| | Infectious diseases: Predictions of virus spillover across species
Most human infectious diseases are initially transmitted from animals. An analysis of all known mammalian viruses improves our understanding of such cross-species spillover, with potential benefits for public health. | Molecular biology: A liquid reservoir for silent chromatin
The protein HP1 mediates compaction of DNA into a repressive structure called heterochromatin. Analysis reveals that HP1 has liquid-like properties, offering a fresh perspective on genome organization. | Immunology: Gut sensor halts viral attack
Intestinal infection with rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhoea in infants, and can be fatal. The identification of immune sensor proteins that detect and restrict this viral infection now illuminates the body's defence system. | Immunology: The patterns of T-cell target recognition
The binding of T-cell receptors to peptide molecules not normally present in the body can trigger an immune response. Predicting which peptide a T-cell receptor will bind to — a difficult feat — has now been achieved. | Astrophysics: Stellar siblings grow closer with age
High-mass stars often pair up to form binary systems. Observations reveal that the stars in such systems are born farther apart than was formerly thought, casting fresh light on an enduring debate about star formation. | Quantifiable predictive features define epitope-specific T cell receptor repertoires
The authors characterize epitope-specific T cell repertoires, identify shared and recognizable features of TCRs, and develop tools to classify antigen specificity on the basis of sequence analysis. | Observation of three-component fermions in the topological semimetal molybdenum phosphide
A new type of fermion, corresponding to a three-fold degeneracy in the electronic band structure of crystalline molybdenum phosphide, is observed, which lies conceptually between Dirac and Weyl fermions. | Catalytic allylic oxidation of internal alkenes to a multifunctional chiral building block
Non-symmetric internal alkenes are selectively converted into allylic functionalized products with high stereoselectivity and regioselectivity. | Surface tension prevails over solute effect in organic-influenced cloud droplet activation
A phase-separation mechanism is proposed for the dominance of the surface tension effect over the solute effect in the observed activation of ultrafine cloud condensation nuclei. | Selective sp3 C–H alkylation via polarity-match-based cross-coupling
Using a triple catalytic approach, a selective sp 3 C–H alkylation is demonstrated that is applicable in late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutical compounds. | Trans-kingdom mimicry underlies ribosome customization by a poxvirus kinase
The poxvirus vaccinia virus phosphorylates serine/threonine residues in the human small ribosomal subunit RACK1, converting it to a plant-like state to favour translation of poxvirus mRNAs. | T cells from patients with Parkinson’s disease recognize α-synuclein peptides
Epitopes derived from two regions of α-synuclein elicit immune responses in patients with Parkinson’s disease, involving IL-5-secreting CD4+ T cells, as well as IFNγ-secreting CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. | Liquid droplet formation by HP1α suggests a role for phase separation in heterochromatin
Phosphorylation or DNA binding promotes the physical partitioning of HP1α out of a soluble aqueous phase into droplets, suggesting that the repressive action of heterochromatin may in part be mediated by the phase separation of HP1. | Hidden morphological diversity among early tetrapods
Detailed micro-computed tomography analysis of the skull of Lethiscus stocki places it much earlier in the tetrapod lineage that was previously thought, showing that early tetrapods were more morphologically diverse than has been believed. | Nlrp9b inflammasome restricts rotavirus infection in intestinal epithelial cells
The inflammasome receptor Nlrp9b defends against enteric viruses by interacting with double-stranded viral RNA-bound helicase Dhx9, triggering gasdermin-D-dependent pyroptotic cell death of infected cells and secretion of Il-18. | Crystal structure of the potassium-importing KdpFABC membrane complex
The crystal structure of the bacterial potassium import complex KdpFABC shows how ATP hydrolysis is coupled to potassium transport to maintain cellular homeostasis under low potassium conditions. | Host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals
Analysis of a comprehensive database of mammalian host–virus relationships reveals that both the total number of viruses that infect a given species and the proportion likely to be zoonotic are predictable and that this enables identification of mammalian species and geographic locations where novel zoonoses are likely to be found. | Identifying specificity groups in the T cell receptor repertoire
The authors devise an algorithm that can cluster T cell receptor (TCR) sequences sharing the same specificity, predict the HLA restriction of these TCR clusters on the basis of subjects’ genotypes and help to identify specific peptide major histocompatibility complex ligands. | Phase separation drives heterochromatin domain formation
HP1a can nucleate into foci that display liquid properties during the early stages of heterochromatin domain formation in Drosophila embryos, suggesting that the repressive action of heterochromatin may be mediated in part by emergent properties of phase separation. | | | Brief Communications Arising | | | | Exosomes facilitate therapeutic targeting of oncogenic KRAS in pancreatic cancer
Exosomes improve the delivery of siRNA to mutant KRAS in the pancreatic tumours and bypass immune clearance better than artificial liposomes, probably owing to enhanced macropinocytocis and presence of CD47 on exosomes, respectively.
