Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: 25 October 2016

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25 October 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               Biological Sciences               Opting out against defection leads to stable coexistence with cooperation ▶     Bo-Yu Zhang, Song-Jia Fan, Cong Li et al.     Cooperation coexisting with defection is a common phenomenon in nature and human society. Previous studies for promoting cooperation based on kin selection, direct and indirect …             Insertion of a knockout-first cassette in Ampd1 gene leads to neonatal death by disruption of neighboring genes expression ▶     Yongcheng Pan, Lusi Zhang, Qiong Liu et al.     AMPD1 is an adenosine monophosphate deaminase that catalyzes the deamination of AMP to IMP. To understand the physiological function of AMPD1, we obtained a strain of Ampd1 …             Repetitive Electroacupuncture Attenuates Cold-Induced Hypertension through Enkephalin in the Rostral Ventral Lateral Medulla ▶     Min Li, Stephanie C. Tjen-A-Looi, Zhi-Ling Guo et al.     Acupuncture lowers blood pressure (BP) in hypertension, but mechanisms underlying its action are unclear. To simulate clinical studies, we performed electroacupuncture (EA) in …             Evolutionary plasticity of restorer-of-fertility-like proteins in rice ▶     Joanna Melonek, James D. Stone, Ian Small     Hybrid seed production in rice relies on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) induced by specific mitochondrial proteins, whose deleterious effects are suppressed by nuclear Restorer …             Male food defence as a by-product of intersexual cooperation in a non-human primate ▶     T. Jean M. Arseneau-Robar, Eliane Müller, Anouk L. Taucher et al.     Males in a number of group-living species fight in intergroup conflicts to defend access to food resources, a seemingly paradoxical behaviour, given that this resource does not …             Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-Containing Protein 2 (Phd2) Regulates Chondrocyte Differentiation and Secondary Ossification in Mice ▶     Shaohong Cheng, Patrick Aghajanian, Sheila Pourteymoor et al.     Endochondral ossification plays an important role in the formation of the primary ossification centers (POCs) and secondary ossification centers (SOCs) of mammalian long bones. …             Tumour growth environment modulates Chk1 signalling pathways and Chk1 inhibitor sensitivity ▶     Andrew J. Massey     Clinical development of Chk1 inhibitors is currently focussed on evaluating activity as monotherapy and as potentiators of chemotherapy. To aid translation of pre-clinical …             Knowledge-guided fuzzy logic modeling to infer cellular signaling networks from proteomic data ▶     Hui Liu, Fan Zhang, Shital Kumar Mishra et al.     Modeling of signaling pathways is crucial for understanding and predicting cellular responses to drug treatments. However, canonical signaling pathways curated from literature …             Estimating individual optimal sleep duration and potential sleep debt ▶     Shingo Kitamura, Yasuko Katayose, Kyoko Nakazaki et al.     In this study, we hypothesized that dynamics of sleep time obtained over consecutive days of extended sleep in a laboratory reflect an individual’s optimal sleep duration (OSD) …             αβ T cell receptor germline CDR regions moderate contact with MHC ligands and regulate peptide cross-reactivity ▶     Meriem Attaf, Stephan J. Holland, Istvan Bartok et al.     αβ T cells respond to peptide epitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The role of T cell receptor (TCR) germline complementarity determining …             Microchip-based ultrafast serodiagnostic assay for tuberculosis ▶     Vigneshwaran Mani, Bhairav Paleja, Karima Larbi et al.     Access to point-of-care (POC), rapid, inexpensive, sensitive, and instrument-free tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) remains a major challenge. Here, we report a simple …             HandKAchip - Hands-free killing assay on a chip ▶     Kyung Suk Lee, Lucy E. Lee, Erel Levine     Small animals such as the roundworm C. elegans are excellent models for studying bacterial infection and host response, as well as for genetic and chemical screens. A key …             ‘Artilysation’ of endolysin λSa2lys strongly improves its enzymatic and antibacterial activity against streptococci ▶     Lorena Rodríguez-Rubio, Wai-Ling Chang, Diana Gutiérrez et al.     Endolysins constitute a promising class of antibacterials against Gram-positive bacteria. Recently, endolysins have been engineered with selected peptides to obtain a new …             Bacterial mimetics of endocrine secretory granules as immobilized in vivo depots for functional protein drugs ▶     María Virtudes Céspedes, Yolanda Fernández, Ugutz Unzueta et al.     In the human endocrine system many protein hormones including urotensin, glucagon, obestatin, bombesin and secretin, among others, are supplied from amyloidal secretory granules. …             High endemism at cave entrances: a case study of spiders of the genus Uthina ▶     Zhiyuan Yao, Tingting Dong, Guo Zheng et al.     Endemism, which is typically high on islands and in caves, has rarely been studied in the cave entrance ecotone. We investigated the endemism of the spider genus Uthina at cave …             Thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist SQ29548 reduces ischemic stroke-induced microglia/macrophages activation and enrichment, and ameliorates brain injury ▶     Aijuan Yan, Tingting Zhang, Xiao Yang et al.     Thromboxane A2 receptor (TXA2R) activation is thought to be involved in thrombosis/hemostasis and inflammation responses. We have previously shown that TXA2R antagonist SQ29548 …             Neurobiochemical changes in the vicinity of a nanostructured neural implant ▶     Zsófia Bérces, Kinga Tóth, Gergely Márton et al.     Neural interface technologies including recording and stimulation electrodes are currently in the early phase of clinical trials aiming to help patients with spinal cord …             Extracellular vesicles from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis induced M1 polarization in vitro ▶     Thiago Aparecido da Silva, Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira, Arturo Casadevall et al.     Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria contain proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and other molecules. The cargo analysis of EVs shows that …             Auxotrophy-based High Throughput Screening assay for the identification of Bacillus subtilis stringent response inhibitors ▶     Liis Andresen, Vallo Varik, Yuzuru Tozawa et al.     The stringent response is a central adaptation mechanism that allows bacteria to adjust their growth and metabolism according to environmental conditions. The functionality of …             Different responses of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial communities to consecutive Piper nigrum L. monoculture ▶     Zhigang Li, Chao Zu, Can Wang et al.     Soil microorganisms have important influences on plant growth and health. In this study, four black pepper fields consecutively monocultured for 12, 18, 28 and 38 years were …             Coordinated regulation of endocannabinoid-mediated retrograde synaptic suppression in the cerebellum by neuronal and astrocytic monoacylglycerol lipase ▶     Xiaojie Liu, Yao Chen, Casey R. Vickstrom et al.     The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) mediates retrograde synaptic depression including depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE) and inhibition (DSI). …             Pharmacokinetic comparison between quercetin and quercetin 3-O-β-glucuronide in rats by UHPLC-MS/MS ▶     Le-Le Yang, Na Xiao, Xiao-Wei Li et al.     Quercetin is a natural flavonoid widely distributed in human diet and functional foods. Quercetin 3-O-β-glucuronide (Q3G) is present in wine and some medicinal plants. Quercetin …             Multifunctional SPIO/DOX-loaded A54 Homing Peptide Functionalized Dextran-g-PLGA Micelles for Tumor Therapy and MR Imaging ▶     Jun-Qing Situ, Xiao-Juan Wang, Xiu-Liang Zhu et al.     Specific delivery of chemotherapy drugs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent into tumor cells is one of the issues to highly efficient tumor targeting therapy and …             Thermal referral: evidence for a thermoceptive uniformity illusion without touch ▶     Antonio Cataldo, Elisa Raffaella Ferrè, Giuseppe di Pellegrino et al.     