Nature Medicine Contents: December 2016 Volume 22 Number 12 pp 1369-1502

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TABLE OF CONTENTS December 2016 Volume 22, Issue 12 Editorial News Correspondence News and Views Perspective Articles Letters Corrigenda Errata Advertisement Nature Outlook: Precision Medicine Health care that is tailored on the basis of an individual's genes, lifestyle or environment, is not a modern concept. But advances in genetics and the growing availability of health data for researchers and physicians promise to make this new era of medicine more personalized than ever before. Access the Outlook free online for six months Sponsored by: Illumina, Inc. Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Outlook: Parkinson's disease  It is 200 years since Parkinson's disease was first described. This Outlook charts the progress of research in an engaging timeline and shows how our understanding of Parkinson's motor and non-motor symptoms has evolved. It also reveals the exciting new applications of smartphones in monitoring the disease. Access the Outlook free online   Advertisement Nature Outlook: Kidney Cancer Kidney cancer has long flown under the radar despite being one of the top-ten cancer killers worldwide. It remains hard to detect, difficult to treat and poorly understood. But that is starting to change as researchers dig into the mysteries surrounding the disease.  Access the Outlook free online for six months Produced with support from: Eisai Inc.     Advertisement Nature Insight: Neurodegenerative Diseases This Insight explores brain ageing and possible rejuvenation and updates our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. It also discusses how knowledge from prion disease may apply to more common neurodegenerative disorders and provides a structural perspective on the properties of amyloids. Access the Insight free online Produced with support from:  Eli Lilly and Company     Editorial Top Crystallizing sugar science   p1369 doi:10.1038/nm.4250 Recent ballot initiatives instituting a tax on sugary drinks in the US, alongside related efforts by other countries and support from the World Health Organization, bring to the forefront the need for greater scientific insight into how sugars affect metabolic health. News Top Sex on the brain: Unraveling the differences between women and men in neurodegenerative disease   pp1370 - 1372 Mike May doi:10.1038/nm1216-1370 The Yearbook   p1373 Shraddha Chakradhar doi:10.1038/nm1216-1373 From tech billionaires turned medical philanthropists to a crusader for improved drug safety, our list of newsmakers this year includes a number of hyper-ambitious individuals. Notable advances 2016   pp1374 - 1376 Hannah Stower, Tanya Bondar, Alison Farrell, Michael Basson, Randy Levinson et al. doi:10.1038/nm1216-1374 This past year saw breakthroughs in areas ranging from gene editing to eye-tissue repair. Here are a few of the research papers that reported some of the exciting discoveries of 2016. Drugs that made headlines in 2016   pp1377 - 1379 Amanda B. Keener doi:10.1038/nm1216-1377 Gene therapies featured prominently among this year's newsworthy drugs, some of which have already received a green light from regulatory agencies for sale or are otherwise surging forward in trials. Other drugs ended the year with a much less rosy efficacy or safety profile. Timeline of events   pp1380 - 1381 Shraddha Chakradhar doi:10.1038/nm1216-1380 From an alarming global health emergency to an increased focus on antibiotic resistance, 2016 was a year replete with attention on infectious disease. But the year also included events ranging from clinical trials gone horribly awry to calls for expanded access to marijuana for research. Correspondence Top Neutrophils are not required for resolution of acute gouty arthritis in mice   pp1382 - 1384 Laurent L Reber, Nicolas Gaudenzio, Philipp Starkl and Stephen J Galli doi:10.1038/nm.4216 Reply to "Neutrophils are not required for resolution of acute gouty arthritis in mice"   pp1384 - 1386 Christiane Reinwald, Christine Schauer, Janka Zsofia Csepregi, Deborah Kienhofer, Daniela Weidner et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4217 News and Views Top Understanding immune responses to the influenza vaccine   pp1387 - 1388 Richard Webby doi:10.1038/nm.4248 The quest to improve influenza vaccines is aided by research into the immune response that they generate. Two recent studies have focused their attention on the specificities of antibodies induced after vaccination with conventional inactivated influenza vaccines. See also: Letter by Raymond et al. | Article by Lee et al. Spermidine to the rescue for an aging heart   pp1389 - 1390 Rafael de Cabo and Pacido Navas doi:10.1038/nm.4243 A recent study shows that spermidine has beneficial effects on health and lifespan in mice, and that these effects are the result of improved cardiovascular function. Similar effects of spermidine on humans are supported by epidemiological studies. See also: Article by Eisenberg et al. Diversity and collaboration for effective immunotherapy   pp1390 - 1391 