Scientific Reports Physics Table of Contents e-alert: 18 October 2016

If you are unable to see the message below, click here to view.

18 October 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               npj 2D Materials and Applications is an online-only, open access journal that aims to become a top-tier interdisciplinary platform for scientists to share research on 2D materials and their applications. Part of the Nature Partner Journals series, npj 2D Materials and Applications is published in partnership with FCT NOVA, Lisbon, with the support of the European Materials Research Society (E-MRS). The journal is now open for submissions. Find out more >>>                 Physical Sciences               Exploring 3D microstructural evolution in Li-Sulfur battery electrodes using in-situ X-ray tomography ▶     Assiya Yermukhambetova, Chun Tan, Sohrab R. Daemi et al.     Lithium sulfur (Li-S) batteries offer higher theoretical specific capacity, lower cost and enhanced safety compared to current Li-ion battery technology. However, the multiple …             Cu2O/CuO Bilayered Composite as a High-Efficiency Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ▶     Yang Yang, Di Xu, Qingyong Wu et al.     Solar powered hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is one of the key reactions in solar-to-chemical energy conversion. It is desirable to develop photocathodic materials that …             Formation of xenon-nitrogen compounds at high pressure ▶     Ross T. Howie, Robin Turnbull, Jack Binns et al.     Molecular nitrogen exhibits one of the strongest known interatomic bonds, while xenon possesses a closed-shell electronic structure: a direct consequence of which renders both …             Cascading failures in coupled networks: The critical role of node-coupling strength across networks ▶     Run-Ran Liu, Ming Li, Chun-Xiao Jia     The robustness of coupled networks against node failure has been of interest in the past several years, while most of the researches have considered a very strong node-coupling …             Diamond photonics platform enabled by femtosecond laser writing ▶     Belén Sotillo, Vibhav Bharadwaj, J. P. Hadden et al.     Diamond is a promising platform for sensing and quantum processing owing to the remarkable properties of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) impurity. The electrons of the NV center, …             Selective Capture of Histidine-tagged Proteins from Cell Lysates Using TEM grids Modified with NTA-Graphene Oxide ▶     Christopher J. Benjamin, Kyle J. Wright, Scott C. Bolton et al.     We report the fabrication of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids bearing graphene oxide (GO) sheets that have been modified with Nα, Nα-dicarboxymethyllysine (NTA) and …             Controllable Synthesis of Monodisperse Er3+-Doped Lanthanide Oxyfluorides Nanocrystals with Intense Mid-Infrared Emission ▶     Huilin He, Qiang Liu, Dandan Yang et al.     Monodisperse lanthanide oxyfluorides LnOF (Ln = Gd, Y) with mid-infrared emissions were controllably synthesized via a mild co-precipitation route and a subsequent …             Molecular size and solubility conditions of polysilane macromolecules with different topology ▶     Andraž Mavrič, Artem Badasyan, Mattia Fanetti et al.     Solubility of polysilane macromolecules has so far been a scientific as well as technological problem due to a lack of understanding of their proper molecular size and …             Cation/Anion Substitution in Cu2ZnSnS4 for Improved Photovoltaic Performance ▶     Balakrishna Ananthoju, Jeotikanta Mohapatra, Manoj K. Jangid et al.     Cations and anions are replaced with Fe, Mn, and Se in CZTS in order to control the formations of the secondary phase, the band gap, and the micro structure of Cu2ZnSnS4. We …             Controllable vacuum-induced diffraction of matter-wave superradiance using an all-optical dispersive cavity ▶     Shih-Wei Su, Zhen-Kai Lu, Shih-Chuan Gou et al.     Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) has played a central role in demonstrating the fundamental principles of the quantum world, and in particular those of atom-light …             Fabricating customized hydrogel contact lens ▶     Andre Childs, Hao Li, Daniella M. Lewittes et al.     Contact lenses are increasingly used in laboratories for in vivo animal retinal imaging and pre-clinical studies. The lens shapes often need modification to optimally fit corneas …             Transient chaos - a resolution of breakdown of quantum-classical correspondence in optomechanics ▶     Guanglei Wang, Ying-Cheng Lai, Celso Grebogi     Recently, the phenomenon of quantum-classical correspondence breakdown was uncovered in optomechanics, where in the classical regime the system exhibits chaos but in the …             Slip-Effect Functional Air Filter for Efficient Purification of PM2.5 ▶     Xinglei Zhao, Shan Wang, Xia Yin et al.     Fabrication of air filtration materials (AFM) that allow air to easily flow through while retaining particles is a significant and urgent need due to the harmful airborne …             Single crystal growth from separated educts and its application to lithium transition-metal oxides ▶     F. Freund, S. C. Williams, R. D. Johnson et al.     Thorough mixing of the starting materials is the first step of a crystal growth procedure. This holds true for almost any standard technique, whereas the intentional separation …             A simple, one-step hydrothermal approach to durable and robust superparamagnetic, superhydrophobic and electromagnetic wave-absorbing wood ▶     Hanwei Wang, Qiufang Yao, Chao Wang et al.     In this work, lamellar MnFe2O4 was successfully planted on a wood surface through the association of hydrogen bonds via the one-pot hydrothermal method. Simultaneously, the …             Benford’s Distribution in Complex Networks ▶     Mikołaj Morzy, Tomasz Kajdanowicz, Bolesław K. Szymański     Many collections of numbers do not have a uniform distribution of the leading digit, but conform to a very particular pattern known as Benford’s distribution. This distribution …             Enhanced flexural wave sensing by adaptive gradient-index metamaterials ▶     Y. Y. Chen, R. Zhu, M. V. Barnhart et al.     