Nature Reviews Microbiology contents May 2017 Volume 15 Number 5 pp 255-318

TABLE OF CONTENTS
May 2017 Volume 15 Number 5
2015 2-year Impact Factor 24.727 Journal Metrics 2-year Median 19.5	In this issue Research Highlights News and Analysis Reviews Perspectives Also this month Featured article: Microbiome  Featured article: The microbiota of the respiratory tract: gatekeeper to respiratory health Wing Ho Man, Wouter A.A. de Steenhuijsen Piters & Debby Bogaert
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Bacterial physiology: Phage injection establishes CRISPR immunity p255 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.39 A new study by Maraffini and colleagues shows that CRISPR-Cas systems capture phage DNA during genome injection, which protects cells from subsequent infection before the lytic cycle begins. PDF Bacterial physiology: When things turn sour for Helicobacter p256 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.32 This study reports that BabA-mediated adherence to gastric epithelial cells is acid-sensitive and enables efficient adaptation to changes in gastric mucosal pH. PDF Structural biology: The tick-tock of circadian clocks p256 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.37 Two new studies provide a structural basis to help us understand the periodic assembly of cyanobacterial clock proteins. PDF Bacterial pathogenesis: What makes some E. coli efficient bladder colonizers? p257 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.38 A detailed study of E. coli strains that were isolated from the urine of women shows that bladder colonization does not require previously defined virulence factors but is linked to the differential regulation of core functions. PDF IN BRIEF Environmental microbiology: Is evidence for ancient microbial life set in stone? | Viral evolution: On the origin of capsids | Structural biology: In situ architecture of the type III secretion system PDF Nature Reviews Microbiology JOBS of the week ASSISTANT SPECIALIST Step I-III or ASSOCIATE SPECIALIST Step I-IV Microbiology - Department of Plant & Microbial Biology University of California - Berkeley Postdoctoral Fellow / Microbiology The University of Tennessee Health Science Center SINO-FOREST Applied Research Center for Pearl River Delta Environment (SINO-FOREST ARCPE) Hong Kong Baptist University Faculty Position in Biomedical Sciences (Xuzhou Medical University) Xuzhou Medical University, China Faculty Positions available in the School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) More Science jobs from Nature Reviews Microbiology EVENT VII International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology - BioMicroWorld2017 18.10.17 Madrid, Spain More science events from
NEWS AND ANALYSIS		Top
GENOME WATCH Evolve and survive Alena Pance p258 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.31 This month's Genome Watch explores how in vitro directed evolution can be used to identify the target of a drug for the treatment of Chagas disease, which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. PDF
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IMMUNE PROFILING IN HEALTH AND DISEASE  September 17-19, 2017 | Seattle, WA, USA Presented by: Adaptive Biotechnologies | Nature Immunology | Nature Medicine | Nature Biotechnology REGISTER NOW!
REVIEWS		Top
Article series: Microbiome The microbiota of the respiratory tract: gatekeeper to respiratory health Wing Ho Man, Wouter A.A. de Steenhuijsen Piters & Debby Bogaert p259 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.14 The respiratory tract spans from the nostrils to the lung alveoli and these distinct niches host a diverse microbiota. In this Review, Man, de Steenhuijsen Piters and Bogaert discuss the role of the respiratory microbiota in the maintenance of human health. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Cyclic di-GMP: second messenger extraordinaire Urs Jenal, Alberto Reinders & Christian Lori p271 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.190 Cyclic dinucleotides are highly versatile signalling molecules that control important biological processes in bacteria, including motility, virulence, biofilm formation and cell cycle progression. In this Review, Jenal and colleagues discuss the molecular principles of cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) synthesis and degradation, and the cellular functions that are exerted by c-di-GMP-binding effectors and their diverse targets. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Xerotolerant bacteria: surviving through a dry spell Pedro H. Lebre, Pieter De Maayer & Don A. Cowan p285 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.16 Understanding the ecology and function of dry-adapted communities is important for understanding and preventing desertification. In this Review, Lebre, De Maayer and Cowan discuss the adaptations that enable xerotolerant bacteria to survive extreme dry conditions and highlight insights from recent metagenomic and transcriptomic studies. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Virulence of the zoonotic agent of leptospirosis: still terra incognita? Mathieu Picardeau p297 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.5 Pathogenic leptospires are the bacterial agents of leptospirosis, which is an emerging zoonotic disease that affects both animals and humans worldwide. In this Review, the recent advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, taxonomy, genomics and the molecular basis of virulence in leptospires, and of how these properties contribute to the pathogenesis of leptospirosis, are discussed. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
PERSPECTIVES		Top
OPINION Microorganisms maintain crowding homeostasis Jonas van den Berg, Arnold J. Boersma & Bert Poolman p309 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.17 Macromolecular crowding affects the physicochemistry of the cytoplasm and, in turn, microbial physiology. We propose that cells maintain the overall concentration of macromolecules within a narrow range (a process that we refer to as 'homeocrowding') and discuss possible mechanisms for achieving this. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
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