When warm thermal stimulators are placed on the ring and index fingers of one hand, and a neutral-temperature stimulator on the middle finger, all three fingers feel warm. This …             γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase is an endogenous activator of Toll-like receptor 4-mediated osteoclastogenesis ▶     Sawako Moriwaki, Takeshi Into, Keiko Suzuki et al.     Chronic inflammation-associated bone destruction, which is observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis, is mediated by excessive osteoclastogenesis. We showed …             Fucoidan inhibits CCL22 production through NF-κB pathway in M2 macrophages: a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer ▶     Jia Sun, Jintang Sun, Bingfeng Song et al.     In tumor microenvironment, macrophages as a polarized M2 population promote tumor progression via releasing multiple cytokines and chemokines. A brown seaweed fucose-rich …             Basal Tumor Cell Isolation and Patient-Derived Xenograft Engraftment Identify High-Risk Clinical Bladder Cancers ▶     K. B. Skowron, S. P. Pitroda, J. P. Namm et al.     Strategies to identify tumors at highest risk for treatment failure are currently under investigation for patients with bladder cancer. We demonstrate that flow cytometric …             Retro-dimension-cue benefit in visual working memory ▶     Chaoxiong Ye, Zhonghua Hu, Tapani Ristaniemi et al.     In visual working memory (VWM) tasks, participants’ performance can be improved by a retro-object-cue. However, previous studies have not investigated whether participants’ …             Two identified looming detectors in the locust: ubiquitous lateral connections among their inputs contribute to selective responses to looming objects ▶     F. Claire Rind, Stefan Wernitznig, Peter Pölt et al.     In locusts, two lobula giant movement detector neurons (LGMDs) act as looming object detectors. Their reproducible responses to looming and their ethological significance makes …             Substitution rate and natural selection in parvovirus B19 ▶     Gorana G. Stamenković, Valentina S. Ćirković, Marina M. Šiljić et al.     The aim of this study was to estimate substitution rate and imprints of natural selection on parvovirus B19 genotype 1. Studied datasets included 137 near complete coding B19 …             Phase Transition of the Bacterium upon Invasion of a Host Cell as a Mechanism of Adaptation: a Mycoplasma gallisepticum Model ▶     Daria Matyushkina, Olga Pobeguts, Ivan Butenko et al.     What strategies do bacteria employ for adaptation to their hosts and are these strategies different for varied hosts? To date, many studies on the interaction of the bacterium …             The Dipole Potential Modifies the Clustering and Ligand Binding Affinity of ErbB Proteins and Their Signaling Efficiency ▶     Tamás Kovács, Gyula Batta, Tímea Hajdu et al.     Although activation of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (ErbB1-4) is driven by oligomerization mediated by intermolecular interactions between the extracellular, the …             Synthetic oligonucleotide antigens modified with locked nucleic acids detect disease specific antibodies ▶     Simone V. Samuelsen, Ilia A. Solov’yov, Imelda M. Balboni et al.     New techniques to detect and quantify antibodies to nucleic acids would provide a significant advance over current methods, which often lack specificity. We investigate the …             Loss of variation of state detected in soybean metabolic and human myelomonocytic leukaemia cell transcriptional networks under external stimuli ▶     Katsumi Sakata, Toshiyuki Saito, Hajime Ohyanagi et al.     Soybean (Glycine max) is sensitive to flooding stress, and flood damage at the seedling stage is a barrier to growth. We constructed two mathematical models of the soybean …             Transstadial Transmission and Long-term Association of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks Shapes Genome Plasticity ▶     Han Xia, Andrew S. Beck, Aysen Gargili et al.     The trade-off hypothesis, the current paradigm of arbovirus evolution, proposes that cycling between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts presents significant constraints on genetic …             Early nucleation events in the polymerization of actin, probed by time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering ▶     Toshiro Oda, Tomoki Aihara, Katsuzo Wakabayashi     Nucleators generating new F-actin filaments play important roles in cell activities. Detailed information concerning the events involved in nucleation of actin alone in vitro is …             Nucleotide diversity analysis highlights functionally important genomic regions ▶     Tatiana V. Tatarinova, Evgeny Chekalin, Yuri Nikolsky et al.     We analyzed functionality and relative distribution of genetic variants across the complete Oryza sativa genome, using the 40 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) …             Cell resistance to the Cytolethal Distending Toxin involves an association of DNA repair mechanisms ▶     Elisabeth Bezine, Yann Malaisé, Aurore Loeuillet et al.     The Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT), produced by many bacteria, has been associated with various diseases including cancer. CDT induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), leading …             Protein Kinase D1 regulates focal adhesion dynamics and cell adhesion through Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type-l γ ▶     Nisha Durand, Ligia I. Bastea, Jason Long et al.     Focal adhesions (FAs) are highly dynamic structures that are assembled and disassembled on a continuous basis. The balance between the two processes mediates various aspects of …             Foundations of cumulative culture in apes: improved foraging efficiency through relinquishing and combining witnessed behaviours in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) ▶     Sarah J. Davis, Gillian L. Vale, Steven J. Schapiro et al.     A vital prerequisite for cumulative culture, a phenomenon often asserted to be unique to humans, is the ability to modify behaviour and flexibly switch to more productive or …             Immune Responses to an Oral Cholera Vaccine in Internally Displaced Persons in South Sudan ▶     Anita S. Iyer, Malika Bouhenia, John Rumunu et al.     Despite recent large-scale cholera outbreaks, little is known about the immunogenicity of oral cholera vaccines (OCV) in African populations, particularly among those at highest …             Pre-amyloid oligomers budding:a metastatic mechanism of proteotoxicity ▶     Fabrizio Bernini, Daniele Malferrari, Marcello Pignataro et al.     The pathological hallmark of misfolded protein diseases and aging is the accumulation of proteotoxic aggregates. However, the mechanisms of proteotoxicity and the dynamic changes …             Implication of vaccination against dengue for Zika outbreak ▶     Biao Tang, Yanni Xiao, Jianhong Wu     Zika virus co-circulates with dengue in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Cases of co-infection by dengue and Zika have been reported, the implication of this co-infection for …             Conditions Optimizing and Application of Laccase-mediator System (LMS) for the Laccase-catalyzed Pesticide Degradation ▶     Xiaoting Jin, Xiangyang Yu, Guangyan Zhu et al.     A high capacity of laccase from Trametes versicolor capable of degrading pesticides has been revealed. The conditions for degrading of five selected pesticides including …             Synergistic effect of sunlight induced photothermal conversion and H2O2 release based on hybridized tungsten oxide gel for cancer inhibition ▶     Cong Wang, Yibo Gao, Xinghua Gao et al.     A highly efficient photochromic hydrogel was successfully fabricated via casting precursor, which is based on amorphous tungsten oxide and poly (ethylene oxide)-block-poly …             Disentangling the drivers of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversities in disturbed and undisturbed subtropical forests ▶     Jinliang Liu, Hong Qian, Yi Jin et al.     Understanding the relative importance of dispersal limitation and environmental filtering processes in structuring the beta diversities of subtropical forests in human disturbed …             Functionalized magnetic nanowires for chemical and magneto-mechanical induction of cancer cell death ▶     Aldo Isaac Martínez-Banderas, Antonio Aires, Francisco J. Teran et al.     Exploiting and combining different properties of nanomaterials is considered a potential route for next generation cancer therapies. Magnetic nanowires (NWs) have shown good …             The bacterial toxin CNF1 as a tool to induce retinal degeneration reminiscent of retinitis pigmentosa ▶     Viviana Guadagni, Chiara Cerri, Ilaria Piano et al.     Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a group of inherited pathologies characterized by progressive photoreceptor degeneration. In rodent models of RP, expression of defective …             Nutrient stoichiometry in winter wheat: Element concentration pattern reflects developmental stage and weather ▶     M. Weih, F. Pourazari, G. Vico     At least 16 nutrient elements are required by plants for growth and survival, but the factors affecting element concentration and their temporal evolution are poorly understood. …             Genetic analysis of innate immunity in Behcet’s disease identifies an association with IL-37 and IL-18RAP ▶     Handan Tan, Bolin Deng, Hongsong Yu et al.     Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) family play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association …             Saharan dust inputs and high UVR levels jointly alter the metabolic balance of marine oligotrophic ecosystems ▶     Marco J. Cabrerizo, Juan Manuel Medina-Sánchez, Juan Manuel González-Olalla et al.     The metabolic balance of the most extensive bioma on the Earth is a controversial topic of the global-change research. High ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels by the shoaling of …             Involvement of P2X7 receptor signaling on regulating the differentiation of Th17 cells and type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice ▶     Zhi-Dan Fan, Ya-Yuan Zhang, Yi-Hong Guo et al.     Interleukin (IL)-17 producing T helper (Th17) cells are major effector cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has emerged as a …             Adipose tissue hyperplasia with enhanced adipocyte-derived stem cell activity in Tc1(C8orf4)-deleted mice ▶     Hayoung Jang, Minsung Kim, Soyoung Lee et al.     Adipose tissue hyperplasia with increased number of adipocytes is implicated in a protective rather than deleterious effect on obesity-associated metabolic disorder. It is poorly …             Supernova: A Versatile Vector System for Single-Cell Labeling and Gene Function Studies in vivo ▶     Wenshu Luo, Hidenobu Mizuno, Ryohei Iwata et al.     Here we describe “Supernova” series of vector systems that enable single-cell labeling and labeled cell-specific gene manipulation, when introduced by in utero electroporation (I…             The human laryngeal microbiome: effects of cigarette smoke and reflux ▶     Marie E. Jetté, Kimberly A. Dill-McFarland, Alissa S. Hanshew et al.     Prolonged diffuse laryngeal inflammation from smoking and/or reflux is commonly diagnosed as chronic laryngitis and treated empirically with expensive drugs that have not proven …             Emodin ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibroblast activation ▶     Ruijuan Guan, Xia Wang, Xiaomei Zhao et al.     Aberrant activation of TGF-β1 is frequently encountered and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast activation in pulmonary fibrosis. The present study …             Environmental hydro-refugia demonstrated by vegetation vigour in the Okavango Delta, Botswana ▶     S. C. Reynolds, C. G. Marston, H. Hassani et al.     Climate shifts at decadal scales can have environmental consequences, and therefore, identifying areas that act as environmental refugia is valuable in understanding future …             Gentamicin removal in submerged fermentation using the novel fungal strain Aspergillus terreus FZC3 ▶     Yuanwang Liu, Huiqing Chang, Zhaojun Li et al.     Social concern and awareness of the potential risk posed by environmental residues of antibiotics such as gentamicin in the development of antibiotic resistance genes have …             REAC technology modifies pathological neuroinflammation and motor behaviour in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model ▶     Lorenzini Luca, Giuliani Alessandro, Sivilia Sandra et al.     The search for new therapeutic approaches to Alzheimer disease (AD) is a major goal in medicine and society, also due to the impressive economic and social costs of this disease. …             A high-throughput microfluidic approach for 1000-fold leukocyte reduction of platelet-rich plasma ▶     Hui Xia, Briony C. Strachan, Sean C. Gifford et al.     Leukocyte reduction of donated blood products substantially reduces the risk of a number of transfusion-related complications. Current ‘leukoreduction’ filters operate by …             Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of renal cortex in a salt-load rat model of advanced kidney damage ▶     Shaoling Jiang, Hanchang He, Lishan Tan et al.     Salt plays an essential role in the progression of chronic kidney disease and hypertension. However, the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of salt-induced kidney damage remain …             Multifunctional Cu2−xTe Nanocubes Mediated Combination Therapy for Multi-Drug Resistant MDA MB 453 ▶     Aby Cheruvathoor Poulose, Srivani Veeranarayanan, M. Sheikh Mohamed et al.     Hypermethylated cancer populations are hard to treat due to their enhanced chemo-resistance, characterized by aberrant methylated DNA subunits. Herein, we report on invoking …             Evaluating the mobility potential of antibiotic resistance genes in environmental resistomes without metagenomics ▶     Katariina Pärnänen, Antti Karkman, Manu Tamminen et al.     Antibiotic resistance genes are ubiquitous in the environment. However, only a fraction of them are mobile and able to spread to pathogenic bacteria. Until now, studying the …             Efficient recellularisation of decellularised whole-liver grafts using biliary tree and foetal hepatocytes ▶     Satoshi Ogiso, Kentaro Yasuchika, Ken Fukumitsu et al.     A whole-organ regeneration approach, using a decellularised xenogeneic liver as a scaffold for the construction of a transplantable liver was recently reported. Deriving suitable …             Structural Analysis of an Evolved Transketolase Reveals Divergent Binding Modes ▶     Pierre E. Affaticati, Shao-Bo Dai, Panwajee Payongsri et al.     The S385Y/D469T/R520Q variant of E. coli transketolase was evolved previously with three successive smart libraries, each guided by different structural, bioinformatical or …             Magnetomitotransfer: An efficient way for direct mitochondria transfer into cultured human cells ▶     Tanja Macheiner, Vera Heike Ingeborg Fengler, Marlene Agreiter et al.     In the course of mitochondrial diseases standard care mostly focuses on treatment of symptoms, while therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring mitochondrial function are …             Multivariate synaptic and behavioral profiling reveals new developmental endophenotypes in the prefrontal cortex ▶     Jillian Iafrati, Arnaud Malvache, Cecilia Gonzalez Campo et al.     The postnatal maturation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) represents a period of increased vulnerability to risk factors and emergence of neuropsychiatric disorders. To …             Oxidative stress dependent microRNA-34a activation via PI3Kα reduces the expression of sirtuin-1 and sirtuin-6 in epithelial cells ▶     J. R. Baker, C. Vuppusetty, T. Colley et al.     Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and SIRT6, NAD+-dependent Class III protein deacetylases, are putative anti-aging enzymes, down-regulated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …             Production and verification of a 2nd generation clonal group of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus ▶     Jilun Hou, Guixing Wang, Xiaoyan Zhang et al.     Clonal fishes are useful tools in biology and aquaculture studies due to their isogenicity. In Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), a group of homozygous clones was …             Continuous Force Decoding from Local Field Potentials of the Primary Motor Cortex in Freely Moving Rats ▶     Abed Khorasani, Nargess Heydari Beni, Vahid Shalchyan et al.     Local field potential (LFP) signals recorded by intracortical microelectrodes implanted in primary motor cortex can be used as a high informative input for decoding of motor …             Novel Natural Product-like Caged Xanthones Bearing a Carbamate Moiety Exhibit Antitumor Potency and Anti-Angiogenesis Activity In vivo ▶     Xiaoli Xu, Yue Wu, Mingyang Hu et al.     DDO-6101, a simplified structure obtained from the Garcinia natural product (NP) gambogic acid (GA), has been previously shown to possess high cytotoxicity to a variety of human …             Impact of migration on the multi-strategy selection in finite group-structured populations ▶     Yanling Zhang, Aizhi Liu, Changyin Sun     For large quantities of spatial models, the multi-strategy selection under weak selection is the sum of two competition terms: the pairwise competition and the competition of …             The significance of linoleic acid in food sources for detritivorous benthic invertebrates ▶     J. Arie Vonk, Bernd F. van Kuijk, Mick van Beusekom et al.     