Increasing sensitivity and signal to noise ratios of conventional wave sensors is an interesting topic in structural health monitoring, medical imaging, aerospace and nuclear …             The generalized harmonic potential theorem in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field ▶     Meng-Yun Lai, Xiao-Yin Pan     We investigate the evolution of the many-body wave function of a quantum system with time-varying effective mass, confined by a harmonic potential with time-varying frequency in …             Fluorescence-based characterization of non-fluorescent transient states of tryptophan – prospects for protein conformation and interaction studies ▶     Heike Hevekerl, Johan Tornmalm, Jerker Widengren     Tryptophan fluorescence is extensively used for label-free protein characterization. Here, we show that by analyzing how the average tryptophan fluorescence intensity varies with …             Accurate and stable equal-pressure measurements of water vapor transmission rate reaching the 10−6 g m−2 day−1 range ▶     Yoichiro Nakano, Takashi Yanase, Taro Nagahama et al.     The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of a gas barrier coating is a critically important parameter for flexible organic device packaging, but its accurate measurement without …             Light-Induced Peroxide Formation in ZnO: Origin of Persistent Photoconductivity ▶     Youngho Kang, Ho-Hyun Nahm, Seungwu Han     The persistent photoconductivity (PPC) in ZnO has been a critical problem in opto-electrical devices employing ZnO such as ultraviolet sensors and thin film transistors for the …             Spectromicroscopy of C60 and azafullerene C59N: Identifying surface adsorbed water ▶     Dogan Erbahar, Toma Susi, Xavier Rocquefelte et al.     C60 fullerene crystals may serve as important catalysts for interstellar organic chemistry. To explore this possibility, the electronic structures of free-standing powders of C60 …             Why Does 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol Generate the Strongest Intrinsic Chemiluminescence among All Nineteen Chlorophenolic Persistent Organic Pollutants during Environmentally-friendly Advanced Oxidation Process? ▶     Hui-Ying Gao, Li Mao, Bo Shao et al.     We found recently that intrinsic chemiluminescence (CL) could be produced by all 19 chlorophenolic persistent organic pollutants during environmentally-friendly advanced …             Redox enzyme-mimicking activities of CeO2 nanostructures: Intrinsic influence of exposed facets ▶     Yushi Yang, Zhou Mao, Wenjie Huang et al.     CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have been well demonstrated as an antioxidant in protecting against oxidative stress-induced cellular damages and a potential therapeutic agent for …             Structures, properties, and energy-storage mechanisms of the semi-lunar process cuticles in locusts ▶     Chao Wan, Zhixiu Hao, Xiqiao Feng     Locusts have excellent jumping and kicking abilities to survive in nature, which are achieved through the energy storage and release processes occurring in cuticles, especially …             Family of graphene-assisted resonant surface optical excitations for terahertz devices ▶     I-Tan Lin, Jia-Ming Liu, Hsin-Cheng Tsai et al.     The majority of the proposed graphene-based THz devices consist of a metamaterial that can optically interact with graphene. This coupled graphene-metamaterial system gives rise …             Selective detection of dopamine with an all PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistor ▶     Isacco Gualandi, Domenica Tonelli, Federica Mariani et al.     An all PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistor (OECT) has been developed and used for the selective detection of dopamine (DA) in the presence of interfering compounds …             Understanding and controlling the structure and segregation behaviour of AuRh nanocatalysts ▶     Laurent Piccolo, Z. Y. Li, Ilker Demiroglu et al.     Heterogeneous catalysis, which is widely used in the chemical industry, makes a great use of supported late-transition-metal nanoparticles, and bimetallic catalysts often show …             Experimental demonstration of a quantum shutter closing two slits simultaneously ▶     Ryo Okamoto, Shigeki Takeuchi     The interference between two paths of a single photon at a double slit is widely considered to be the most paradoxical result of quantum theory. Here is a new interesting …             Spatiotemporal properties of microsaccades: Model predictions and experimental tests ▶     Jian-Fang Zhou, Wu-Jie Yuan, Zhao Zhou     Microsaccades are involuntary and very small eye movements during fixation. Recently, the microsaccade-related neural dynamics have been extensively investigated both in …             Lithography Assisted Fiber-Drawing Nanomanufacturing ▶     Behrad Gholipour, Paul Bastock, Long Cui et al.     We present a high-throughput and scalable technique for the production of metal nanowires embedded in glass fibres by taking advantage of thin film properties and patterning …             Enhancement of anodic current attributed to oxygen evolution on α-Fe2O3 electrode by microwave oscillating electric field ▶     Fuminao Kishimoto, Masayuki Matsuhisa, Shinichiro Kawamura et al.     Various microwave effects on chemical reactions have been observed, reported and compared to those carried out under conventional heating. These effects are classified into …             Quantum Oscillations at Integer and Fractional Landau Level Indices in Single-Crystalline ZrTe5 ▶     W. Yu, Y. Jiang, J. Yang et al.     A three-dimensional (3D) Dirac semimetal (DS) is an analogue of graphene, but with linear energy dispersion in all (three) momentum directions. 