Nature Reviews Microbiology contents March 2017 Volume 15 Number 3 pp 129-192

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
March 2017 Volume 15 Number 3
Impact Factor 2015 2-year Impact Factor 24.727 Journal Metrics 2-year Median 19.5	In this issue Editorial Research Highlights News and Analysis Reviews Consensus Statement Analysis Perspectives Also this month Article series: New technologies: methods and applications  Featured article: Consensus statement: Virus taxonomy in the age of metagenomics Peter Simmonds et al.
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EDITORIAL		Top
A sea change for virology p129 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.13 This issue marks the publication of a Consensus Statement that proposes the integration of viruses that are only characterized by metagenomic data into virus taxonomy. Full Text | PDF
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Bacterial Pathogenesis: Microbial manipulation of the gut-brain axis p131 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.9 This study shows that pathogen-mediated inhibition of sickness-induced anorexia can promote transmission and reduce virulence. PDF Viral infection: Competing membrane proteins regulate picornavirus genome delivery p132 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.1 This study reveals that two host cell membrane proteins have contrasting roles during the transfer of picornavirus RNA into the cytoplasm. PDF Biofilms: Shocking biofilms p132 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.6 This study highlights a heretofore unappreciated role of electrical signalling in biofilm communities and in their interaction with their environment. PDF Bacterial development: Streptomyces' cue to leave p134 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.2 This study shows that co-culturing Streptomyces venezuelae with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae triggers a previously unknown growth mode in S. venezuelae that enables cells to explore their environment. PDF Viral infection: The language of phages p134 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.8 The authors of this study report that phages of Bacillus species use a peptide-based communication system to decide whether to enter the lytic or lysogenic life cycle. PDF IN BRIEF Structural biology: High-order integration | Metagenomics: Mining for CRISPR-Cas | Microbiome: Getting organized early in life | Parasite evolution: Adding a piece to the puzzle | Bacterial pathogenesis: A deadly chain of events PDF
NEWS AND ANALYSIS		Top
GENOME WATCH Finding the needle in the haystack Gavin G. Rutledge & Cristina V. Ariani p136 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.7 This month's Genome Watch discusses the potential of selective whole-genome amplification for overcoming the challenges of whole-genome sequencing of malaria parasites in clinical samples in which they are low in abundance. PDF
REVIEWS		Top
Hit the right spots: cell cycle control by phosphorylated guanosines in alphaproteobacteria Régis Hallez, Marie Delaby, Stefano Sanselicio & Patrick H. Viollier p137 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.183 Recent studies have provided insights into the antagonistic roles of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) and the alarmones guanosine tetraphosphate and guanosine pentaphosphate (collectively referred to as (p)ppGpp) in the regulation of the cell cycle in Alphaproteobacteria. In this Review, Viollier and colleagues discuss how those second messengers control the initiation of DNA replication and cytokinesis by modulating the synthesis and proteolysis of key regulators of the cell cycle. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
A journey into the brain: insight into how bacterial pathogens cross blood-brain barriers Mathieu Coureuil, Hervé Lécuyer, Sandrine Bourdoulous & Xavier Nassif p149 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.178 Bacteria have to overcome many obstacles to invade the meninges from the bloodstream. This Review considers how extracellular pathogens such as Neisseria meningitides and Streptococcus pneumoniae bypass the blood-brain barriers, the understanding of which may lead to improved methods for delivering drugs into the brain. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
CONSENSUS STATEMENT		Top
Consensus statement: Virus taxonomy in the age of metagenomics Peter Simmonds, Mike J. Adams, Mária Benkő, Mya Breitbart, J. Rodney Brister, Eric B. Carstens, Andrew J. Davison, Eric Delwart, Alexander E. Gorbalenya, Balázs Harrach, Roger Hull, Andrew M.Q. King, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Jens H. Kuhn, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Max L. Nibert, Richard Orton, Marilyn J. Roossinck, Sead Sabanadzovic, Matthew B. Sullivan, Curtis A. Suttle, Robert B. Tesh, René A. van der Vlugt, Arvind Varsani & F. Murilo Zerbini p161 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.177 Although viral sequences are important in taxonomy, classification has typically also required biological properties, thus excluding viruses that were identified by metagenomics. The proposals in this Consensus Statement, which are supported by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), enable viruses that are discovered by sequence alone to be incorporated into virus classification. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
ANALYSIS		Top
Diversity and evolution of class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems Sergey Shmakov, Aaron Smargon, David Scott, David Cox, Neena Pyzocha, Winston Yan, Omar O. Abudayyeh, Jonathan S. Gootenberg, Kira S. Makarova, Yuri I. Wolf, Konstantin Severinov, Feng Zhang & Eugene V. Koonin p169 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.184 Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems are characterized by effector modules that consist of a single multidomain protein. In this Analysis, using a computational pipeline, the authors discover three novel families of class 2 effectors that correspond to three new CRISPR-Cas subtypes and present a comprehensive census of class 2 systems that are encoded in complete and draft bacterial and archaeal genomes. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
PERSPECTIVES		Top
OPINION Article series: New technologies: methods and applications Clinical and biological insights from viral genome sequencing Charlotte J. Houldcroft, Mathew A. Beale & Judith Breuer p183 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.182 Sequencing viral DNA and RNA is an important part of clinical practice, although, so far, mostly subgenomic fragments have been sequenced. In this Opinion article, Houldcroft, Beale and Breuer highlight the potential that sequencing whole viral genomes has for clinical applications. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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