| Cancer genomics: Less is more in the hunt for driver mutations An analysis of 360 breast-cancer genomes has identified cancer-driving mutations in 9 non-coding DNA sequences called promoters, which regulate gene expression. The result hints at the prevalence of non-coding drivers. | Fine-mapping inflammatory bowel disease loci to single-variant resolution Results of fine-mapping 94 inflammatory bowel disease loci using high-density genotyping in 67,852 individuals and several new fine-mapping methods. | Climate change drives expansion of Antarctic ice-free habitat Permanently ice-free areas, home to almost all of Antarctica’s biodiversity, are projected, in the worst case, to expand by over 17,000 km2 as a result of climate change by the end of this century, with potentially deleterious consequences for the continent’s biodiversity. | Recurrent and functional regulatory mutations in breast cancer High-depth sequencing of targeted regions in primary breast cancer identifies mutated promoter elements with recurrent mutations at specific and/or nearby bases, suggesting selection of certain non-coding events. | RNase III nucleases from diverse kingdoms serve as antiviral effectors RNase III from all three domains of life elicits RNA-targeting antiviral activity that is independent of, and possibly predates, other known eukaryotic antiviral systems. | Tracing the origins of relapse in acute myeloid leukaemia to stem cells Identification of the cell types from which relapse arises in acute myeloid leukaemia, by following leukaemia propagation from patient-derived leukaemia samples. | mTORC1-dependent AMD1 regulation sustains polyamine metabolism in prostate cancer mTOR complex 1 signalling regulates polyamine metabolism and thereby promotes tumorigenesis, through regulation of the stability of a key enzyme, AMD1. | Unique roles for histone H3K9me states in RNAi and heritable silencing of transcription | Corrigendum: Mineral supply for sustainable development requires resource governance | | Brief Communications Arising | | | Contesting the evidence for limited human lifespan Nicholas J. L. Brown, Casper J. Albers, Stuart J. Ritchie | Dong et al. reply Xiao Dong, Brandon Milholland, Jan Vijg | Many possible maximum lifespan trajectories Bryan G. Hughes, Siegfried Hekimi | Dong et al. reply Xiao Dong, Brandon Milholland, Jan Vijg | Is there evidence for a limit to human lifespan? Maarten P. Rozing, Thomas B. L. Kirkwood, Rudi G. J. Westendorp | Dong et al. reply Xiao Dong, Brandon Milholland, Jan Vijg | Questionable evidence for a limit to human lifespan Adam Lenart, James W. Vaupel | Dong et al. reply Xiao Dong, Brandon Milholland, Jan Vijg | Maximum human lifespan may increase to 125 years Joop de Beer, Anastasios Bardoutsos, Fanny Janssen | Dong et al. reply Xiao Dong, Brandon Milholland, Jan Vijg | | Structure of a pre-catalytic spliceosome The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the yeast spliceosome in a pre-catalytic state provides insights into the molecular events leading to formation of the spliceosome active site. Clemens Plaschka, Pei-Chun Lin, Kiyoshi Nagai | Homeostatic circuits selectively gate food cue responses in insular cortex A combination of microprism-based cellular imaging to monitor insular cortex visual cue responses in behaving mice across hunger states with circuit mapping and manipulations reveals a neural basis for state-specific biased processing of motivationally relevant cues. Yoav Livneh, Rohan N. Ramesh, Christian R. Burgess et al. | | On-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their coherent control The on-chip generation of high-dimensional frequency-entangled states and their spectral-domain manipulation are demonstrated, introducing a powerful and practical platform for quantum information processing. Michael Kues, Christian Reimer, Piotr Roztocki et al. | Observation of three-component fermions in the topological semimetal molybdenum phosphide A new type of fermion, corresponding to a three-fold degeneracy in the electronic band structure of crystalline molybdenum phosphide, is observed, which lies conceptually between Dirac and Weyl fermions. B. Q. Lv, Z.-L. Feng, Q.-N. Xu et al. | Making waves in a photoactive polymer film Illumination of thin liquid-crystal polymer films that contain azobenzene derivatives with short thermal relaxation times induces a continuous wave motion throughout the films, owing to a feedback loop driven by material self-shadowing. Anne Helene Gelebart, Dirk Jan Mulder, Michael Varga et al. | Surface tension prevails over solute effect in organic-influenced cloud droplet activation A phase-separation mechanism is proposed for the dominance of the surface tension effect over the solute effect in the observed activation of ultrafine cloud condensation nuclei. Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Andreas Zuend, Ari Laaksonen et al. | Host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals Analysis of a comprehensive database of mammalian host–virus relationships reveals that both the total number of viruses that infect a given species and the proportion likely to be zoonotic are predictable and that this enables identification of mammalian species and geographic locations where novel zoonoses are likely to be found. Kevin J. Olival, Parviez R. Hosseini, Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio et al. | Hidden morphological diversity among early tetrapods Detailed micro-computed tomography analysis of the skull of Lethiscus stocki places it much earlier in the tetrapod lineage that was previously thought, showing that early tetrapods were more morphologically diverse than has been believed. Jason D. Pardo, Matt Szostakiwskyj, Per E. Ahlberg et al. | Trans-kingdom mimicry underlies ribosome customization by a poxvirus kinase The poxvirus vaccinia virus phosphorylates serine/threonine residues in the human small ribosomal subunit RACK1, converting it to a plant-like state to favour translation of poxvirus mRNAs Sujata Jha, Madeline G. Rollins, Gabriele Fuchs et al. | T cells from patients with Parkinson’s disease recognize α-synuclein peptides Epitopes derived from two regions of α-synuclein elicit immune responses in patients with Parkinson’s disease, involving IL-5-secreting CD4+ T cells, as well as IFNγ-secreting CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. David Sulzer, Roy N. Alcalay, Francesca Garretti et al. | Human fetal dendritic cells promote prenatal T-cell immune suppression through arginase-2 Prenatal immune suppression is regulated by fetal arginase-2-expressing dendritic cells which respond normally to toll-like receptor stimulation but, in contrast to adult dendritic cells, induce regulatory T cells and repress TNF-α secretion by effector T cells. Naomi McGovern, Amanda Shin, Gillian Low et al. | Nlrp9b inflammasome restricts rotavirus infection in intestinal epithelial cells The inflammasome receptor Nlrp9b defends against enteric viruses by interacting with double-stranded viral RNA-bound helicase Dhx9, triggering gasdermin-D-dependent pyroptotic cell death of infected cells and secretion of Il-18. Shu Zhu, Siyuan Ding, Penghua Wang et al. | ERF mutations reveal a balance of ETS factors controlling prostate oncogenesis In prostate cancer, the oncogenicity of transcription factor ERG is mediated, in part, by competition with another member of the ETS family, ERF. Rohit Bose, Wouter R. Karthaus, Joshua Armenia et al. | Whole-body imaging of lymphovascular niches identifies pre-metastatic roles of midkine Genetically engineered ‘lymphoreporter’ mouse strains are used to track melanoma dissemination in vivo, identifying midkine as a tumour-secreted factor that acts at a distance, preparing pre-metastatic niches and serving as an indicator of poor prognosis in patients. David Olmeda, Daniela Cerezo-Wallis, Erica Riveiro-Falkenbach et al. | Crystal structure of the potassium-importing KdpFABC membrane complex The crystal structure of the bacterial potassium import complex KdpFABC shows how ATP hydrolysis is coupled to potassium transport to maintain cellular homeostasis under low potassium conditions. Ching-Shin Huang, Bjørn Panyella Pedersen, David L. Stokes | | | | |
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