3D DSs have been a fertile …             Flutter Phenomenon in Flow Driven Energy Harvester–A Unified Theoretical Model for “Stiff” and “Flexible” Materials ▶     Yu Chen, Xiaojing Mu, Tao Wang et al.     Here, we report a stable and predictable aero-elastic motion in the flow-driven energy harvester, which is different from flapping and vortex-induced-vibration (VIV). A unified …             Non-equilibrium plasma prevention of Schistosoma japonicum transmission ▶     Xing-Quan Wang, Feng-Peng Wang, Wei Chen et al.     Schistosoma japonicum is a widespread human and animal parasite that causes intestinal and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis linked to colon, liver and bladder cancers, and anemia. …             Magnetoresistance manipulation and sign reversal in Mn-doped ZnO nanowires ▶     Keshab R. Sapkota, Weimin Chen, F. Scott Maloney et al.     We report magnetoresistance (MR) manipulation and sign reversal induced by carrier concentration modulation in Mn-doped ZnO nanowires. At low temperatures positive …             Enhancement of ferromagnetism by oxygen isotope substitution in strontium ruthenate SrRuO3 ▶     Hirofumi Kawanaka, Yoshihiro Aiura, Takayuki Hasebe et al.     The oxygen isotope effect of the ferromagnetic transition in itinerant ferromagnet strontium ruthenate SrRuO3 with a Curie temperature Tc of 160 K is studied. We observed for the …             Interrogating the superconductor Ca10(Pt4As8)(Fe2−xPtxAs2)5 Layer-by-layer ▶     Jisun Kim, Hyoungdo Nam, Guorong Li et al.     Ever since the discovery of high-Tc superconductivity in layered cuprates, the roles that individual layers play have been debated, due to difficulty in layer-by-layer …             Ferroelectric triggering of carbon monoxide adsorption on lead zirco-titanate (001) surfaces ▶     Liviu Cristian Tănase, Nicoleta Georgiana Apostol, Laura Elena Abramiuc et al.     Atomically clean lead zirco-titanate PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (001) layers exhibit a polarization oriented inwards P(−), visible by a band bending of all core levels towards lower binding …             A Study of Drop-Microstructured Surface Interactions during Dropwise Condensation with Quartz Crystal Microbalance ▶     Junwei Su, Majid Charmchi, Hongwei Sun     Dropwise condensation (DWC) on hydrophobic surfaces is attracting attention for its great potential in many industrial applications, such as steam power plants, water …             Dislocation Strengthening without Ductility Trade-off in Metastable Austenitic Steels ▶     Jiabin Liu, Yongbin Jin, Xiaoyang Fang et al.     Strength and ductility are mutually exclusive if they are manifested as consequence of the coupling between strengthening and toughening mechanisms. One notable example is …             Heat and Mass Transfer of the Droplet Vacuum Freezing Process Based on the Diffusion-controlled Evaporation and Phase Transition Mechanism ▶     Zhijun Zhang, Jingxin Gao, Shiwei Zhang     A frozen phase transition model is developed to investigate the heat and mass transfer of a single water droplet during the vacuum freezing process. The model is based on the …             Competing magnetic ground states and their coupling to the crystal lattice in CuFe2Ge2 ▶     Andrew F. May, Stuart Calder, David S. Parker et al.     Identifying and characterizing systems with coupled and competing interactions is central to the development of physical models that can accurately describe and predict emergent …             Optically induced effective mass renormalization: the case of graphite image potential states ▶     M. Montagnese, S. Pagliara, G. Galimberti et al.     Many-body interactions with the underlying bulk electrons determine the properties of confined electronic states at the surface of a metal. Using momentum resolved nonlinear …             Chiral Separation by Flows: The Role of Flow Symmetry and Dimensionality ▶     Sunghan Ro, Juyeon Yi, Yong Woon Kim     Separation of enantiomers by flows is a promising chiral resolution method using cost-effective microfluidics. Notwithstanding a number of experimental and numerical studies, a …             Acoustic Holographic Rendering with Two-dimensional Metamaterial-based Passive Phased Array ▶     Yangbo Xie, Chen Shen, Wenqi Wang et al.     Acoustic holographic rendering in complete analogy with optical holography are useful for various applications, ranging from multi-focal lensing, multiplexed sensing and …             Ratiometric ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on redox substrate and immunoprobe ▶     Zhongxue Tang, Zhanfang Ma     In this work, we presented a ratiometric electrochemical immunosensor based on redox substrate and immunoprobe. Carboxymethyl cellulose-Au-Pb2+ (CMC-Au-Pb2+) and carbon-Au-Cu2+ …             Multiplex quantification of four DNA targets in one reaction with Bio-Rad droplet digital PCR system for GMO detection ▶     David Dobnik, Dejan Štebih, Andrej Blejec et al.     The advantages of the digital PCR technology are already well documented until now. One way to achieve better cost efficiency of the technique is to use it in a multiplexing …             Line-scanning Brillouin microscopy for rapid non-invasive mechanical imaging ▶     Jitao Zhang, Antonio Fiore, Seok-Hyun Yun et al.     Brillouin spectroscopy probes the mechanical properties of material by measuring the optical frequency shift induced by photon-phonon scattering interactions. In traditional …             Electronically-Controlled Beam-Steering through Vanadium Dioxide Metasurfaces ▶     Mohammed Reza M. Hashemi, Shang-Hua Yang, Tongyu Wang et al.     Engineered metamaterials offer unique functionalities for manipulating the spectral and spatial properties of electromagnetic waves in unconventional ways. Here, we report a …             A Paradoxical Evolutionary Mechanism in Stochastically Switching Environments ▶     Kang Hao Cheong, Zong Xuan Tan, Neng-gang Xie et al.     