Nature Medicine Contents: January 2017 Volume 23 Number 1 pp 1-135

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Advertisement nature.com webcasts Springer Nature presents a custom webcast on: CRISPR/Cas9 strategies for disease modeling and drug discovery Date: Tuesday, 24 January 2017 Time: 8AM PST, 11AM EST, 4PM GMT, 5PM CST  Register for FREE Sponsored by:  The Jackson Laboratory   TABLE OF CONTENTS January 2017 Volume 23, Issue 1 Editorial Correction News News and Views Review Articles Letters Advertisement Nature Index 2016 Australia & New Zealand Nature Index 2016 Australia and New Zealand highlights the quality natural science research within these countries. This supplement examines the cities and institutions that largely contribute to the research as well as the factors that drive their success.  Access the free supplement for six months!  Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement nature.com webcasts Springer Nature presents a custom webcast on: Liquid biopsy: CTC-based classifier predicts chemo resistance in lung cancer Date: Thursday January 19 2017 Time: 8AM PST, 11AM EST, 4PM GMT, 5PM CET  Register for FREE  Sponsored by:  Menarini Silicon Biosystems     Advertisement CRISPR Calendar 2017 To celebrate the continuing rise to fame of the CRISPR system, the Nature Reviews Genetics 2017 CRISPR calendar highlights the underlying biology of CRISPR, as well as its diverse range of exciting potential applications in genetic research, biotechnology and therapeutics. Download the calendar free online Produced with support from  OriGene   Advertisement Environmental Microbial Biofilms and Human Microbiomes: Drivers of Future Sustainability  February 12-15, 2017 | Nanyang Executive Centre, Singapore Presented by: Nanyang Technological University (NTU) | Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes  Register now!   Editorial Top Safeguarding science   p1 doi:10.1038/nm.4270 Changing political and funding landscapes in the US create an uncertain environment for biomedical research. The research community must insist that scientific policy follow from science, not political partisanship. Correction Top Correction   p10 doi:10.1038/nm0117-10 News Top Disease in three dimensions: Tissue engineering takes on infectious disease   pp2 - 4 Shraddha Chakradhar doi:10.1038/nm0117-2 Living therapeutics: Scientists genetically modify bacteria to deliver drugs   pp5 - 7 Amy Maxmen doi:10.1038/nm0117-5 Alternative analgesics: New drugs for pain seek to improve on ketamine's benefits   pp8 - 10 Carrie Arnold doi:10.1038/nm0117-8 News and Views Top A microbial protein that alleviates metabolic syndrome   pp11 - 12 Fernando Forato Anhe and Andre Marette doi:10.1038/nm.4261 A recent study shows that pasteurization of Akkermansia muciniphila enhances the bacterium's ability to reduce fat mass and metabolic syndrome in mice with diet-induced obesity, and that Amuc_1100*, a thermostable outer-membrane protein of A. muciniphila, can reproduce these beneficial effects. See also: Letter by Plovier et al. A bone marrow factor contributes to kidney disease   pp13 - 14 Stuart J Shankland and J Ashley Jefferson doi:10.1038/nm.4263 Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a circulating biomarker of inflammation. A recent study identifies immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow as a major cellular source of suPAR that contributes to kidney disease. See also: Letter by Hahm et al. Starving leukemia to induce differentiation   pp14 - 15 Chia-Wei Cheng and Omer H Yilmaz doi:10.1038/nm.4259 A new study shows that fasting induces the differentiation and elimination of some types of leukemia in mice, which implicates fasting or its mimetics as a novel strategy for the treatment of this disease. See also: Article by Lu et al. Imaging biomarkers and biotypes for depression   pp16 - 17 Tor D Wager and Choong-Wan Woo doi:10.1038/nm.4264 A new study identifies four distinct 'biotypes' of depression on the basis of fMRI resting-state functional connectivity in a diverse sample of more than 1,000 individuals. The biotypes are diagnostic of depression and predict treatment response. See also: Article by Drysdale et al. Nature Medicine JOBS of the week Exciting PhD Positions in Molecular Medicine CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Tenure Associate Professor or Full Professor University of Calgary Director University of Pittsburgh Tenured / Tenure Track Faculty Position in Pediatric Epilepsy Indiana University School of Medicine Postdoctoral Fellow (212274) Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. More Science jobs from Nature Medicine EVENT 2nd EACR-OECI Conference: Making it Personal: Cancer Precision Medicine 13.03.17 Amsterdam, Netherlands More science events from Review Top T memory stem cells in health and disease   pp18 - 27 Luca Gattinoni, Daniel E Speiser, Mathias Lichterfeld and Chiara Bonini doi:10.1038/nm.4241 Gattinoni and colleagues discuss the emerging roles of this subset of long-lived memory T lymphocytes, and highlight ways in which these cells might be exploited to achieve therapeutic aims. Advertisement Nature Outlook: Precision Medicine Health care that is tailored on the basis of an individual's genes, lifestyle or environment, is not a modern concept. But advances in genetics and the growing availability of health data for researchers and physicians promise to make this new era of medicine more personalized than ever before. Access the Outlook free online Sponsored by: Illumina, Inc.     