Chemical composition of organic matter (OM) is a key driver for detritus consumption by macroinvertebrates and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content is considered a candidate …             Label-free in vivo analysis of intracellular lipid droplets in the oleaginous microalga Monoraphidium neglectum by coherent Raman scattering microscopy ▶     Daniel Jaeger, Christian Pilger, Henning Hachmeister et al.     Oleaginous photosynthetic microalgae hold great promise as non-food feedstocks for the sustainable production of bio-commodities. The algal lipid quality can be analysed by Raman …             Optical manipulation of the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins using photoswitchable dimerization systems ▶     Gaigai Yu, Hiroyuki Onodera, Yuki Aono et al.     Alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gα) are involved in a variety of cellular functions. Here we report an optogenetic strategy to spatially and temporally manipulate Gα …             Different populations of Wnt-containing vesicles are individually released from polarized epithelial cells ▶     Qiuhong Chen, Ritsuko Takada, Chiyo Noda et al.     Accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes are heterogeneous in molecular composition and physical properties. Here we examined whether epithelial cells secrete a heterogeneous …             Fluorescence Visual Detection of Herbal Product Substitutions at Terminal Herbal Markets by CCP-based FRET technique ▶     Chao Jiang, Yuan Yuan, Guang Yang et al.     Inaccurate labeling of materials used in herbal products may compromise the therapeutic efficacy and may pose a threat to medicinal safety. In this paper, a rapid (within 3 h), …             Integrating Candida albicans metabolism with biofilm heterogeneity by transcriptome mapping ▶     Ranjith Rajendran, Ali May, Leighann Sherry et al.     Candida albicans biofilm formation is an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of disease, a characteristic which has been shown to be heterogeneous in clinical …             Replication of a pathogenic non-coding RNA increases DNA methylation in plants associated with a bromodomain-containing viroid-binding protein ▶     Dian-Qiu Lv, Shang-Wu Liu, Jian-Hua Zhao et al.     Viroids are plant-pathogenic molecules made up of single-stranded circular non-coding RNAs. How replicating viroids interfere with host silencing remains largely unknown. In this …             The serologically defined colon cancer antigen-3 (SDCCAG3) is involved in the regulation of ciliogenesis ▶     Fangyan Yu, Shruti Sharma, Agnieszka Skowronek et al.     A primary cilium is present on most eukaryotic cells and represents a specialized organelle dedicated to signal transduction and mechanosensing. Defects in cilia function are the …             The first complete mitochondrial genome for the subfamily Limacodidae and implications for the higher phylogeny of Lepidoptera ▶     Qiu-Ning Liu, Zhao-Zhe Xin, Dan-Dan Bian et al.     The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) provides important information for understanding molecular evolution and phylogeny. To determine the systematic status of the family …             miR-200 family controls late steps of postnatal forebrain neurogenesis via Zeb2 inhibition ▶     Christophe Beclin, Philipp Follert, Elke Stappers et al.     During neurogenesis, generation, migration and integration of the correct numbers of each neuron sub-type depends on complex molecular interactions in space and time. MicroRNAs …             Genetic polymorphisms in glycolytic pathway are associated with the prognosis of patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer ▶     Shin Yup Lee, Cheng Cheng Jin, Jin Eun Choi et al.     This study was conducted to investigate whether polymorphisms of genes involved in glycolysis are associated with the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer …             Kinesin-5 Contributes to Spindle-length Scaling in the Evolution of Cancer toward Metastasis ▶     Ching-Feng Yang, Wan-Yu Tsai, Wei-An Chen et al.     During natural evolution, the spindles often scale with cell sizes to orchestrate accurate chromosome segregation. Whether in cancer evolution, when the constraints on genome …             Extraversion and neuroticism related to the resting-state effective connectivity of amygdala ▶     Yajing Pang, Qian Cui, Yifeng Wang et al.     The amygdala plays a key role in emotion processing. Its functional connectivity with other brain regions has been extensively demonstrated to be associated with extraversion and …             Oxytocin modulates GABAAR subunits to confer neuroprotection in stroke in vitro ▶     Yuji Kaneko, Colleen Pappas, Naoki Tajiri et al.     Oxytocin protects against ischemia-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and is associated with GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid, an inhibitory neurotransmitter) signaling …             Tumor-targeted delivery of a C-terminally truncated FADD (N-FADD) significantly suppresses the B16F10 melanoma via enhancing apoptosis ▶     Yun-Wen Yang, Chun-Mei Zhang, Xian-Jie Huang et al.     Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), a pivotal adaptor protein transmitting apoptotic signals, is indispensable for the induction of extrinsic apoptosis. However, …             Baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis blocks respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and reduces inflammatory cell infiltration and lung injury in mice ▶     Hengfei Shi, Ke Ren, Baojie Lv et al.     The roots of Scutellaria baicalensis has been used as a remedy for inflammatory and infective diseases for thousands of years. We evaluated the antiviral activity against …             Direct and indirect mechanisms of KLK4 inhibition revealed by structure and dynamics ▶     Blake T. Riley, Olga Ilyichova, Mauricio G. S. Costa et al.     The kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) family of proteases is involved in many aspects of human health and disease. One member of this family, KLK4, has been implicated in cancer …             The 2014 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa highlights no evidence of rapid evolution or adaptation to humans ▶     Xingguang Li, Junjie Zai, Haizhou Liu et al.     Following its immergence in December 2013, the recent Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa has spread and persisted for more than two years, making it the largest …             Bactrocera dorsalis male sterilization by targeted RNA interference of spermatogenesis: empowering sterile insect technique programs ▶     Yong-Cheng Dong, Zhi-Jian Wang, Zhen-Zhong Chen et al.     RNA interference (RNAi) is a genetic technique which has novel application for sustainable pest control. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) uses releases of mass-produced, …             Multilocus sequence analysis reveals high genetic diversity in clinical isolates of Burkholderia cepacia complex from India ▶     Vikas Gautam, Prashant P. Patil, Sunil Kumar et al.     Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a complex group of bacteria causing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Herein, we report …             The cytochrome bd-I respiratory oxidase augments survival of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli during infection ▶     Mark Shepherd, Maud E. S. Achard, Adi Idris et al.     Nitric oxide (NO) is a toxic free radical produced by neutrophils and macrophages in response to infection. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) induces a variety of defence …             The temporal frequency tuning of continuous flash suppression reveals peak suppression at very low frequencies ▶     Shui’er Han, Claudia Lunghi, David Alais     Continuous flash suppression (CFS) is a psychophysical technique where a rapidly changing Mondrian pattern viewed by one eye suppresses the target in the other eye for several …             Isolation and plasmid characterization of carbapenemase (IMP-4) producing Salmonella enterica Typhimurium from cats ▶     Sam Abraham, Mark O’Dea, Darren J. Trott et al.     Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a pressing public health issue due to limited therapeutic options to treat such infections. CREs have been predominantly …             miR-181a is a negative regulator of GRIA2 in methamphetamine-use disorder ▶     Kai Zhang, Qingzhong Wang, Xuxiu Jing et al.     