| | Bacterial pathogens: A spoonful of sugar could be the medicine
Pili are filamentous bacterial structures that promote adhesion to host cells. It emerges that a small molecule that inhibits this adhesion can prevent colonization of the mouse gut by a pathogenic bacterium. | Particle physics: No sign of asymmetry in the strong force
The strong force binds the constituents of nuclei together. Differences between the force's fundamental interactions and their mirror images were thought to have been observed in heavy-ion collisions, but new data challenge this picture. | Neuroinflammation: Synapses pruned in lupus
Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can cause brain dysfunction. Studies in mouse models of lupus find that interferon proteins can cause the brain's immune cells to trim the synaptic connections between neurons. | Homeostatic circuits selectively gate food cue responses in insular cortex
A combination of microprism-based cellular imaging to monitor insular cortex visual cue responses in behaving mice across hunger states with circuit mapping and manipulations reveals a neural basis for state-specific biased processing of motivationally relevant cues. | Human fetal dendritic cells promote prenatal T-cell immune suppression through arginase-2
Prenatal immune suppression is regulated by fetal arginase-2-expressing dendritic cells which respond normally to toll-like receptor stimulation but, in contrast to adult dendritic cells, induce regulatory T cells and repress TNF-α secretion by effector T cells. | Multilineage communication regulates human liver bud development from pluripotency
Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of two- and three-dimensional hepatic differentiation reveals that both systems recapitulate certain transcriptomic features of human hepatogenesis. | BAP1 regulates IP3R3-mediated Ca2+ flux to mitochondria suppressing cell transformation
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) regulates calcium flux in the endoplasmic reticulum to facilitate the execution of apoptosis, unveiling a new facet of the role of BAP1 as an environmental tumour suppressor. | Histone deacetylase 3 prepares brown adipose tissue for acute thermogenic challenge
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is required to activate brown adipose tissue enhancers to ensure thermogenic aptitude. | ERF mutations reveal a balance of ETS factors controlling prostate oncogenesis
In prostate cancer, the oncogenicity of transcription factor ERG is mediated, in part, by competition with another member of the ETS family, ERF. | Microglia-dependent synapse loss in type I interferon-mediated lupus
Abnormal behavioural phenotypes and synapse loss in the brain of lupus-prone mice are prevented by blocking type I interferon signalling, which is further shown to stimulate microglial phagocytosis of neuronal material in the brains of these mice. | PTEN counteracts FBXL2 to promote IP3R3- and Ca2+-mediated apoptosis limiting tumour growth
PTEN, a known tumour suppressor, inhibits the FXBL2-dependent degradation of IP3R3, an IP3 receptor, thus augmenting IP3R3-mediated calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria and inducing apoptosis; inhibiting FXBL2 sensitizes PTEN-deficient tumours to photodynamic therapy. | Improved maize reference genome with single-molecule technologies OPEN
An improved reference genome for maize, using single-molecule sequencing and high-resolution optical mapping, enables characterization of structural variation and repetitive regions, and identifies lineage expansions of transposable elements that are unique to maize. | Selective depletion of uropathogenic E. coli from the gut by a FimH antagonist
Both F17-like and type 1 pili promote intestinal colonization in mouse colonic crypts, and the high-affinity mannoside M4284 reduces intestinal colonization of uropathogenic Escherichia coli while simultaneously treating urinary tract infections without disrupting the composition of the gut microbiota. | | Corrigendum: Common genetic variation drives molecular heterogeneity in human iPSCs | | | | 
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Shimadzu's Clinical Laboratory Automation Module, a fully integrated sample pretreatment module for LC-MS/MS, automatically performs all of the processes necessary for analyzing blood and other biological samples, providing more precise results by reducing human error and improving laboratory safety and efficiency.
Learn more. | | | | | | | | | | | Damming the rivers of the Amazon basin
The current and expected environmental consequences of built dams and proposed dam constructions in the Amazon basin are explored with the help of a Dam Environmental Vulnerability Index.
Edgardo M. Latrubesse, Eugenio Y. Arima, Thomas Dunne et al. | | Slush-like polar structures in single-crystal relaxors
Molecular dynamics simulations of the Pb(Mg1/3,Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 relaxor reveal a multi-domain state analogous to the slush state of water that provides an explanation for the unusual properties of relaxors.
Hiroyuki Takenaka, Ilya Grinberg, Shi Liu et al. | Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States
Genome sequencing of Zika virus samples from infected patients and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Florida shows that the virus was probably introduced into the United States on multiple occasions, and that the Caribbean is the most likely source.
Nathan D. Grubaugh, Jason T. Ladner, Moritz U. G. Kraemer et al. | Stability and function of regulatory T cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet
Regulatory T cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet selectively suppress TH1 and CD8 T cells, but not TH2 or TH17 activation and associated autoimmunity.
Andrew G. Levine, Alejandra Medoza, Saskia Hemmers et al. | The metabolic function of cyclin D3–CDK6 kinase in cancer cell survival
The cyclin D3–CDK6 kinase complex, which is overactive in some cancers, inhibits two key glycolysis enzymes and thereby enhances the levels of antioxidants in cells, promoting tumour cell survival.
Haizhen Wang, Brandon N. Nicolay, Joel M. Chick et al. | Structural basis of CRISPR–SpyCas9 inhibition by an anti-CRISPR protein
The structure of the anti-CRISPR protein AcrIIA4, in complex with a single-guide RNA and Cas9, reveals that the protein inhibits DNA binding and blocks the Cas9 endonuclease active site.
De Dong, Minghui Guo, Sihan Wang et al. | Robust wireless power transfer using a nonlinear parity–time-symmetric circuit
A nonlinear parity–time-symmetric circuit is used to enable robust wireless power transfer to a moving device over a distance of one metre without the need for tuning.
Sid Assawaworrarit, Xiaofang Yu, Shanhui Fan | A wet-tolerant adhesive patch inspired by protuberances in suction cups of octopi
The suction cups found in octopus tentacles are the inspiration for a synthetic adhesive that functions well in dry and wet conditions and is resistant to chemical contamination.
Sangyul Baik, Da Wan Kim, Youngjin Park et al. | Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas
Virus genomes reveal the establishment of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas, and provide an appropriate timeframe for baseline (pre-Zika) microcephaly in different regions.
N. R. Faria, J. Quick, I.M. Claro et al. | Zika virus evolution and spread in the Americas
One hundred and ten Zika virus genomes from ten countries and territories involved in the Zika virus epidemic reveal rapid expansion of the epidemic within Brazil and multiple introductions to other regions.
Hayden C. Metsky, Christian B. Matranga, Shirlee Wohl et al. | Principles of early human development and germ cell program from conserved model systems
The authors trace the emergence of porcine primordial germ cells and develop in vitro models of primordial germ cell development from human and monkey pluripotent stem cells in order to provide insight into early human development.
Toshihiro Kobayashi, Haixin Zhang, Walfred W. C. Tang et al. | Rare cell variability and drug-induced reprogramming as a mode of cancer drug resistance
Through drug exposure, a rare, transient transcriptional program characterized by high levels of expression of known resistance drivers can get ‘burned in’, leading to the selection of cells endowed with a transcriptional drug resistance and thus more chemoresistant cancers.
Sydney M. Shaffer, Margaret C. Dunagin, Stefan R. Torborg et al. | | | | |
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