Wednesday, July 26, 2017

Nature contents: 27 July 2017

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  journal cover  
Nature Volume 547 Issue 7664
 
This Week  
 
 
Editorials  
 
 
 
More universities must confront sexual harassment
Too many institutions give low priority to tackling sexual misconduct in science.
Put cult online games to the test
There are now vast opportunities to study the effects on young minds.
The digital native is a myth
The younger generation uses technology in the same ways as older people — and is no better at multitasking.
 
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World View  
 
 
 
Don't run biomedical science as a business
Science should abandon its assembly-line mentality and rebuild for quality, not quantity, argues Michele Pagano.
 
Seven Days  
 
 
 
HIV milestone, discrimination suit and China's AI plans
The week in science: 21–27 July 2017.
Research Highlights  
 
 
 
This issue's Research Highlights
Selections from the scientific literature.
 
 
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News in Focus
 
Iceland drilling project aims to unearth how islands form
Scientists will look into the heart of Surtsey, an island created 50 years ago by a volcanic eruption.
Alexandra Witze
  US defence agencies grapple with gene drives
National security community examines the risks and benefits of technology to quickly spread genetic modifications.
Ewen Callaway
Brain’s stem cells slow ageing in mice
Transplanted cells offer rodents an increased lifespan.
Sara Reardon
  Budding UK innovation agency gains cash — and clout
Business-focused funding agency Innovate UK is driving British efforts to commercialize research.
Elizabeth Gibney
Giant radio telescope scaled back to contain costs
Crowding antennas closer together may affect the Square Kilometre Array's ability to observe the early Universe.
Sarah Wild
 
Features  
 
 
 
China’s quest to become a space science superpower
With major spaceflight milestones behind it, China is working to build an international reputation for space science.
Jane Qiu
Multimedia  
 
 
Nature: 27 July 2017
This week, a brain-inspired computer, the brain's control of ageing, and Al Gore the climate communicator.
Correction  
 
 
Correction
Correction
 
 
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Comment
 
Metrology is key to reproducing results
Scientists of all stripes must work with measurement experts so that studies can be compared, urge Martyn Sené, Ian Gilmore and Jan-Theodoor Janssen
Martyn Sené, Ian Gilmore, Jan-Theodoor Janssen
Books and Arts  
 
 
 
Climate change: Al Gore gets inconvenient again
Michael Mann views the US statesman's second film probing climate change.
Michael E. Mann
In retrospect: Das Kapital
As the world is reshaped by another industrial revolution, Gareth Stedman Jones revisits Karl Marx's opus.
Gareth Stedman Jones
Correspondence  
 
 
 
Open data: enforce materials sharing
Joanne Kamens
  Open data: support from Swiss funder
Matthias Egger, Angelika Kalt
Biodiversity: Factor in species' conservation value
Axel Hochkirch
  Thirty Meter Telescope: Alternative telescope site is a good back-up
Sergio Bonaque-González
Imaging: History's take on the atomic forge
Michael Isaacson
 
 
 
Specials
 
TECHNOLOGY FEATURE  
 
 
 
Cell engineering: How to hack the genome
After tackling the genomes of bacteria and yeast, synthetic biologists are setting their sights on rewriting those of more complex organisms, including humans.
Jeffrey M. Perkel
 
 
Research
 
NEW ONLINE  
 
 
 
