology: At the heart of gene edits in human embryos The gene-editing technology CRISPR–Cas has been used in human embryos grown in vitro to correct a disease-associated mutation. The introduction of editing components at fertilization aided repair efficiency. | Cell biology: Healthy skin rejects cancer Live imaging shows that healthy skin cells surround and expel neighbours that have cancer-promoting mutations, revealing that tissues can recognize and eliminate mutant cells to prevent tumour initiation. | Cancer genomics: Human metastases under scrutiny Sequences of the DNA and RNA of 500 human cancers that have spread from their primary site in the body take us a step closer to the convergence of basic science and patient benefit. | Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing is used to induce a DNA repair response and correct a disease-causing heterozygous mutation in human embryos with reduced mosaicism and preferential repair using the wild-type copy of the gene. | Integrative clinical genomics of metastatic cancer Clinical exome and transcriptome sequencing of 500 adult patients with metastatic solid tumours of diverse lineage and biopsy site, as part of the Michigan Oncology Sequencing (MI-ONCOSEQ) Program. | Artificial light at night as a new threat to pollination The pollination service provided by nocturnal flower visitors is disrupted near streetlamps, which leads to a reduced reproductive output of the plant that cannot be compensated for by daytime pollinators; in addition, the structure of combined nocturnal and diurnal pollination networks facilitates the spread of the consequences of disrupted night-time pollination to daytime pollinators. | Tumours with class 3 BRAF mutants are sensitive to the inhibition of activated RAS Hypoactive BRAF mutants bind more tightly than wild type to the upstream regulator RAS, thus amplifying ERK signalling; tumours expressing these mutants require coexistent mechanisms for RAS activation to grow and are sensitive to their inhibition. | A Braf kinase-inactive mutant induces lung adenocarcinoma Kinase-inactive Braf mutants can initiate the development of lung adenocarcinoma in mice; co-expression of activated Kras enhances tumour initiation and progression, and wild-type Braf is required to sustain tumorigenesis. | Correction of aberrant growth preserves tissue homeostasis Intravital imaging reveals unanticipated plasticity of adult skin epithelium in mice when faced with mutational or non-mutational insults, and elucidates the dynamic cellular behaviours used for its return to a homeostatic state. | High-temperature crystallization of nanocrystals into three-dimensional superlattices A bottom-up process to achieve rapid growth of micrometre-sized three-dimensional nanocrystal superlattices during colloidal synthesis at high temperatures is revealed by in situ small-angle X-ray scattering; the process is applicable to several colloidal materials. | Genetic origins of the Minoans and Mycenaeans New genome-wide data for ancient, Bronze Age individuals, including Minoans, Mycenaeans, and southwestern Anatolians, show that Minoans and Mycenaeans were genetically very similar yet distinct, supporting the idea of continuity but not isolation in the history of populations of the Aegean. | Proteins evolve on the edge of supramolecular self-assembly Introducing a single 'sticky' (hydrophobic) amino acid by point mutation into symmetric protein complexes frequently triggers their association into higher-order assemblies, without affecting their native fold and structure. | Mitotic progression following DNA damage enables pattern recognition within micronuclei The authors report a link between mitosis, the formation of micronuclei and DNA-damage-induced cGAS-dependent inflammation. | Metabolic control of TH17 and induced Treg cell balance by an epigenetic mechanism Metabolic changes in T cells can affect the genomic methylation status of key transcription factors and regulate the fate decision between induced regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells. | ISWI chromatin remodellers sense nucleosome modifications to determine substrate preference | | Brief Communications Arising | | | An ultrahot gas-giant exoplanet with a stratosphere Observations of the gas-giant exoplanet WASP-121b reveal near-infrared emission lines of water, suggesting that the planet has a stratosphere—a layer in the upper atmosphere where temperature increases with altitude. Thomas M. Evans, David K. Sing, Tiffany Kataria et al. | Rapid elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV by immunization in cows Immunization of cows with a recombinant HIV envelope protein leads to the rapid development of potent, broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV. Devin Sok, Khoa M. Le, Melissa Vadnais et al. | Global Λ hyperon polarization in nuclear collisions The measurement of an alignment between the angular momentum of a non-central collision between heavy ions and the spin of emitted particles reveals that the fluid produced in the collision is extremely vortical. The STAR Collaboration, L. Adamczyk, J. K. Adkins et al. | Observation of the hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen OPEN The hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen has been measured and is consistent with expectations for atomic hydrogen. M. Ahmadi, B. X. R. Alves, C. J. Baker et al. | Quantum simulation of a Fermi–Hubbard model using a semiconductor quantum dot array A quantum simulation platform based on quantum dots is reported that can operate at relatively low temperatures, and its utility is shown by simulating a Fermi–Hubbard model. T. Hensgens, T. Fujita, L. Janssen et al. | Visible-light-driven methane formation from CO2 with a molecular iron catalyst An iron tetraphenylporphyrin complex is shown to catalyse the reduction of carbon dioxide to methane upon visible light irradiation at ambient temperature and pressure. Heng Rao, Luciana C. Schmidt, Julien Bonin et al. | Elements of Eoarchean life trapped in mineral inclusions In situ infrared spectroscopy maps the occurrences of chemical bonds within tiny inclusions in 3,700-million-year-old metasedimentary rocks from West Greenland, finding greater evidence for organic life at this early date. T. Hassenkam, M. P. Andersson, K. N. Dalby et al. | Persistent anthrax as a major driver of wildlife mortality in a tropical rainforest An anthrax-causing agent, Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis, is a persistent and widespread cause of death for a broad range of mammalian hosts in a tropical rainforest, with important implications for the conservation of mammals such as chimpanzees. Constanze Hoffmann, Fee Zimmermann, Roman Biek et al. | Sequencing and de novo assembly of 150 genomes from Denmark as a population reference OPEN A report of high-depth, short-read sequencing and de novo assemblies for 150 individuals from 50 parent–offspring trios as part of establishing a population reference genome for the GenomeDenmark project. Lasse Maretty, Jacob Malte Jensen, Bent Petersen et al. | Distinct timescales of population coding across cortex Calcium imaging data from mice performing a virtual reality auditory decision-making task are used to analyse the population codes in primary auditory and posterior parietal cortex that support choice behaviour. Caroline A. Runyan, Eugenio Piasini, Stefano Panzeri et al. | In vivo FRET–FLIM reveals cell-type-specific protein interactions in Arabidopsis roots Imaging in living Arabidopsis roots reveals that protein complexes can change their conformation in a cell-type-dependent manner to regulate specific gene expression programs leading to precise specification and maintenance of particular cell fates within the root meristem. Yuchen Long, Yvonne Stahl, Stefanie Weidtkamp-Peters et al. | Stimulation of functional neuronal regeneration from Müller glia in adult mice Inhibition of histone deacetylation allows the transcription factor Ascl1 to bind to key gene loci in Müller glia and drive the functional generation of retinal neurons in adult mice. Nikolas L. Jorstad, Matthew S. Wilken, William N. Grimes et al. | Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and aldolase mediate glucose sensing by AMPK Glucose starvation activates AMPK via an AMP/ADP-independent mechanism that involves fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and aldolase. Chen-Song Zhang, Simon A. Hawley, Yue Zong et al. | Complex cellular logic computation using ribocomputing devices De-novo-designed RNA molecules are used to construct cellular computing devices that can implement complex logic functions. Alexander A. Green, Jongmin Kim, Duo Ma et al. | | | | |
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