Organisms with environmental sensors that guide survival are considered more likely to be favored by natural selection if they possess more accurate sensors. In this paper, we …             Inclination not force is sensed by plants during shoot gravitropism ▶     Hugo Chauvet, Olivier Pouliquen, Yoël Forterre et al.     Gravity perception plays a key role in how plants develop and adapt to environmental changes. However, more than a century after the pioneering work of Darwin, little is known on …             Non-destructive determination of Malondialdehyde (MDA) distribution in oilseed rape leaves by laboratory scale NIR hyperspectral imaging ▶     Wenwen Kong, Fei Liu, Chu Zhang et al.     The feasibility of hyperspectral imaging with 400–1000 nm was investigated to detect malondialdehyde (MDA) content in oilseed rape leaves under herbicide stress. After comparing …             Decrease in pH destabilizes individual vault nanocages by weakening the inter-protein lateral interaction ▶     Aida Llauró, Pablo Guerra, Ravi Kant et al.     Vault particles are naturally occurring proteinaceous cages with promising application as molecular containers. The use of vaults as functional transporters requires a profound …             Predicting Global Minimum in Complex Beryllium Borate System for Deep-ultraviolet Functional Optical Applications ▶     Qiang Bian, Zhihua Yang, Ying Wang et al.     Searching for high performance materials for optical communication and laser industry in deep-ultraviolet (DUV) region has been the subject of considerable interest. Such …             Ultra-high bandwidth quantum secured data transmission ▶     James F. Dynes, Winci W-S. Tam, Alan Plews et al.     Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides an attractive means for securing communications in optical fibre networks. However, deployment of the technology has been hampered by the …             Electrochemical deposition of layered copper thin films based on the diffusion limited aggregation ▶     Chenhuinan Wei, Guoxing Wu, Sanjun Yang et al.     In this work layered copper films with smooth surface were successfully fabricated onto ITO substrate by electrochemical deposition (ECD) and the thickness of the films was …             Polymorphic beams and Nature inspired circuits for optical current ▶     José A. Rodrigo, Tatiana Alieva     Laser radiation pressure is a basis of numerous applications in science and technology such as atom cooling, particle manipulation, material processing, etc. This light force for …             A generalized quantitative interpretation of dark-field contrast for highly concentrated microsphere suspensions ▶     Spyridon Gkoumas, Pablo Villanueva-Perez, Zhentian Wang et al.     In X-ray grating interferometry, dark-field contrast arises due to partial extinction of the detected interference fringes. This is also called visibility reduction and is …             Broadband full-color monolithic InGaN light-emitting diodes by self-assembled InGaN quantum dots ▶     Hongjian Li, Panpan Li, Junjie Kang et al.     We have presented broadband full-color monolithic InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by self-assembled InGaN quantum dots (QDs) using metal organic chemical vapor deposition …             Active tunable plasmonically induced polarization conversion in the THz regime ▶     Furi Ling, Gang Yao, Jianquan Yao     A plasmon-induced polarization conversion (PIPC) structure based on periodically patterned graphene was demonstrated in the THz regime. By varying the Fermi level of two …             Oxidation mechanism of T91 steel in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic: with consideration of internal oxidation ▶     Zhongfei Ye, Pei Wang, Hong Dong et al.     Clarification of the microscopic events that occur during oxidation is of great importance for understanding and consequently controlling the oxidation process. In this study the …             Core-shell Au-Pd nanoparticles as cathode catalysts for microbial fuel cell applications ▶     Gaixiu Yang, Dong Chen, Pengmei Lv et al.     Bimetallic nanoparticles with core-shell structures usually display enhanced catalytic properties due to the lattice strain created between the core and shell regions. In this …             Hexagonal 2H-MoSe2 broad spectrum active photocatalyst for Cr(VI) reduction ▶     Haipeng Chu, Xinjuan Liu, Baibai Liu et al.     To make full use of the solar energy, exploring broad spectrum active photocatalysts has become one of the core issues for photocatalysis. Here we report a novel hexagonal 2H-MoSe…             Large Tunable Thermophase in Superconductor – Quantum Dot – Superconductor Josephson Junctions ▶     Yaakov Kleeorin, Yigal Meir, Francesco Giazotto et al.     In spite of extended efforts, detecting thermoelectric effects in superconductors has proven to be a challenging task, due to the inherent superconducting particle-hole symmetry. …             Dark-field X-ray ptychography: Towards high-resolution imaging of thick and unstained biological specimens ▶     Akihiro Suzuki, Kei Shimomura, Makoto Hirose et al.     The phase shift of light or electrons in objects is now necessary for probing weak-phase objects such as unstained biological specimens. Optical microscopy (OM) and transmission …             Entropic and Near-Field Improvements of Thermoradiative Cells ▶     Wei-Chun Hsu, Jonathan K. Tong, Bolin Liao et al.     A p-n junction maintained at above ambient temperature can work as a heat engine, converting some of the supplied heat into electricity and rejecting entropy by interband …             Large field-induced-strain at high temperature in ternary ferroelectric crystals ▶     Yaojin Wang, Lijun Chen, Guoliang Yuan et al.     The new generation of ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 ferroelectric single crystals have potential applications in high power devices due to their surperior …             A Study of Electrochemical Machining of Ti-6Al-4V in NaNO3 solution ▶     Hansong Li, Chuanping Gao, Guoqian Wang et al.     The titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V is used in many industries including aviation, automobile manufacturing, and medical equipment, because of its low density, extraordinary corrosion …             Structural phase transitions and photoluminescence properties of oxonitridosilicate phosphors under high hydrostatic pressure ▶     Agata Lazarowska, Sebastian Mahlik, Marek Grinberg et al.     Spectroscopic properties of a series of (Sr0.98-xBaxEu0.02)Si2O2N2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.98) compounds has been studied under high hydrostatic pressure applied in a diamond anvil cell up to …             Solution-Processed One-Dimensional ZnO@CdS Heterojunction toward Efficient Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cell with Inverted Structure ▶     Rongrong Chen, Jiandong Fan, Chong Liu et al.     Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) semiconductor has been demonstrated to be a promising alternative absorber in thin film solar cell in virtue of its earth-abundant, non-toxic element, …             The origin of high PCE in PTB7 based photovoltaics: proper charge neutrality level and free energy of charge separation at PTB7/PC71BM interface ▶     Soohyung Park, Junkyeong Jeong, Gyeongho Hyun et al.     The energy level alignments at donor/acceptor interfaces in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) play a decisive role in device performance. However, little is known about the …             Quadrupole lattice resonances in plasmonic crystal excited by cylindrical vector beams ▶     Kyosuke Sakai, Kensuke Nomura, Takeaki Yamamoto et al.     We report a scheme to exploit low radiative loss plasmonic resonance by combining a dark (subradiant) mode and a lattice resonance. We theoretically demonstrate that such …             Quantum key distribution with prepare-and-measure Bell test ▶     Yong-gang Tan     The prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution (QKD) has the merits of fast speed, high key generation rate, and easy implementation. However, the detector side channel attacks …             Construction of 1D SnO2-coated ZnO nanowire heterojunction for their improved n-butylamine sensing performances ▶     Liwei Wang, Jintao Li, Yinghui Wang et al.     One-dimensional (1D) SnO2-coated ZnO nanowire (SnO2/ZnO NW) N-N heterojunctions were successfully constructed by an effective solvothermal treatment followed with calcination at …             Nanoscale solely amorphous layer in silicon wafers induced by a newly developed diamond wheel ▶     Zhenyu Zhang, Liangchao Guo, Junfeng Cui et al.     Nanoscale solely amorphous layer is achieved in silicon (Si) wafers, using a developed diamond wheel with ceria, which is confirmed by high resolution transmission electron …             Characterizing the residual glass in a MgO/Al2O3/SiO2/ZrO2/Y2O3 glass-ceramic ▶     Sabrina Seidel, Christian Patzig, Wolfgang Wisniewski et al.     The non-isochemical crystallization of glasses leads to glass-ceramics in which the chemical composition of the amorphous matrix differs from that of the parent glass. It is …             Enhanced Volatile Organic Compounds emissions and organic aerosol mass increase the oligomer content of atmospheric aerosols ▶     Ivan Kourtchev, Chiara Giorio, Antti Manninen et al.     Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a dominant fraction of the submicron atmospheric particle mass, but knowledge of the formation, composition and climate effects of …             The Photovoltaic Heat Island Effect: Larger solar power plants increase local temperatures ▶     Greg A. Barron-Gafford, Rebecca L. Minor, Nathan A. Allen et al.     While photovoltaic (PV) renewable energy production has surged, concerns remain about whether or not PV power plants induce a “heat island” (PVHI) effect, much like the increase …             Compact hematite buffer layer as a promoter of nanorod photoanode performances ▶     R. Milan, S. Cattarin, N. Comisso et al.     The effect of a thin α-Fe2O3 compact buffer layer (BL) on the photoelectrochemical performances of a bare α-Fe2O3 nanorods photoanode is investigated. The BL is prepared through …             Pressure induced elastic softening in framework aluminosilicate- albite (NaAlSi3O8) ▶     Mainak Mookherjee, David Mainprice, Ketan Maheshwari et al.     Albite (NaAlSi3O8) is an aluminosilicate mineral. Its crystal structure consists of 3-D framework of Al and Si tetrahedral units. We have used Density Functional Theory to …             Graphlet-based Characterization of Directed Networks ▶     Anida Sarajlić, Noël Malod-Dognin, Ömer Nebil Yaveroğlu et al.     We are flooded with large-scale, dynamic, directed, networked data. Analyses requiring exact comparisons between networks are computationally intractable, so new methodologies …             Influence of molecular designs on polaronic and vibrational transitions in a conjugated push-pull copolymer ▶     Christoph Cobet, Jacek Gasiorowski, Reghu Menon et al.     Electron-phonon interactions of free charge-carriers in doped pi-conjugated polymers are conceptually described by 1-dimensional (1D) delocalization. Thereby, polaronic …             Flexoelectric effect in an in-plane switching (IPS) liquid crystal cell for low-power consumption display devices ▶     Min Su Kim, Philip J. Bos, Dong-Woo Kim et al.     Technology of displaying static images in portable displays, advertising panels and price tags pursues significant reduction in power consumption and in product cost. Driving at …             A novel bio-mimicking, planar nano-edge microelectrode enables enhanced long-term neural recording ▶     Pierre Wijdenes, Hasan Ali, Ryden Armstrong et al.     Our inability to accurately monitor individual neurons and their synaptic activity precludes fundamental understanding of brain function under normal and various pathological …             Large spin-orbit coupling and helical spin textures in 2D heterostructure [Pb2BiS3][AuTe2] ▶     L. Fang, J. Im, W. DeGottardi et al.     