Sushrut Kamerkar, Valerie S. LeBleu, Hikaru Sugimoto et al. | Strong constraints on aerosol–cloud interactions from volcanic eruptions
Investigations of an Icelandic volcanic eruption confirm that sulfate aerosols caused a discernible yet transient brightening effect, as predicted, but their effect on the liquid water path was unexpectedly negligible.
Florent F. Malavelle, Jim M. Haywood, Andy Jones et al. | A retinal code for motion along the gravitational and body axes
Global mapping shows that mouse retinal neurons prefer visual motion produced when the animal moves along two behaviourally relevant axes, allowing the encoding of the animal’s every translation and rotation.
Shai Sabbah, John A. Gemmer, Ananya Bhatia-Lin et al. | Structure of the human multidrug transporter ABCG2
The structure of human ABCG2 bound to an inhibitory antibody using cryo-electron microscopy, representing the first high-resolution structural data of a human multidrug transporter.
Nicholas M. I. Taylor, Ioannis Manolaridis, Scott M. Jackson et al. | | A giant planet undergoing extreme-ultraviolet irradiation by its hot massive-star host
The giant planet KELT-9b has a dayside temperature of about 4,600 K, which is sufficiently high to dissociate molecules and to evaporate its atmosphere, owing to its hot stellar host.
B. Scott Gaudi, Keivan G. Stassun, Karen A. Collins et al. | A massive, dead disk galaxy in the early Universe
When the Universe was just 3 billion years old, half of the most massive galaxies had already ceased star formation, and such a galaxy has now been observed using gravitational lensing, unexpectedly turning out to be a compact, fast-spinning disk galaxy rather than a proto-bulge galaxy.
Sune Toft, Johannes Zabl, Johan Richard et al. | Microglia-dependent synapse loss in type I interferon-mediated lupus
Abnormal behavioural phenotypes and synapse loss in the brain of lupus-prone mice are prevented by blocking type I interferon signalling, which is further shown to stimulate microglial phagocytosis of neuronal material in the brains of these mice.
Allison R. Bialas, Jessy Presumey, Abhishek Das et al. | PTEN counteracts FBXL2 to promote IP3R3- and Ca2+-mediated apoptosis limiting tumour growth
PTEN, a known tumour suppressor, inhibits the FXBL2-dependent degradation of IP3R3, an IP3 receptor, thus augmenting IP3R3-mediated calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria and inducing apoptosis; inhibiting FXBL2 sensitizes PTEN-deficient tumours to photodynamic therapy.
Shafi Kuchay, Carlotta Giorgi, Daniele Simoneschi et al. | Structure of the Cpf1 endonuclease R-loop complex after target DNA cleavage
The structure of Cpf1, a CRISPR–Cas/RNA-guided nuclease, is presented with a three-stranded RNA–DNA loop after cleavage, providing insight into its working mechanism.
Stefano Stella, Pablo Alcón, Guillermo Montoya | Multilineage communication regulates human liver bud development from pluripotency
Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of two- and three-dimensional hepatic differentiation reveals that both systems recapitulate certain transcriptomic features of human hepatogenesis.
J. Gray Camp, Keisuke Sekine, Tobias Gerber et al. | Histone deacetylase 3 prepares brown adipose tissue for acute thermogenic challenge
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is required to activate brown adipose tissue enhancers to ensure thermogenic aptitude.
Matthew J. Emmett, Hee-Woong Lim, Jennifer Jager et al. | Selective depletion of uropathogenic E. coli from the gut by a FimH antagonist
Both F17-like and type 1 pili promote intestinal colonization in mouse colonic crypts, and the high-affinity mannoside M4284 reduces intestinal colonization of uropathogenic Escherichia coli while simultaneously treating urinary tract infections without disrupting the composition of the gut microbiota.
Caitlin N. Spaulding, Roger D. Klein, Ségolène Ruer et al. | Improved maize reference genome with single-molecule technologies OPEN
An improved reference genome for maize, using single-molecule sequencing and high-resolution optical mapping, enables characterization of structural variation and repetitive regions, and identifies lineage expansions of transposable elements that are unique to maize.
Yinping Jiao, Paul Peluso, Jinghua Shi et al. | BAP1 regulates IP3R3-mediated Ca2+ flux to mitochondria suppressing cell transformation
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) regulates calcium flux in the endoplasmic reticulum to facilitate the execution of apoptosis, unveiling a new facet of the role of BAP1 as an environmental tumour suppressor.
Angela Bononi, Carlotta Giorgi, Simone Patergnani et al. | Microscopy of the interacting Harper–Hofstadter model in the two-body limit
The combination of interparticle interactions and a synthetic gauge field leads to chirality in the propagation dynamics of particles in a ladder-like lattice.
M. Eric Tai, Alexander Lukin, Matthew Rispoli et al. | | | | |
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