A previous study reported that the miR-181a level in serum was significantly different between patients with methamphetamine-use disorder and healthy controls and that chronic …             UPLC-PDA-QTOFMS-guided isolation of prenylated xanthones and benzoylphloroglucinols from the leaves of Garcinia oblongifolia and their migration-inhibitory activity ▶     Hong Zhang, Zheng Dan, Zhi-Jie Ding et al.     A UPLC-PDA-QTOFMS-guided isolation strategy was employed to screen and track potentially new compounds from Garcinia oblongifolia. As a result, two new prenylated xanthones, …             A dual-targeting approach to inhibit Brucella abortus replication in human cells ▶     Daniel M. Czyż, Neeta Jain-Gupta, Howard A. Shuman et al.     Brucella abortus is an intracellular bacterial pathogen and an etiological agent of the zoonotic disease known as brucellosis. Brucellosis can be challenging to treat with …             The first oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) bonebed: evidence of gregarious behaviour in a maniraptoran theropod ▶     Gregory F. Funston, Philip J. Currie, David A. Eberth et al.     A monodominant bonebed of Avimimus from the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia is the first oviraptorosaur bonebed described and the only recorded maniraptoran bonebed from the Late …             Isolation of a euryhaline microalgal strain, Tetraselmis sp. CTP4, as a robust feedstock for biodiesel production ▶     Hugo Pereira, Katkam N. Gangadhar, Peter S. C. Schulze et al.     Bioprospecting for novel microalgal strains is key to improving the feasibility of microalgae-derived biodiesel production. Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 (Chlorophyta, …             Erratum: A suppressor locus for MODY3-diabetes ▶     Miguel A. Garcia-Gonzalez, Claire Carette, Alessia Bagattin et al.                 Reproductive resource partitioning in two sympatric Goniothalamus species (Annonaceae) from Borneo: floral biology, pollinator trapping and plant breeding system ▶     Jenny Y. Y. Lau, Chun-Chiu Pang, Lawrence Ramsden et al.     The floral phenology, pollination ecology and breeding systems of two sympatric early-divergent angiosperms, Goniothalamus tapisoides and G. suaveolens (Annonaceae) are compared. …             SREBP-2/PNPLA8 axis improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through activation of autophagy ▶     Kwang-Youn Kim, Hyun-Jun Jang, Yong Ryul Yang et al.     Dysregulated autophagy is associated with steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however the mechanisms connecting them remain poorly understand. Here, we show …             Hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha promotes the proliferation of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway ▶     Chengxing Zhu, Jiong Yu, Qiaoling Pan et al.     Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) reside in a physiologically low-oxygen microenvironment. Hypoxia influences a variety of stem cell cellular activities, …             Euchromatin histone methyltransferase 1 regulates cortical neuronal network development ▶     Marijn Bart Martens, Monica Frega, Jessica Classen et al.     Heterozygous mutations or deletions in the human Euchromatin histone methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) gene cause Kleefstra syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder that is …             FAIM-L regulation of XIAP degradation modulates Synaptic Long-Term Depression and Axon Degeneration ▶     Ramón Martínez-Mármol, Bruna Barneda-Zahonero, David Soto et al.     Caspases have recently emerged as key regulators of axonal pruning and degeneration and of long-term depression (LTD), a long-lasting form of synaptic plasticity. However, the …             Silencing microRNA-143 protects the integrity of the blood-brain barrier: implications for methamphetamine abuse ▶     Ying Bai, Yuan Zhang, Jun Hua et al.     MicroRNA-143 (miR-143) plays a critical role in various cellular processes; however, the role of miR-143 in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity remains poorly …             Genome engineering in the yeast pathogen Candida glabrata using the CRISPR-Cas9 system ▶     Ludovic Enkler, Delphine Richer, Anthony L. Marchand et al.     Among Candida species, the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida glabrata has become the second most common causative agent of candidiasis in the world and a major public health …             Wireless inertial measurement of head kinematics in freely-moving rats ▶     Matthieu O. Pasquet, Matthieu Tihy, Aurélie Gourgeon et al.     While miniature inertial sensors offer a promising means for precisely detecting, quantifying and classifying animal behaviors, versatile inertial sensing devices adapted for …             Embryonic/fetal mortality and intrauterine growth restriction is not exclusive to the CBA/J sub-strain in the CBA × DBA model ▶     Kelly J. McKelvey, Vanessa M. Yenson, Anthony W. Ashton et al.     Inbred strains of mice are powerful models for understanding human pregnancy complications. For example, the exclusive mating of CBA/J females to DBA/2J males increases fetal …             Differentially expressed circulating LncRNAs and mRNA identified by microarray analysis in obese patients ▶     Jia Sun, Yuting Ruan, Ming Wang et al.     Circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as valuable biomarkers in a number of human diseases. However, lncRNA biomarkers have yet to be identified in obesity. We aim to …             Suppression of iASPP-dependent aggressiveness in cervical cancer through reversal of methylation silencing of microRNA-124 ▶     Peixin Dong, Ying Xiong, Hidemichi Watari et al.     Derepression of wild-type p53 by suppressing its negative inhibitor iASPP (Inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53) represents a potential therapeutic option for …             3D texture analysis for classification of second harmonic generation images of human ovarian cancer ▶     Bruce Wen, Kirby R. Campbell, Karissa Tilbury et al.     Remodeling of the collagen architecture in the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been implicated in ovarian cancer. To quantify these alterations we implemented a form of 3D texture …             Nondestructive Detection and Quantification of Blueberry Bruising using Near-infrared (NIR) Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging ▶     Yu Jiang, Changying Li, Fumiomi Takeda     Currently, blueberry bruising is evaluated by either human visual/tactile inspection or firmness measurement instruments. These methods are destructive, time-consuming, and …             Tissue, developmental, and caste-specific expression of odorant binding proteins in a eusocial insect, the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta ▶     Wei Zhang, Arun Wanchoo, Almudena Ortiz-Urquiza et al.     Insects interact with the surrounding environment via chemoreception, and in social insects such as ants, chemoreception functions to mediate diverse behaviors including food …             Extensive transcriptome analysis correlates the plasticity of Entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis to rapid phenotype changes depending on the environment ▶     Christian Weber, Mikael Koutero, Marie-Agnes Dillies et al.     Amoebiasis is a human infectious disease due to the amoeba parasite Entamoeba histolytica. The disease appears in only 20% of the infections. Diversity in phenotypes may occur …             Angiopoietin-2 attenuates angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice ▶     Hongyou Yu, Corey S. Moran, Alexandra F. Trollope et al.     Angiogenesis and inflammation are implicated in aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis and regulated by angiopoietin-2 (Angpt2). The effect of Angpt2 administration on experimental …             Impact of different antithrombotics on the microcirculation and viability of perforator-based ischaemic skin flaps in a small animal model ▶     Andreas M. Fichter, Lucas M. Ritschl, Luisa K. Robitzky et al.     The effects of antithrombotic drugs on random and free flap survival have been investigated in the past, but the experimental and clinical results are not in agreement. A …             d-PET-controlled “off-on” Polarity-sensitive Probes for Reporting Local Hydrophilicity within Lysosomes ▶     Hao Zhu, Jiangli Fan, Huiying Mu et al.     Polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes are powerful chemical tools for studying biomolecular structures and activities both in vitro and in vivo. However, the lack of “off-on” …             A multimodality imaging model to track viable breast cancer cells from single arrest to metastasis in the mouse brain ▶     Katie M. Parkins, Amanda M. Hamilton, Ashley V. Makela et al.     Cellular MRI involves sensitive visualization of iron-labeled cells in vivo but cannot differentiate between dead and viable cells. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) measures …             Both the anti- and pro-apoptotic functions of villin regulate cell turnover and intestinal homeostasis ▶     Yaohong Wang, Sudeep P. George, Swati Roy et al.     In the small intestine, epithelial cells are derived from stem cells in the crypts, migrate up the villus as they differentiate and are ultimately shed from the villus tips. This …             Monoacylglycerol Lipase: A Novel Potential Therapeutic Target and Prognostic Indicator for Hepatocellular Carcinoma ▶     Junyong Zhang, Zuojin Liu, Zhengrong Lian et al.     Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism that is demonstrated to be involved in tumor progression through both energy supply of fatty acid (FA) …             Dual PI3K/ERK inhibition induces necroptotic cell death of Hodgkin Lymphoma cells through IER3 downregulation ▶     Silvia Laura Locatelli, Giuseppa Careddu, Giuliano Giuseppe Stirparo et al.     PI3K/AKT and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways are constitutively activated in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients, thus representing attractive therapeutic targets. Here we report that the …             Sumoylation-independent activation of Calcineurin-NFAT-signaling via SUMO2 mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy ▶     Alexander Bernt, Ashraf Y. Rangrez, Matthias Eden et al.     The objective of this study was to identify unknown modulators of Calcineurin (Cn)-NFAT signaling. Measurement of NFAT reporter driven luciferase activity was therefore utilized …             Inferring neutral biodiversity parameters using environmental DNA data sets ▶     Guilhem Sommeria-Klein, Lucie Zinger, Pierre Taberlet et al.     The DNA present in the environment is a unique and increasingly exploited source of information for conducting fast and standardized biodiversity assessments for any type of …             Lipid remodelling in the reef-building honeycomb worm, Sabellaria alveolata, reflects acclimation and local adaptation to temperature ▶     Anna P. Muir, Flavia L. D. Nunes, Stanislas F. Dubois et al.     Acclimation and adaptation, which are key to species survival in a changing climate, can be observed in terms of membrane lipid composition. Remodelling membrane lipids, via …             New Australian sauropods shed light on Cretaceous dinosaur palaeobiogeography ▶     Stephen F. Poropat, Philip D. Mannion, Paul Upchurch et al.     Australian dinosaurs have played a rare but controversial role in the debate surrounding the effect of Gondwanan break-up on Cretaceous dinosaur distribution. Major …             Allosteric regulation by cooperative conformational changes of actin filaments drives mutually exclusive binding with cofilin and myosin ▶     Kien Xuan Ngo, Nobuhisa Umeki, Saku T. Kijima et al.     Heavy meromyosin (HMM) of myosin II and cofilin each binds to actin filaments cooperatively and forms clusters along the filaments, but it is unknown whether the two cooperative …             Quantitative analysis of echogenicity for patients with thyroid nodules ▶     Ming-Hsun Wu, Chiung-Nien Chen, Kuen-Yuan Chen et al.     Hypoechogenicity has been described qualitatively and is potentially subject to intra- and inter-observer variability. The aim of this study was to clarify whether quantitative …             Bone Marrow Stem/Progenitor Cells Attenuate the Inflammatory Milieu Following Substitution Urethroplasty ▶     Joceline S. Liu, Matthew I. Bury, Natalie J. Fuller et al.     Substitution urethroplasty for the treatment of male stricture disease is often accompanied by subsequent tissue fibrosis and secondary stricture formation. Patients with …             Microfluidic co-culture system for cancer migratory analysis and anti-metastatic drugs screening ▶     Shengli Mi, Zhichang Du, Yuanyuan Xu et al.     Tumour metastasis is an important reason for cancer death, and cancer cell migration is an important step in the process of tumour metastasis. Studying cancer cell migration is …             Juvenile hormone regulation of female reproduction in the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius ▶     Hemant Gujar, Subba Reddy Palli     To begin studies on reproduction in common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, we identified three genes coding for vitellogenin (Vg, a protein required for the reproductive success of …             Chromatin accessibility contributes to simultaneous mutations of cancer genes ▶     Yi Shi, Xian-Bin Su, Kun-Yan He et al.     Somatic mutations of many cancer genes tend to co-occur (termed co-mutations) in certain patterns during tumor initiation and progression. However, the genetic and epigenetic …             Nuclear receptor nhr-48 is required for pathogenicity of the second stage (J2) of the plant parasite Meloidogyne incognita ▶     Chao-Jun Lu, Bao-Yu Tian, Yi Cao et al.     Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a diverse class of transcription factors, which are involved in regulating a large number of physiological events in metazoans. However, the function …             Machine-learned pattern identification in olfactory subtest results ▶     Jörn Lötsch, Thomas Hummel, Alfred Ultsch     The human sense of smell is often analyzed as being composed of three main components comprising olfactory threshold, odor discrimination and the ability to identify odors. A …             Nutrient supplements boost yeast transformation efficiency ▶     Sheng-Chun Yu, Alexander Dawson, Alyssa C. Henderson et al.     Efficiency of yeast transformation is determined by the rate of yeast endocytosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of introducing amino acids and other …             Development of a membrane-anchored ligand and receptor yeast two-hybrid system for ligand-receptor interaction identification ▶     Jingjing Li, Jin Gao, Lei Han et al.     Identifying interactions between ligands and transmembrane receptors is crucial for understanding the endocrine system. However, the present approaches for this purpose are still …             Dim light at night disturbs the daily sleep-wake cycle in the rat ▶     Dirk Jan Stenvers, Rick van Dorp, Ewout Foppen et al.     Exposure to light at night (LAN) is associated with insomnia in humans. Light provides the main input to the master clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that …             Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 controls TH1 cell effector function and metabolism ▶     Justus Mahnke, Valéa Schumacher, Stefanie Ahrens et al.     The transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4) is essential for TH2 and TH17 cell formation and controls peripheral CD8+ T cell differentiation. We used Listeria …             Aberration-free volumetric high-speed imaging of in vivo retina ▶     Dierck Hillmann, Hendrik Spahr, Carola Hain et al.     Certain topics in research and advancements in medical diagnostics may benefit from improved temporal and spatial resolution during non-invasive optical imaging of living tissue. …             Metabolomic Responses of Arabidopsis Suspension Cells to Bicarbonate under Light and Dark Conditions ▶     Biswapriya B. Misra, Zepeng Yin, Sisi Geng et al.     Global CO2 level presently recorded at 400 ppm is expected to reach 550 ppm in 2050, an increment likely to impact plant growth and productivity. Using targeted LC-MS and GC-MS …             MicroRNA-574-5p promotes metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting PTPRU ▶     Rui Zhou, Xiaoshu Zhou, Zhongyuan Yin et al.     Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated with malignant behavior in a variety of cancers. Our previous study demonstrated that miRNA expression profiles are …             Performance and microbial ecology of a nitritation sequencing batch reactor treating high-strength ammonia wastewater ▶     Wenjing Chen, Xiaohu Dai, Dawen Cao et al.     The partial nitrification (PN) performance and the microbial community variations were evaluated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for 172 days, with the stepwise elevation of …             An inhibitory receptor of VLRB in the agnathan lamprey ▶     Fenfang Wu, Liyong Chen, Yong Ren et al.     