Wednesday, January 4, 2017

Nature contents: 05 January 2017

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  journal cover  
Nature Volume 541 Issue 7635
 
This Week  
 
 
Editorials  
 
 
 
Why researchers should resolve to engage in 2017
Debates over climate change and genome editing present the need for researchers to venture beyond their comfort zones to engage with citizens — and they should receive credit for doing so.
 
Black holes from prediction to detection
 
This Collection showcases the presence of black holes in scientific research published by Nature Research over the last 50 years and the evolution of our understanding of black holes in astronomy and astrophysics over that time.
 
World View  
 
 
 
Scientists should not resign themselves to Brexit
Leaving the European Union is not yet a done deal, and UK researchers must look past a pay-off and take a stand, says Colin Macilwain.
 
Seven Days  
 
 
 
China’s ivory ban, spine-disease drug and dark-matter pioneer dies
The week in science.
 
 
Advertising.
 
 
News in Focus
 
Quantum computers ready to leap out of the lab in 2017
Google, Microsoft and a host of labs and start-ups are racing to turn scientific curiosities into working machines.
Davide Castelvecchi
  3D ocean map tracks ecosystems in unprecedented detail
Tool to divide water masses into precise categories can help in conservation planning.
Alexandra Witze
Wolf transplant could reset iconic island study
US government proposes introducing wolves to Isle Royale as population dwindles.
Emma Marris
  Scientists in Germany, Peru and Taiwan to lose access to Elsevier journals
Libraries pursue alternative delivery routes after licence negotiations break down.
Quirin Schiermeier, Emiliano Rodríguez Mega
2017 sneak peek: What the new year holds for science
Expect researchers to glimpse an event horizon, continue striving for quantum supremacy and brace themselves for a political hangover.
Elizabeth Gibney
 
Features  
 
 
 
What’s killing the world’s shorebirds?
Researchers brave polar bears, mosquitoes and gull attacks in the Canadian Arctic to investigate an alarming die off
Margaret Munro
Correction  
 
 
Correction
 
 
Advertising.
 
 
Comment
 
The new face of US science
Gary McDowell, Misty Heggeness and colleagues present census data showing how the biomedical workforce is fundamentally different to those of past generations – academia should study the trends, and adapt.
Misty L. Heggeness, Kearney T. W. Gunsalus, José Pacas et al.
Books and Arts  
 
 
 
Arts: Hot tickets 2017
Robots, DNA and electricity bask in the limelight, as Blade Runner reboots, Kazakhstan gets energetic and a 'space tapestry' rolls out. It's quite a year — and key anniversaries hit, too, for Canada, the anthropology dynamo the Peabody Museum and architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Nicola Jones reports.
Nicola Jones
Publishing: A brief history of Stephen Hawking's blockbuster
Elizabeth Leane surveys the extraordinary influence of the physicist's first foray into popular-science publishing.
Elizabeth Leane
Correspondence  
 
 
 
US universities: Cap senior salaries to boost junior posts
Christopher J. Evans
  Environment: China's energy rush harming ecosystem
Jianmin Ma, Jianzhong Xu
CRISP R-Cas9: A European position on genome editing
François Hirsch, Yves Lévy, Hervé Chneiweiss
  Data management: India needs agency for energy data
Rahul Tongia, Varun Rai, Gireesh Shrimali
Communication: A few words can make a big impact
Dario Del Giudice, Andrew B. Davies
 
 
 
Specials
 
TOOLBOX  
 
 
 
How scientists use Slack
Eight ways labs benefit from the popular workplace messaging tool.
Jeffrey M. Perkel
 
 
Research
 
NEW ONLINE  
 
 
 