Two-dimensional heterostructures with strong spin-orbit coupling have direct relevance to topological quantum materials and potential applications in spin-orbitronics. In this …             Single Crystal Diamond Needle as Point Electron Source ▶     Victor I. Kleshch, Stephen T. Purcell, Alexander N. Obraztsov     Diamond has been considered to be one of the most attractive materials for cold-cathode applications during past two decades. However, its real application is hampered by the …             Unconventional exo selectivity in thermal normal-electron-demand Diels–Alder reactions ▶     Guo-Ming Ho, Ci-Jhang Huang, Elise Yu-Tzu Li et al.     The Diels–Alder reaction is a useful tool for generating functionalized chiral molecules through the concerted cycloaddition of dienes and dienophiles leading to six-membered …             Multistate Redox Switching and Near-Infrared Electrochromism Based on a Star-Shaped Triruthenium Complex with a Triarylamine Core ▶     Jian-Hong Tang, Yan-Qin He, Jiang-Yang Shao et al.     A star-shaped cyclometalated triruthenium complex 2(PF6)n (n = 3 and 4) with a triarylamine core was synthesized, which functions as a molecular switch with five well-separated …             Gradient Mn-La-Pt Catalysts with Three-layered Structure for Li-O2 battery ▶     Kedi Cai, Rui Yang, Xiaoshi Lang et al.     Gradient Mn-La-Pt catalysts with three-layered structure of manganese dioxide (MnO2), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), and Platinum (Pt) for Li-O2 battery are prepared in this study. The …             Enhancement in Rate of Photocatalysis Upon Catalyst Recycling ▶     Kalpesh Sorathiya, Biswajit Mishra, Abhishek Kalarikkal et al.     Recyclability is an important aspect for heterogeneous photo-catalysts. Ease of recovery and stability of the photo-catalyst in terms of efficiency over the number of cycles are …             Time-resolved HAXPES using a microfocused XFEL beam: From vacuum space-charge effects to intrinsic charge-carrier recombination dynamics ▶     Lars-Philip Oloff, Ashish Chainani, Masaharu Matsunami et al.     Time-resolved hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (trHAXPES) using microfocused X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL, hν = 8 keV) pulses as a probe and infrared laser pulses …             Measuring milk fat content by random laser emission ▶     Luis M. G. Abegão, Alessandra A. C. Pagani, Sérgio C. Zílio et al.     The luminescence spectra of milk containing rhodamine 6G are shown to exhibit typical signatures of random lasing when excited with 532 nm laser pulses. Experiments carried out …             Detecting the Curvature of de Sitter Universe with Two Entangled Atoms ▶     Zehua Tian, Jieci Wang, Jiliang Jing et al.     Casimir-Polder interaction arises from the vacuum fluctuations of quantum field that depend on spacetime curvature and thus is spacetime-dependent. Here we show how to use the …             Direct observation of electrically induced Pauli paramagnetism in single-layer graphene using ESR spectroscopy ▶     Naohiro Fujita, Daisuke Matsumoto, Yuki Sakurai et al.     Graphene has been actively investigated as an electronic material owing to many excellent physical properties, such as high charge mobility and quantum Hall effect, due to the …             Effects of size and surface on the auxetic behaviour of monolayer graphene kirigami ▶     Kun Cai, Jing Luo, Yiru Ling et al.     Graphene is an active element used in the design of nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) owing to its excellent in-plane physical properties on mechanical, electric and thermal …             Toxicity of ZnO and TiO2 to Escherichia coli cells ▶     Yu Hang Leung, Xiaoying Xu, Angel P. Y. Ma et al.     We performed a comprehensive investigation of the toxicity of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles using Escherichia coli as a model organism. Both materials are wide band gap n-type …             On the thermodynamic path enabling a room-temperature, laser-assisted graphite to nanodiamond transformation ▶     F. Gorrini, M. Cazzanelli, N. Bazzanella et al.     Nanodiamonds are the subject of active research for their potential applications in nano-magnetometry, quantum optics, bioimaging and water cleaning processes. Here, we present a …             Airy beam self-focusing in a photorefractive medium ▶     Noémi Wiersma, Nicolas Marsal, Marc Sciamanna et al.     The unique bending and shape-preserving properties of optical Airy beams offer a large range of applications in for example beam routing, optical waveguiding, particle …             Riboflavin photoactivation by upconversion nanoparticles for cancer treatment ▶     E. V. Khaydukov, K. E. Mironova, V. A. Semchishen et al.     Riboflavin (Rf) is a vitamin and endogenous photosensitizer capable to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under UV-blue irradiation and kill cancer cells, which are …             Ocean rogue waves and their phase space dynamics in the limit of a linear interference model ▶     Simon Birkholz, Carsten Brée, Ivan Veselić et al.     We reanalyse the probability for formation of extreme waves using the simple model of linear interference of a finite number of elementary waves with fixed amplitude and random …             Head mounted DMD based projection system for natural and prosthetic visual stimulation in freely moving rats ▶     Tamar Arens-Arad, Nairouz Farah, Shai Ben-Yaish et al.     Novel technologies are constantly under development for vision restoration in blind patients. Many of these emerging technologies are based on the projection of high intensity …             A Rough Energy Landscape to Describe Surface-Linked Antibody and Antigen Bond Formation ▶     Laurent Limozin, Pierre Bongrand, Philippe Robert     Antibodies and B cell receptors often bind their antigen at cell-cell interface while both molecular species are surface-bound, which impacts bond kinetics and function. Despite …             Good Biocompatibility and Sintering Properties of Zirconia Nanoparticles Synthesized via Vapor-phase Hydrolysis ▶     Jigang Wang, Wenyan Yin, Xiao He et al.     