Stem cells: The cost of perpetual youth
The ability to become nearly any cell type is restricted to eggs, sperm and primitive stem cells in very early embryos. Two studies reveal that maintaining this pluripotent state in vitro comes at a cost.
Ecology: Contests between species aid biodiversity
A modelling approach used to investigate competition between different species provides insight into how contests that have multiple players can help to maintain biodiversity.
Hypothalamic stem cells control ageing speed partly through exosomal miRNAs
Ablation of hypothalamic stem/progenitor cells in mice leads to ageing-related decreases in physiological parameters and lifespan, and the speed of ageing is partially controlled by these cells through the release of exosomal miRNAs.
Sequencing and de novo assembly of 150 genomes from Denmark as a population reference OPEN
A report of high-depth, short-read sequencing and de novo assemblies for 150 individuals from 50 parent–offspring trios as part of establishing a population reference genome for the GenomeDenmark project.
Complex cellular logic computation using ribocomputing devices
De-novo-designed RNA molecules are used to construct cellular computing devices that can implement complex logic functions.
Higher-order interactions stabilize dynamics in competitive network models
Communities that are very rich in species could persist thanks to the stabilizing role of higher-order interactions, in which the presence of a species influences the interaction between other species.
Prolonged Mek1/2 suppression impairs the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells
Long-term culture of male embryonic stem cells in naive conditions containing Mek1/2 and Gsk3a/b inhibitors leads to irreversible changes in epigenetic and genomic stability that compromise their in vivo developmental potential.
Stimulation of functional neuronal regeneration from Müller glia in adult mice
Inhibition of histone deacetylation allows the transcription factor Ascl1 to bind to key gene loci in Müller glia and drive the functional generation of retinal neurons in adult mice.
Derivation of ground-state female ES cells maintaining gamete-derived DNA methylation
Derivation of female mouse embryonic stem cells under certain conditions induces a loss of DNA methylation and erasure of genomic imprints, which are not recovered and that may contribute to observed impaired development.
In vivo FRET–FLIM reveals cell-type-specific protein interactions in Arabidopsis roots
Imaging in living Arabidopsis roots reveals that protein complexes can change their conformation in a cell-type-dependent manner to regulate specific gene expression programs leading to precise specification and maintenance of particular cell fates within the root meristem.
Brief Communications Arising  
 
 
 
Can we predict protein from mRNA levels?
Nikolaus Fortelny, Christopher M. Overall, Paul Pavlidis et al.
Wilhelm et al. reply
Mathias Wilhelm, Hannes Hahne, Mikhail Savitski et al.
News and Views  
 
 
 
Applied physics: A new spin on nanoscale computing
Frank Hoppensteadt
Neurobiology: Synapses get together for vision
Tobias Rose, Mark Hübener
Biomechanics: How fish feel the flow
John O. Dabiri
 


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Organic chemistry: Molecular structure assignment simplified
Severin K. Thompson, Thomas R. Hoye
 
Global health: Towards polio eradication
Jaime Sepúlveda
Articles  
 
 
 
Maternal H3K27me3 controls DNA methylation-independent imprinting
Analysis of parental allele-specific chromatin accessibility genome-wide in mouse zygotes and morula embryos, and investigation of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying these allelic sites, identifying maternal H3K27me3 as a DNA methylation-independent mechanism for genomic imprinting.
Azusa Inoue, Lan Jiang, Falong Lu et al.
In vivo CRISPR screening identifies Ptpn2 as a cancer immunotherapy target
In vivo CRISPR screening reveals that loss of Ptpn2 increases the response of tumour cells to immunotherapy and increases IFNγ signalling, suggesting that PTPN2 inhibition may potentiate the effect of immunotherapies that invoke an IFNγ response.
Robert T. Manguso, Hans W. Pope, Margaret D. Zimmer et al.
Letters  
 
 
 