Karolina Palucka and Jacques Banchereau doi:10.1038/nm.4249 Tumors continue to escape therapies that target single signaling pathways. A recent study in mice shows that combination immunotherapy involving different arms of immune response can overcome this and cure intractable tumors. See also: Article by Moynihan et al. Nature Medicine JOBS of the week Positions at Center for Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University International Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (M.Sc. and PhD) Institut de recherches cliniques de Montr�al, IRCM Cheeloo College of Medicine(CCOM), Shandong University Recruit Outstanding Talents Cheeloo College of Medicine(CCOM), Shandong University The Albert Einstein College of Medicine - NMR / structural biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York Yale University School Of Medicine-Department of Cell Biology Faculty Yale University School of Medicine More Science jobs from Nature Medicine EVENT 2nd EACR-OECI Conference: Making it Personal: Cancer Precision Medicine 13.03.17 Amsterdam , Netherlands More science events from Perspective Top Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and precision oncology   pp1392 - 1401 Eirini P Papapetrou doi:10.1038/nm.4238 Cancer-derived induced pluripotent stem cells provide a new opportunity to model the effects of the cancer genome. In this Perspective, Eirini Papapetrou discusses the future applications of these cells for cancer modeling and therapeutic understanding. Advertisement Focus on Psychiatric Disorders Compared to other areas, psychiatric research faces unique biological, technological, clinical, regulatory and ethical challenges. In this focus Nature Neuroscience and Nature Medicine present a collection of Commentaries, Perspectives, and Reviews that address these challenges. Access the Focus online Produced with support of a grant from:  Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc.     Articles Top Eradication of large established tumors in mice by combination immunotherapy that engages innate and adaptive immune responses   pp1402 - 1410 Kelly D Moynihan, Cary F Opel, Gregory L Szeto, Alice Tzeng, Eric F Zhu et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4200 An immunotherapy consisting of a tumor-antigen targeting antibody, PD-1 blocking antibody, extended half-life recombinant IL-2 and a lymph-node-targeted T cell vaccine mobilized innate and adaptive immunity and eradicated large established tumors in a variety of mouse models. See also: News and Views by Palucka & Banchereau IAP antagonists induce anti-tumor immunity in multiple myeloma   pp1411 - 1420 Marta Chesi, Noweeda N Mirza, Victoria M Garbitt, Meaghen E Sharik, Amylou C Dueck et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4229 Blockade of cIAP1 and cIAP2 induces a tumor cell-autonomous type-I IFN response that activates myeloid cells and potentiates anti-tumor immunity in pre-clinical models and patients with multiple myeloma. Capturing the biology of disease severity in a PSC-based model of familial dysautonomia   pp1421 - 1427 Nadja Zeltner, Faranak Fattahi, Nicole C Dubois, Nathalie Saurat, Fabien Lafaille et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4220 Using induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with familial dysautonomia, the authors show that in vitro models can recapitulate patient-specific differences in disease severity. Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine   pp1428 - 1438 Tobias Eisenberg, Mahmoud Abdellatif, Sabrina Schroeder, Uwe Primessnig, Slaven Stekovic et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4222 Spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine, extends the lifespan of mice and is cardioprotective in both aged mice and hypertensive rats. In humans, high dietary spermidine intake is associated with reduced blood pressure and a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. See also: News and Views by de Cabo & Navas Human antibody repertoire after VSV-Ebola vaccination identifies novel targets and virus-neutralizing IgM antibodies   pp1439 - 1447 Surender Khurana, Sandra Fuentes, Elizabeth M Coyle, Supriya Ravichandran, Richard T Davey Jr et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4201 Surender Khurana and colleagues analyzed the antibody repertoire in healthy individuals after vaccination against Ebola virus using a VSV-Ebola vaccine and identify a strong contribution of IgM antibodies to the virus-neutralizing response. Zika viral dynamics and shedding in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques   pp1448 - 1455 Christa E Osuna, So-Yon Lim, Claire Deleage, Bryan D Griffin, Derek Stein et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4206 Both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are susceptible to subcutaneous infection with Zika virus; longitudinal studies of infected animals provide information about the temporal dynamics of Zika virus in distinct cells, tissues and body fluids, as well as the immune response to the virus. Molecular-level analysis of the serum antibody repertoire in young