Lamprey, the primitive jawless vertebrate, uses variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) as alternative adaptive immune system instead of immunoglobulin (Ig)-based receptors used in …             Cryo-EM structure of the large subunit of the spinach chloroplast ribosome ▶     Tofayel Ahmed, Zhan Yin, Shashi Bhushan     Protein synthesis in the chloroplast is mediated by the chloroplast ribosome (chloro-ribosome). Overall architecture of the chloro-ribosome is considerably similar to the …             Metformin sensitizes the response of oral squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin treatment through inhibition of NF-κB/HIF-1α signal axis ▶     Xiaofeng Qi, Wengguang Xu, Junqi Xie et al.     Resistance towards chemotherapy is a common complication in treatment of oral cancers, which leads to treatment failure and poor outcome. In recent years, a growing body of …             Coverage recommendation for genotyping analysis of highly heterologous species using next-generation sequencing technology ▶     Kai Song, Li Li, Guofan Zhang     Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is being applied to an increasing number of non-model species and has been used as the primary approach for accurate genotyping in …             Exploiting the neoantigen landscape for immunotherapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ▶     Peter Bailey, David K. Chang, Marie-Andrée Forget et al.     Immunotherapy approaches for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have met with limited success. It has been postulated that a low mutation load may lead to a paucity of T …             The copepod Calanus spp. (Calanidae) is repelled by polarized light ▶     Amit Lerner, Howard I. Browman     Both attraction and repulsion from linearly polarized light have been observed in zooplankton. A dichotomous choice experiment, consisting of plankton light traps deployed in …             Imaging hydrogen peroxide in Alzheimer’s disease via cascade signal amplification ▶     Jian Yang, Jing Yang, Steven H. Liang et al.     In brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are significantly higher than that of healthy brains. Evidence suggests that, during AD onset and …             Widespread occurrence of lysine methylation in Plasmodium falciparum proteins at asexual blood stages ▶     Inderjeet Kaur, Mohammad Zeeshan, Ekta Saini et al.     Post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications play a major role in Plasmodium life cycle regulation. Lysine methylation of histone proteins is well documented in …             Integrated mRNA and miRNA transcriptome reveal a cross-talk between developing response and hormone signaling for the seed kernels of Siberian apricot ▶     Jun Niu, Jia Wang, Jiyong An et al.     Recently, our transcriptomic analysis has identified some functional genes responsible for oil biosynthesis in developing SASK, yet miRNA-mediated regulation for SASK development …             Universal stress protein Rv2624c alters abundance of arginine and enhances intracellular survival by ATP binding in mycobacteria ▶     Qiong Jia, Xinling Hu, Dawei Shi et al.     The universal stress protein family is a family of stress-induced proteins. Universal stress proteins affect latency and antibiotic resistance in mycobacteria. Here, we showed …             Eating disinhibition and vagal tone moderate the postprandial response to glycemic load: a randomised controlled trial ▶     Hayley A. Young, Heather Watkins     Reducing the glycemic load (GL) of the diet may benefit appetite control but its utility is complicated by psychological influences on eating. Disinhibited behaviour, a risk …             Identification of a regulation network in response to cadmium toxicity using blood clam Tegillarca granosa as model ▶     Yongbo Bao, Xiao Liu, Weiwei Zhang et al.     Clam, a filter-feeding lamellibranch mollusk, is capable to accumulate high levels of trace metals and has therefore become a model for investigation the mechanism of heavy metal …             Only child syndrome in snakes: Eggs incubated alone produce asocial individuals ▶     Fabien Aubret, Florent Bignon, Philippe J. R. Kok et al.     Egg-clustering and communal nesting behaviours provide advantages to offspring. Advantages range from anti-predatory benefits, maintenance of moisture and temperature levels …             Genomic, physiologic, and proteomic insights into metabolic versatility in Roseobacter clade bacteria isolated from deep-sea water ▶     Kai Tang, Yujie Yang, Dan Lin et al.     Roseobacter clade bacteria are ubiquitous in marine environments and now thought to be significant contributors to carbon and sulfur cycling. However, only a few strains of …             Antigen-affinity controls pre-germinal centser B cell selection by promoting Mcl-1 induction through BAFF receptor signaling ▶     Felix M. Wensveen, Erik Slinger, Martijn HA van Attekum et al.     Upon antigen encounter, the responsive B cell pool undergoes stringent selection which eliminates cells with low B cell receptor (BCR) affinity. Already before formation of the …             Comparative profiling of microRNAs in the winged and wingless English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) ▶     Xiangrui Li, Fangmei Zhang, Brad Coates et al.     MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, particularly during development. In this study, 345 miRNAs were identified from the …             A unique peptide deformylase platform to rationally design and challenge novel active compounds ▶     Sonia Fieulaine, Rodolphe Alves de Sousa, Laure Maigre et al.     Peptide deformylase (PDF) is considered an excellent target to develop antibiotics. We have performed an extensive characterization of a new PDF from the pathogen Streptococcus …             Molecular characterization of host-parasite cell signalling in Schistosoma mansoni during early development ▶     Margarida Ressurreição, Firat Elbeyioglu, Ruth S. Kirk et al.     During infection of their human definitive host, schistosomes transform rapidly from free-swimming infective cercariae in freshwater to endoparasitic schistosomules. The …             Differential protein structural disturbances and suppression of assembly partners produced by nonsense GABRG2 epilepsy mutations: implications for disease phenotypic heterogeneity ▶     Juexin Wang, Dingding Shen, Geqing Xia et al.     Mutations in GABAA receptor subunit genes are frequently associated with epilepsy, and nonsense mutations in GABRG2 are associated with several epilepsy syndromes including …             AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway is critically involved in human pluripotent stem cell survival ▶     Leonardo Romorini, Ximena Garate, Gabriel Neiman et al.     Human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are self-renewing pluripotent stem cells (PSC) that can differentiate into a wide range of specialized cells. Basic fibroblast …             Purification and Characterization of a Novel Cold Shock Protein-Like Bacteriocin Synthesized by Bacillus thuringiensis ▶     Tianpei Huang, Xiaojuan Zhang, Jieru Pan et al.     Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), one of the most successful biopesticides, may expand its potential by producing bacteriocins (thuricins). The aim of this study was to investigate …             Investigation of bacterial effects of Asian dust events through comparison with seasonal variability in outdoor airborne bacterial community ▶     Jonguk Park, Tomoaki Ichijo, Masao Nasu et al.     Atmospheric bacterial dispersion with aeolian dust has been reported to have a potential impact on public health and ecosystems. Asian dust is a major aeolian event that results …             Mechanisms underlying the endogenous dopaminergic inhibition of spinal locomotor circuit function in Xenopus tadpoles ▶     Laurence D. Picton, Keith T. Sillar     Dopamine plays important roles in the development and modulation of motor control circuits. Here we show that dopamine exerts potent effects on the central pattern generator …             Neurons in the pigeon caudolateral nidopallium differentiate Pavlovian conditioned stimuli but not their associated reward value in a sign-tracking paradigm ▶     Nils Kasties, Sarah Starosta, Onur Güntürkün et al.     Animals exploit visual information to identify objects, form stimulus-reward associations, and prepare appropriate behavioral responses. The nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), an …             The Effects of Puerarin on Rat Ventricular Myocytes and the Potential Mechanism ▶     Hao Xu, Manxi Zhao, Shenghui Liang et al.     