Biological techniques: Stomach growth in a dish
A protocol has been developed to grow structures that resemble the main part of the stomach in vitro from human embryonic stem cells — an advance that provides insights into stomach development.
Cancer genomics: Spot the difference
A molecular analysis of human oesophageal cancers reveals abnormalities that might be targetable by existing drugs, and indicates that the current stratification of these tumours into subtypes is incomplete.
Wnt/β-catenin promotes gastric fundus specification in mice and humans
Wnt signalling is shown to be required for specification of the gastric fundus in mice, and was used to develop human gastric organoids with functional fundic cell types.
Penitentes as the origin of the bladed terrain of Tartarus Dorsa on Pluto
Simulations of Pluto suggest that the sharp ridges in the Tartarus Dorsa region of Pluto are penitentes that formed over the past tens of millions of years.
Hurricane intensification along United States coast suppressed during active hurricane periods
In general, if there are fewer Atlantic hurricanes, those near the US coast are more likely to intensify, whereas if there are many hurricanes, then those near the coast are more likely to weaken because of high local wind shear and low sea surface temperatures.
Genome-wide in vivo screen identifies novel host regulators of metastatic colonization
Screening mutant mouse lines using a genome-wide in vivo assay identifies microenvironmental regulators of metastatic colonization and defines SPNS2 as an important mediator of lung colonization.
A symmoriiform chondrichthyan braincase and the origin of chimaeroid fishes
The chimaeroids are one of the four principal divisions of the living jawed vertebrates and their evolutionary origins have been hard to discern; here, the study of a skull of the extinct shark Dwykaselachus shows that the chimaeroids nest among the once fairly common and widespread symmoriiforms.
Structural variation in amyloid-β fibrils from Alzheimer's disease clinical subtypes
Structural differences in 40- and 42-residue-long amyloid-β fibrils seeded in vitro from the cortical tissue of patients with different clinical subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease suggest that different fibril structures form in different disease variants and with different peptide lengths.
News and Views  
 
 
 
Astronomy: Radio burst caught red-handed
Heino Falcke
Structural biology: Ion-channel mechanisms revealed
Karl L. Magleby
DNA repair: A unifying mechanism in neurodegeneration
Christopher A. Ross, Ray Truant
Plant science: Crops on the fast track for light
Alexander V. Ruban
 
Therapeutic approaches to enhance natural killer cell cytotoxicity: the force awakens

This Poster discusses the growing armamentarium of Natural Killer cell based anticancer approaches and provides an overview of the strategies and agents in preclinical and clinical research.

Download the Poster free online

Produced with support from Lonza Bioscience Solutions
50 & 100 Years Ago
 
Chemistry: The long and winding road to catalysis
Francisco Zaera
Systems biology: Molecular memoirs of a cellular family
Lauren E. Beck, Arjun Raj
 
Articles  
 
 
 
Targeting metastasis-initiating cells through the fatty acid receptor CD36
Human oral carcinoma cells expressing high levels of the fatty acid receptor CD36 initiate metastasis in mouse models, and metastasis is increased by palmitic acid or a fatty diet and decreased by blockade of CD36.
Gloria Pascual, Alexandra Avgustinova, Stefania Mejetta et al.
Cryo-EM structure of the open high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel
Two complementary studies present the full-length high-resolution structure of a Slo1 channel in the presence or absence of Ca2+ ions, in which an unconventional allosteric voltage-sensing mechanism regulates the Ca2+ sensor in addition to the voltage sensor’s direct action on the pore.
Xiao Tao, Richard K. Hite, Roderick MacKinnon
Structural basis for gating the high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel
Two complementary studies present the full-length high-resolution structure of a Slo1 channel in the presence or absence of Ca2+ ions, in which an unconventional allosteric voltage-sensing mechanism regulates the Ca2+ sensor in addition to the voltage sensor’s direct action on the pore.
Richard K. Hite, Xiao Tao, Roderick MacKinnon
Letters  
 
 
 