ZrO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a vapor-phase hydrolysis process, and characterized in terms of crystalline structures, hardness and microstructures by X-ray diffraction, …             High pressure die casting of Fe-based metallic glass ▶     Parthiban Ramasamy, Attila Szabo, Stefan Borzel et al.     Soft ferromagnetic Fe-based bulk metallic glass key-shaped specimens with a maximum and minimum width of 25.4 and 5 mm, respectively, were successfully produced using a high …             Rate dependence of cell-to-cell variations of lithium-ion cells ▶     Fuqiang An, Lufan Chen, Jun Huang et al.     Lithium-ion cells are commonly used in a multicell configuration in power devices and electric vehicles, making the cell-to-cell variation (CtCV) a key factor to consider in …             Light-triggered Supramolecular Isomerism in a Self-catenated Zn(II)-organic Framework: Dynamic Photo-switching CO2 Uptake and Detection of Nitroaromatics ▶     Wei-Chao Song, Xun-Zhe Cui, Zhong-Yi Liu et al.     A self-catenated Zn(II)-organic framework formulated as [Zn2(3,3′-bpeab)(oba)2]·DMF (1) exhibiting a six-connected 44·610·8 topology has been successfully synthesized through the …             The relationship between the dislocations and microstructure in In0.82Ga0.18As/InP heterostructures ▶     Liang Zhao, Zuoxing Guo, Qiulin Wei et al.     In this work, we propose a formation mechanism to explain the relationship between the surface morphology (and microstructure) and dislocations in the In0.82Ga0.18As/InP …             Cu3P/RGO Nanocomposite as a New Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries ▶     Shuling Liu, Xiaodong He, Jianping Zhu et al.     Cu3P/reduced graphene oxide (Cu3P/RGO) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by a facile one-pot method as an advanced anode material for high-performance lithium-ion …             Plasmonic Nanoparticle-based Hybrid Photosensitizers with Broadened Excitation Profile for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer Cells ▶     Peng Wang, Hong Tang, Peng Zhang     Photodynamic therapy combining nanotechnology has shown great potential with improved therapeutic efficacy and fewer side effects. Ideal photosensitizers for cancer treatment …             Microstructural characterization of random packings of cubic particles ▶     Hessam Malmir, Muhammad Sahimi, M. Reza Rahimi Tabar     Understanding the properties of random packings of solid objects is of critical importance to a wide variety of fundamental scientific and practical problems. The great majority …             Highly stable, extremely high-temperature, nonvolatile memory based on resistance switching in polycrystalline Pt nanogaps ▶     Hiroshi Suga, Hiroya Suzuki, Yuma Shinomura et al.     Highly stable, nonvolatile, high-temperature memory based on resistance switching was realized using a polycrystalline platinum (Pt) nanogap. The operating temperature of the …             Powerful linearly-polarized high-order random fiber laser pumped by broadband amplified spontaneous emission source ▶     Jiangming Xu, Pu Zhou, Jinyong Leng et al.     A great deal of attention has been drawn to Random fiber lasers (RFLs) for their typical features of modeless, cavity-less and low coherence length. However, most previously …             Magnetocaloric Properties of Fe-Ni-Cr Nanoparticles for Active Cooling ▶     V. Chaudhary, R.V. Ramanujan     Low cost, earth abundant, rare earth free magnetocaloric nanoparticles have attracted an enormous amount of attention for green, energy efficient, active near room temperature …             Stretchable Triboelectric Fiber for Self-powered Kinematic Sensing Textile ▶     Hyeon Jun Sim, Changsoon Choi, Shi Hyeong Kim et al.     Stretchable fiber and yarn triboelectric nanogenerator are sought for such applications as wearable sensing system such as cloth communication devices, electronic textiles, and …             A new class of optical sensors: a random laser based device ▶     Emilio Ignesti, Federico Tommasi, Lorenzo Fini et al.     In a random laser the optical feedback is provided by scattering rather than by an optical cavity. Then, since its emission characteristics are very susceptible to the scattering …             Misfit Strain Relaxation of Ferroelectric PbTiO3/LaAlO3 (111) Thin Film System ▶     Y. B. Xu, Y. L. Tang, Y. L. Zhu et al.     Ferroelectric thin films grown on high index substrates show unusual structural and switching dynamics due to their special strain states. Understanding the misfit relaxation …             One-step Maskless Fabrication and Optical Characterization of Silicon Surfaces with Antireflective Properties and a White Color Appearance ▶     Ling Schneider, Nikolaj A. Feidenhans’l, Agnieszka Telecka et al.     We report a simple one-step maskless fabrication of inverted pyramids on silicon wafers by reactive ion etching. The fabricated surface structures exhibit excellent …             Three-dimensional reconstruction of single-cell chromosome structure using recurrence plots ▶     Yoshito Hirata, Arisa Oda, Kunihiro Ohta et al.     Single-cell analysis of the three-dimensional (3D) chromosome structure can reveal cell-to-cell variability in genome activities. Here, we propose to apply recurrence plots, a …             Ring-shaped Racetrack memory based on spin orbit torque driven chiral domain wall motions ▶     Yue Zhang, Xueying Zhang, Jingtong Hu et al.     Racetrack memory (RM) has sparked enormous interest thanks to its outstanding potential for low-power, high-density and high-speed data storage. However, since it requires …             Graph distance for complex networks ▶     Yutaka Shimada, Yoshito Hirata, Tohru Ikeguchi et al.     