adults before and after seasonal influenza vaccination   pp1456 - 1464 Jiwon Lee, Daniel R Boutz, Veronika Chromikova, M Gordon Joyce, Christopher Vollmers et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4224 Antibodies that bind to both H1 and H3 influenza strains exist in the pre-vaccination serum repertoire of healthy adults; most vaccine-elicited clonotypes bind either H1 or H3 strains. See also: Letter by Raymond et al. | News and Views by Webby Advertisement Poster on Molecular mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis This poster from Nature Reviews Neuroscience provides an overview of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that have been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which is the most common form of motor neuron disease.  Download free online  Funded by a grant from MT Pharma America, Inc     Letters Top Influenza immunization elicits antibodies specific for an egg-adapted vaccine strain   pp1465 - 1469 Donald D Raymond, Shaun M Stewart, Jiwon Lee, Jack Ferdman, Goran Bajic et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4223 Antibodies elicited by vaccination with influenza vaccine produced in eggs bind more strongly to the egg-adapted vaccine strain than to wild-type circulating strains. See also: Article by Lee et al. | News and Views by Webby Genomic diversity in autopsy samples reveals within-host dissemination of HIV-associated Mycobacterium tuberculosis    pp1470 - 1474 Tami D Lieberman, Douglas Wilson, Reshma Misra, Lealia L Xiong, Prashini Moodley et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4205 Genomic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in postmortem biopsies provides a window into intrahost diversification of a disseminated pathogen. Hepatitis-C-virus-induced microRNAs dampen interferon-mediated antiviral signaling   pp1475 - 1481 Abigail Jarret, Adelle P McFarland, Stacy M Horner, Alison Kell, Johannes Schwerk et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4211 Ram Savan and colleagues report that two miRNAs known to suppress type 3 interferon (IFN) signaling also downregulate type 1IFN signaling in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected hepatocytes. The findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which antiviral IFN signaling is inhibited in HCV infection. Analysis of self-antigen specificity of islet-infiltrating T cells from human donors with type 1 diabetes   pp1482 - 1487 Jenny Aurielle B Babon, Megan E DeNicola, David M Blodgett, Inne Crevecoeur, Thomas S Buttrick et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4203 Analysis of T cells isolated from patients with and without type 1 diabetes reveals reactivity to a range of native as well as post-translationally modified self-antigens only in individuals with T1D. DNMT3A mutations promote anthracycline resistance in acute myeloid leukemia via impaired nucleosome remodeling   pp1488 - 1495 Olga A Guryanova, Kaitlyn Shank, Barbara Spitzer, Luisa Luciani, Richard P Koche et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4210 AML cells carrying R882 mutations in DNMT3A fail to sense and repair DNA damage induced by standard-dose chemotherapy as a result of impaired chromatin remodeling Forebrain-selective AMPA-receptor antagonism guided by TARP γ-8 as an antiepileptic mechanism   pp1496 - 1501 Akihiko S Kato, Kevin D Burris, Kevin M Gardinier, Douglas L Gernert, Warren J Porter et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4221 Selective pharmacological blockade of forebrain excitatory AMPA receptors that express the TARP γ-8 subunit enables antiepileptic therapy in rodent models of epilepsy without inducing motor impairments associated with currently used antiepileptic drugs. Corrigenda Top Corrigendum: Generation of stable monoclonal antibody-producing B cell receptor-positive human memory B cells by genetic programming   p1502 Mark J Kwakkenbos, Sean A Diehl, Etsuko Yasuda, Arjen Q Bakker, Caroline M M van Geelen et al. doi:10.1038/nm1216-1502a Corrigendum: Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET   p1502 Hector Peinado, Masa Alecˇkovic, Simon Lavotshkin, Irina Matei, Bruno Costa-Silva et al. doi:10.1038/nm1216-1502b Errata Top Erratum: Endothelial exocytosis of angiopoietin-2 resulting from CCM3 deficiency contributes to cerebral cavernous malformation   p1502 Huanjiao Jenny Zhou, Lingfeng Qin, Haifeng Zhang, Wenwen Tang, Weidong Ji et al. doi:10.1038/nm1216-1502c Erratum: Dietary zinc alters the microbiota and decreases resistance to Clostridium difficile infection   p1502 Joseph P Zackular, Jessica L Moore, Ashley T Jordan, Lillian J Juttukonda, Michael J Noto et al. doi:10.1038/nm1216-1502d Top Advertisement ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIAL BIOFILMS AND HUMAN MICROBIOMES: DRIVERS OF FUTURE SUSTAINABILITY  February 12-15, 2017 | Nanyang Executive Centre, Singapore Presented by: Nanyang Technological University (NTU) | Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes REGISTER NOW!   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. 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