Global forest loss disproportionately erodes biodiversity in intact landscapes
Deforestation increases the odds of a species being threatened by extinction, and this effect is disproportionately strong in relatively intact landscapes, suggesting that efforts are needed to protect intact forest landscapes and prevent a new wave of extinctions.
Matthew G. Betts, Christopher Wolf, William J. Ripple et al.
Dependency of a therapy-resistant state of cancer cells on a lipid peroxidase pathway
Therapy-resistant cancer cell states identified across diverse contexts are selectively vulnerable to ferroptotic cell death induced by inhibition of lipid peroxidase pathways converging on GPX4.
Vasanthi S. Viswanathan, Matthew J. Ryan, Harshil D. Dhruv et al.
Cysteine protease cathepsin B mediates radiation-induced bystander effects
The cysteine protease CPR-4, a cathepsin B homologue, is identified as a radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) factor in nematodes in response to ultraviolet or ionizing radiation, and causes inhibition of cell death and increased embryonic lethality.
Yu Peng, Man Zhang, Lingjun Zheng et al.
A novel mechanism for mechanosensory-based rheotaxis in larval zebrafish
In the absence of visual information, larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) use their mechanosensory lateral line to perform rheotaxis by using flow velocity gradients as navigational cues.
Pablo Oteiza, Iris Odstrcil, George Lauder et al.
Unique roles for histone H3K9me states in RNAi and heritable silencing of transcription
Heterochromatin formation involves histone H3 methylation, with H3K9me2 defining a distinct heterochromatin state that is transcriptionally permissive and can couple with RNAi, and the transition to non-permissive H3K9me3 required for the epigenetic heritability of heterochromatin.
Gloria Jih, Nahid Iglesias, Mark A. Currie et al.
Crystal structures of agonist-bound human cannabinoid receptor CB1
Crystal structures of the human cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) bound to the agonists AM11542 and AM841 reveal notable structural rearrangements upon receptor activation, and this flexibility may be a common feature among other G-protein-coupled receptors.
Tian Hua, Kiran Vemuri, Spyros P. Nikas et al.
Significant and variable linear polarization during the prompt optical flash of GRB 160625B
The prompt optical flash produced by the γ-ray burst GRB 160625B is highly linearly polarized, suggesting that it is produced by fast-cooling synchrotron radiation in a large-scale magnetic field.
E. Troja, V. M. Lipunov, C. G. Mundell et al.
Neuromorphic computing with nanoscale spintronic oscillators
Spoken-digit recognition using a nanoscale spintronic oscillator that mimics the behaviour of neurons demonstrates the potential of such oscillators for realizing large-scale neural networks in future hardware.
Jacob Torrejon, Mathieu Riou, Flavio Abreu Araujo et al.
Spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry in copper oxide superconductors
The electronic nematic phase in copper oxide superconductors is found over a broad range of temperature and doping but is not aligned with the crystal axes.
J. Wu, A. T. Bollinger, X. He et al.
Synergy of synthesis, computation and NMR reveals correct baulamycin structures
Experimental and computed nuclear magnetic resonance data and an iterative synthetic strategy have revealed the correct structures of the baulamycins, potentially important antimicrobial compounds, allowing them to be chemically synthesized.
Jingjing Wu, Paula Lorenzo, Siying Zhong et al.
Synaptic organization of visual space in primary visual cortex
Mapping the organization of excitatory inputs onto the dendritic spines of individual mouse visual cortex neurons reveals how inputs representing features from the extended visual scene are organized and establishes a computational unit suited to amplify contours and elongated edges.
M. Florencia Iacaruso, Ioana T. Gasler, Sonja B. Hofer
The lysosomal potassium channel TMEM175 adopts a novel tetrameric architecture
The lysosomal potassium channel TMEM175 has a tetrameric structure unlike that of the canonical potassium channels, with an hourglass-shaped pore in which isoleucine residues have a key role in channel selectivity.
Changkeun Lee, Jiangtao Guo, Weizhong Zeng et al.
Corrigenda  
 
 
 
Corrigendum: Molecular mechanism for the regulation of yeast separase by securin
Shukun Luo, Liang Tong
Corrigendum: Splicing factor 1 modulates dietary restriction and TORC1 pathway longevity in C. elegans
Caroline Heintz, Thomas K. Doktor, Anne Lanjuin et al.
Errata  
 
 
 
Erratum: Structure of the Cpf1 endonuclease R-loop complex after target DNA cleavage
Stefano Stella, Pablo Alcón, Guillermo Montoya
 
 
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Careers & Jobs
 
Feature  
 
 
 
Lab etiquette: The perils of pet peeves
Amber Dance
Column  
 
 
 
Look for the leaders
Toddi A. Steelman, Jeffrey J. McDonnell
Career Briefs  
 
 
 
PhD programmes: Doctorate deluge
Futures  
 
 
Good news
A global success?
Jack McDevitt
 
 
 
 
 

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