A direct localization of a fast radio burst and its host
Subarcsecond localization of the repeating fast radio burst FRB 121102 shows that its source is co-located with a faint galaxy with a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus, or a previously unknown type of extragalactic source.
S. Chatterjee, C. J. Law, R. S. Wharton et al.
Catalyst support effects on hydrogen spillover
The mechanism of hydrogen spillover is described using a precisely nanofabricated model system, explaining why it is slower on an aluminum oxide catalyst support than on a titanium oxide catalyst support.
Waiz Karim, Clelia Spreafico, Armin Kleibert et al.
Epigenome-wide association study of body mass index, and the adverse outcomes of adiposity
A large-scale epigenome-wide association study identifies changes in DNA methylation associated with body mass index in blood and adipose tissue, and correlates DNA methylation sites with high risk of incident type 2 diabetes.
Simone Wahl, Alexander Drong, Benjamin Lehne et al.
Sub-ice-shelf sediments record history of twentieth-century retreat of Pine Island Glacier
Many glaciers and ice shelves in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet are retreating or thinning rapidly, but the triggering mechanism has been unclear; now, the retreat of Pine Island Glacier is found to have begun in the 1940s following warming El Niño events in the Pacific Ocean, showing that glacial retreat can continue long after an initial push from the climate.
J. A. Smith, T. J. Andersen, M. Shortt et al.
Correlated fluorescence blinking in two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures
A correlated blinking phenomenon is discovered in two-dimensional bilayer semiconductor heterostructures, whereby a bright emission state occurs in one monolayer while a dark state occurs in the other, and vice versa.
Weigao Xu, Weiwei Liu, Jan F. Schmidt et al.
Centennial-scale Holocene climate variations amplified by Antarctic Ice Sheet discharge
Records of iceberg-rafted debris and climate model simulations reveal that fluctuations in Antarctic Ice Sheet discharge may have amplified climate fluctuations during the Holocene.
Pepijn Bakker, Peter U. Clark, Nicholas R. Golledge et al.
XRCC1 mutation is associated with PARP1 hyperactivation and cerebellar ataxia
Biallelic mutations in human XRCC1 are associated with ocular motor apraxia, axonal neuropathy, and progressive cerebellar ataxia.
Nicolas C. Hoch, Hana Hanzlikova, Stuart L. Rulten et al.
Identification of an atypical monocyte and committed progenitor involved in fibrosis
An atypical monocyte with partial granulocyte characteristics is identified and shown to be critical for the development of fibrosis.
Takashi Satoh, Katsuhiro Nakagawa, Fuminori Sugihara et al.
Splicing factor 1 modulates dietary restriction and TORC1 pathway longevity in C. elegans
Precursor mRNA splicing homeostasis is a biomarker and predictor of life expectancy in Caenorhabditis elegans and defects in global pre-mRNA splicing associated with age are reduced by dietary restriction via splicing factor 1.
Caroline Heintz, Thomas K. Doktor, Anne Lanjuin et al.
Synthetic recording and in situ readout of lineage information in single cells
A new system, termed MEMOIR, allows cells to record lineage and gene expression history within their own genome in a format that can be read out in single cells in situ.
Kirsten L. Frieda, James M. Linton, Sahand Hormoz et al.
Reducing phosphorus accumulation in rice grains with an impaired transporter in the node
The phosphorous transporter SPDT is identified in rice; depletion of the transporter gene alters the phosphorus distribution in rice grains and leaves, suggesting that the strategy could be used for agricultural purposes.
Naoki Yamaji, Yuma Takemoto, Takaaki Miyaji et al.
In situ structures of the genome and genome-delivery apparatus in a single-stranded RNA virus
A high-resolution structure of the bacteriophage MS2 sheds light on the structure of the genome and how the genome is delivered into a bacterium.
Xinghong Dai, Zhihai Li, Mason Lai et al.
Structural basis of an essential interaction between influenza polymerase and Pol II CTD
The crystal structure of bat influenza A polymerase bound to a serine-5 phosphorylated peptide mimic from the C-terminal domain of cellular RNA polymerase II shows how the two polymerases are directly coupled and suggests that the interaction site could be targeted for antiviral drug development.
Maria Lukarska, Guillaume Fournier, Alexander Pflug et al.
CORRIGENDUM  
 
 
 
Corrigendum: The Asian monsoon over the past 640,000 years and ice age terminations
Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Ashish Sinha et al.
Errata  
 
 
 
Erratum: Transplanted embryonic neurons integrate into adult neocortical circuits
Susanne Falkner, Sofia Grade, Leda Dimou et al.
 
 
Advertising.
 
 
Careers & Jobs
 
Column  
 
 
 
By students, for students
Theresa Mercer
Career Briefs  
 
 
 
Competition: Energy start-ups
Training: Careers in bioscience
Correction
Futures  
 
 
Chrysalis
Body of evidence.
Thomas Broderick
 
 
 
 
 

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Teacher position-Nanjing Institute of Technology

 
 

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Jinan University 

 
 
 
 
 

Postdoctoral Position Yale University

 
 

Stefania Nicoli, PhD Internal Medicine and Pharmacology 

 
 
 
 

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natureevents directory featured events

 
 
 
 

NeuroBridges Computational Neuroscience School 2017

 
 

03.09.17 Cluny, France

 
 
 
 

Natureevents Directory is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide.

 
 
 
 
 
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