Articles Top Resting-state connectivity biomarkers define neurophysiological subtypes of depression   pp28 - 38 Andrew T Drysdale, Logan Grosenick, Jonathan Downar, Katharine Dunlop, Farrokh Mansouri et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4246 Using functional MRI in a large multisite sample of more that 1,000 patients, four distinct neurophysiological biotypes of depression are defined. These biotypes are used to develop diagnostic classifiers that distinguish patients with depression from controls in separate multisite validation and replication cohorts, and can predict patient responsiveness to therapy. See also: News and Views by Wager & Woo Thalamic miR-338-3p mediates auditory thalamocortical disruption and its late onset in models of 22q11.2 microdeletion   pp39 - 48 Sungkun Chun, Fei Du, Joby J Westmoreland, Seung Baek Han, Yong-Dong Wang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4240 The thalamus-enriched microRNA miR-338-3p is depleted in mouse models of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and in humans with schizophrenia, leading to a late-onset dysfunction of auditory thalamocortical synaptic transmission, behavioral abnormalities and altered sensitivity to antipsychotics. Engineered human pluripotent-stem-cell-derived intestinal tissues with a functional enteric nervous system   pp49 - 59 Michael J Workman, Maxime M Mahe, Stephen Trisno, Holly M Poling, Carey L Watson et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4233 Organoids formed by combining pluripotent-stem-cell-derived human neural crest cells with pluripotent-stem-cell-derived intestinal tissue show functional interstitial cells of Cajal and undergo waves of contraction; these tissues reveal insights into the molecular defects characterizing Hirschsprung's disease. Genome-wide CRISPR screens reveal a Wnt-FZD5 signaling circuit as a druggable vulnerability of RNF43-mutant pancreatic tumors   pp60 - 68 Zachary Steinhart, Zvezdan Pavlovic, Megha Chandrashekhar, Traver Hart, Xiaowei Wang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4219 A genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals that FZD5, but none of the other nine Frizzled receptors encoded in the human genome, is a therapeutic vulnerability of pancreatic and colorectal tumors bearing RNF43 mutations. Loss of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 induces resistance to multiple drugs in acute myeloid leukemia   pp69 - 78 Stefanie Gollner, Thomas Oellerich, Shuchi Agrawal-Singh, Tino Schenk, Hans-Ulrich Klein et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4247 Proteasomal degradation of EZH2 in AML patients in response to therapy triggers the expression of stem cell markers and has been identified as an epigenetic pathway leading to acquired drug resistance. Treatments aimed to restore EZH2 expression in relapsed AML patients have shown clinical efficacy and constitute a viable approach to re-sensitize tumors to chemotherapy. Fasting selectively blocks development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia via leptin-receptor upregulation   pp79 - 90 Zhigang Lu, Jingjing Xie, Guojin Wu, Jinhui Shen, Robert Collins et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4252 In leukemic mice, fasting reduces the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but not acute myeloid leukemia, via upregulation of leptin receptor expression and signaling in the leukemic cells. See also: News and Views by Cheng & Yilmaz Dickkopf-1 promotes hematopoietic regeneration via direct and niche-mediated mechanisms   pp91 - 99 Heather A Himburg, Phuong L Doan, Mamle Quarmyne, Xiao Yan, Joshua Sasine et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4251 The Wnt pathway inhibitor Dkk1, which is produced by bone marrow osteolineage cells, promotes hematopoietic recovery after radiation injury by both direct effects on hematopoietic cells and indirect effects on bone marrow endothelial cells. Advertisement January 2017 marks the 1st anniversary of Nature Microbiology! Visit the journal to see what’s been publishing and submit your research. Interested in our forum to discuss and share opinions about microbiology? Join the Nature Microbiology Community!   Letters Top Bone marrow-derived immature myeloid cells are a main source of circulating suPAR contributing to proteinuric kidney disease   pp100 - 106 Eunsil Hahm, Changli Wei, Isabel Fernandez, Jing Li, Nicholas J Tardi et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4242 Soluble uPAR is known to contribute to certain types of chronic kidney disease, and myeloid cells from the bone marrow have now been shown to be a key source of this factor. See also: News and Views by Shankland & Jefferson A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila or the pasteurized bacterium improves metabolism in obese and diabetic mice   pp107 - 113 Hubert Plovier, Amandine Everard, Celine Druart, Clara Depommier, Matthias Van Hul et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4236 Akkermansia muciniphila, a member of the gut microbiome, has been shown to improve metabolism in mice. Here it is reported that its pasteurization further improves this effect, and that one of its membrane proteins by itself has a similar benefit. See also: News and Views by Anhe & Marette Molecular analysis of circulating tumor cells identifies distinct copy-number profiles in patients with chemosensitive and chemorefractory small-cell lung cancer   pp114 - 119 Louise Carter, Dominic G Rothwell, Barbara Mesquita, Christopher Smowton, Hui Sun Leong et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4239 Copy-number alterations detected in circulating tumor cells at time of diagnosis predict chemosensitive versus chemorefractory responses; however, CTCs obtained after subsequent relapse bear a chemosensitive copy-number alteration profile, which suggests that different mechanisms drive initial and acquired chemoresistance. Systemic depletion of L-cyst(e)ine with cyst(e)inase increases reactive oxygen species and suppresses tumor growth   pp120 - 127 Shira L Cramer, Achinto Saha, Jinyun Liu, Surendar Tadi, Stefano Tiziani et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4232 By reducing the availability of extracellular L-cyst(e)ine, an engineered enzyme inhibits glutathione production and cripples antioxidant defenses of tumors in a variety of mouse models. Interleukin-33-induced expression of PIBF1 by decidual B cells protects against preterm labor   pp128 - 135 Bihui Huang, Azure N Faucette, Michael D Pawlitz, Bo Pei, Joshua W Goyert et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4244 B cells protect against inflammation-associated preterm labor via IL-33-induced PIBF1 expression in mice, which suggests a therapy for this condition in humans. Top Advertisement All content now free to access including archives! Nature Communications is an open access journal that publishes high-quality research from all areas of the natural sciences. 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