Networks are widely used as a tool for describing diverse real complex systems and have been successfully applied to many fields. The distance between networks is one of the most …             Transparency and tunable slow and fast light in a nonlinear optomechanical cavity ▶     Ling Li, Wenjie Nie, Aixi Chen     We investigate theoretically the optical response of the output field and the tunable slow and fast light in a nonlinear optomechanical cavity with a degenerate optical …             Improved PEDOT:PSS/c-Si hybrid solar cell using inverted structure and effective passivation ▶     Xisheng Zhang, Dong Yang, Zhou Yang et al.     The PEDOT:PSS is often used as the window layer in the normal structured PEDOT:PSS/c-Si hybrid solar cell (HSC), leading to significantly reduced response, especially in red and …             Effect of adding nanometre-sized heterogeneities on the structural dynamics and the excess wing of a molecular glass former ▶     S. Gupta, J. K. H. Fischer, P. Lunkenheimer et al.     We present the relaxation dynamics of glass-forming glycerol mixed with 1.1 nm sized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecules using dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and …             Electric Field-aided Selective Activation for Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide Thin Film Transistors ▶     Heesoo Lee, Ki Soo Chang, Young Jun Tak et al.     A new technique is proposed for the activation of low temperature amorphous InGaZnO thin film transistor (a-IGZO TFT) backplanes through application of a bias voltage and …             Hydrophilic Graphene Preparation from Gallic Acid Modified Graphene Oxide in Magnesium Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis Process ▶     Lei Cao, Zhenhuan Li, Kunmei Su et al.     Hydrophilic graphene sheets were synthesized from a mixture of magnesium and gallic acid (GA) modified graphene oxide (GO) in a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) …             Optimal control of complex atomic quantum systems ▶     S. van Frank, M. Bonneau, J. Schmiedmayer et al.     Quantum technologies will ultimately require manipulating many-body quantum systems with high precision. Cold atom experiments represent a stepping stone in that direction: a …             RAMAN spectroscopy imaging improves the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma ▶     Julietta V. Rau, Valerio Graziani, Marco Fosca et al.     Recent investigations strongly suggest that Raman spectroscopy (RS) can be used as a clinical tool in cancer diagnosis to improve diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we evaluated …             A network approach to discerning the identities of C. elegans in a free moving population ▶     Peter B. Winter, Renee M. Brielmann, Nicholas P. Timkovich et al.     The study of C. elegans has led to ground-breaking discoveries in gene-function, neuronal circuits, and physiological responses. Subtle behavioral phenotypes, however, are often …             Quantitative analysis of hydrogen sites and occupancy in deep mantle hydrous wadsleyite using single crystal neutron diffraction ▶     Narangoo Purevjav, Takuo Okuchi, Naotaka Tomioka et al.     Evidence from seismological and mineralogical studies increasingly indicates that water from the oceans has been transported to the deep earth to form water-bearing dense mantle …             Global metabolomics reveals potential urinary biomarkers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma for diagnosis and staging ▶     Jing Xu, Yanhua Chen, Ruiping Zhang et al.     We performed a metabolomics study using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) combined with multivariate data analysis (MVDA) to discriminate global urine profiles in …             Stability of retained austenite in high carbon steel under compressive stress: an investigation from macro to nano scale ▶     R. Hossain, F. Pahlevani, M. Z. Quadir et al.     Although high carbon martensitic steels are well known for their industrial utility in high abrasion and extreme operating environments, due to their hardness and strength, the …             Bioprinting of 3D Convoluted Renal Proximal Tubules on Perfusable Chips ▶     Kimberly A. Homan, David B. Kolesky, Mark A. Skylar-Scott et al.     Three-dimensional models of kidney tissue that recapitulate human responses are needed for drug screening, disease modeling, and, ultimately, kidney organ engineering. Here, we …                 • Careers & Jobs           naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Postdoctoral Associate     Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute            Four year PhD Prize Studentships     University of Oxford            Senior Research Associate     University of Bristol            Research Fellow / PhD Position     TU Dresden            Post-doctoral position     Henry Ford Health System            Research Scientist     The Pirbright Institute            Postdoctoral Research Associate     Brown University            Principal Investigator     Steno Diabetes Center A/S            Postdoctoral Fellowships     Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute            Director of the Roslin Institute     University of Edinburgh          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. Keep up-to-date with the latest sector trends, vote in our reader poll and sign-up to receive the monthly Naturejobs newsletter.                   Your email address is in the Scientific Reports: Physics mailing list. You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/nams/svc/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant). For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department Nature Publishing Group | One New York Plaza, Suite 4500 | New York | NY 10004-1562 | USA Nature Publishing Group's offices: Principal offices: London - New York - Tokyo Worldwide offices: Basingstoke - Boston - Buenos Aires - Delhi - Hong Kong - Madrid - Melbourne - Munich - Paris - San Francisco - Seoul - Washington DC Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW. © 2016 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.