Puerarin, a known isoflavone, is commonly found as a Chinese herb medicine. It is widely used in China to treat cardiac diseases such as angina, cardiac infarction and …             Midbrain Gene Screening Identifies a New Mesoaccumbal Glutamatergic Pathway and a Marker for Dopamine Cells Neuroprotected in Parkinson’s Disease ▶     Thomas Viereckel, Sylvie Dumas, Casey J. A. Smith-Anttila et al.     The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of the midbrain are associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), schizophrenia, mood disorders and …             Molecular basis for catalysis and substrate-mediated cellular stabilization of human tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase ▶     Ariel Lewis-Ballester, Farhad Forouhar, Sung-Mi Kim et al.     Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) play a central role in tryptophan metabolism and are involved in many cellular and disease processes. Here …             PD-L1 is a critical mediator of regulatory B cells and T cells in invasive breast cancer ▶     Honggeng Guan, Yuqiu Wan, Jing Lan et al.     Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a key mediator in regulating anti-tumor immune suppression, tumor immune escape, metastasis and relapse, are considered an important therapeutic …             Polarization of an electroactive functional film on titanium for inducing osteogenic differentiation ▶     Zhengnan Zhou, Weiping Li, Tianrui He et al.     To enhance the surface bioactivity of titanium (Ti) prostheses, an electroactive polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film was prepared on a Ti substrate to provide a mimetic of the …             Early Detection of T cell Transfer-induced Autoimmune Colitis by In Vivo Imaging System ▶     Yu-Ling Chen, Yi-Ting Chen, Cheng-Feng Lo et al.     Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic and progressive inflammatory intestinal disease that includes two major types, namely ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (CD). CD is …             Protease induced plasticity: matrix metalloproteinase-1 promotes neurostructural changes through activation of protease activated receptor 1 ▶     Megan Allen, Suhasini Ghosh, Gerard P. Ahern et al.     Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of secreted endopeptidases expressed by neurons and glia. Regulated MMP activity contributes to physiological synaptic plasticity, …             Application of Targeted Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of Sirtuins in the Central Nervous System ▶     T. Jayasena, A. Poljak, N. Braidy et al.     Sirtuin proteins have a variety of intracellular targets, thereby regulating multiple biological pathways including neurodegeneration. However, relatively little is currently …             Intraoperative electrophysiological evaluations of macular function during peripheral scleral indentation ▶     Goichi Akiyama, Celso Soiti Matsumoto, Kei Shinoda et al.     Scleral indentation is widely used to examine the peripheral fundus, however it can increase the intraocular pressure (IOP) to high levels which can then affect retinal function. …             Integrated analysis of bacterial and microeukaryotic communities from differentially active mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cadiz ▶     Francisco J. R. C. Coelho, António Louvado, Patrícia M. Domingues et al.     The present study assesses the diversity and composition of sediment bacterial and microeukaryotic communities from deep-sea mud volcanoes (MVs) associated with strike-slip …             Long-Term Homeostatic Properties Complementary to Hebbian Rules in CuPc-Based Multifunctional Memristor ▶     Laiyuan Wang, Zhiyong Wang, Jinyi Lin et al.     Most simulations of neuroplasticity in memristors, which are potentially used to develop artificial synapses, are confined to the basic biological Hebbian rules. However, the …             Differential effects of L-tryptophan and L-leucine administration on brain resting state functional networks and plasma hormone levels ▶     Davide Zanchi, Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach, Claudia Suenderhauf et al.     Depending on their protein content, single meals can rapidly influence the uptake of amino acids into the brain and thereby modify brain functions. The current study investigates …             SparRec: An effective matrix completion framework of missing data imputation for GWAS ▶     Bo Jiang, Shiqian Ma, Jason Causey et al.     Genome-wide association studies present computational challenges for missing data imputation, while the advances of genotype technologies are generating datasets of large sample …             A unified theory of calcium alternans in ventricular myocytes ▶     Zhilin Qu, Michael B. Liu, Michael Nivala     Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) alternans is a dynamical phenomenon in ventricular myocytes, which is linked to the genesis of lethal arrhythmias. Iterated map models of …             Electromagnetic Model Reliably Predicts Radar Scattering Characteristics of Airborne Organisms ▶     Djordje Mirkovic, Phillip M. Stepanian, Jeffrey F. Kelly et al.     The radar scattering characteristics of aerial animals are typically obtained from controlled laboratory measurements of a freshly harvested specimen. These measurements are …             Corrigendum: An extended patch-dynamic framework for food chains in fragmented landscapes ▶     Jinbao Liao, Jiehong Chen, Zhixia Ying et al.                 Octopamine controls starvation resistance, life span and metabolic traits in Drosophila ▶     Yong Li, Julia Hoffmann, Yang Li et al.     The monoamines octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) modulate numerous behaviours and physiological processes in invertebrates. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether these …             Independent Long Fingers are not Essential for a Grasping Hand ▶     Federico Montagnani, Marco Controzzi, Christian Cipriani     The human hand is a complex integrated system with motor and sensory components that provides individuals with high functionality and elegant behaviour. In direct connection with …             Effectiveness evaluation of organized screening for esophageal cancer: a case-control study in Linzhou city, China ▶     Qiong Chen, Liang Yu, Changqing Hao et al.     In China, esophageal cancer has remained a large burden, and endoscopic screening is expected to reduce esophageal cancer mortality. Therefore, a population-based case-control …             Caudal migration and proliferation of renal progenitors regulates early nephron segment size in zebrafish ▶     Richard W. Naylor, Rachel C. Dodd, Alan J. Davidson     The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and is divided into distinct proximal and distal segments. The factors determining nephron segment size are not fully understood. …             Directionally selective retinal ganglion cells suppress luminance responses during natural viewing ▶     Maesoon Im, Shelley I. Fried     The ON-OFF directionally selective cells of the retina respond preferentially to movement in a preferred direction, but under laboratory conditions they are also sensitive to …             Historical dimensions of population structure in a continuously distributed marine species: The case of the endemic Chilean dolphin ▶     M. J. Pérez-Alvarez, C. Olavarría, R. Moraga et al.     The complementarity of historical and contemporary processes contributes to understanding the genetic structure of continuously distributed marine species with high dispersal …             Nondestructive, real-time determination and visualization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by luminescent oligothiophenes ▶     Ferdinand X. Choong, Marcus Bäck, Svava E. Steiner et al.     Enabling technologies for efficient use of the bio-based feedstock are crucial to the replacement of oil-based products. We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated …             LncRNA SRA promotes hepatic steatosis through repressing the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) ▶     Gang Chen, Dongsheng Yu, Xue Nian et al.     Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common form of chronic liver disease, manifests as an over-accumulation of hepatic fat. We have recently shown that mice with …             Visual attention spreads broadly but selects information locally ▶     Satoshi Shioiri, Hajime Honjyo, Yoshiyuki Kashiwase et al.     Visual attention spreads over a range around the focus as the spotlight metaphor describes. Spatial spread of attentional enhancement and local selection/inhibition are crucial …             Core Amino Acid Residues in the Morphology-Regulating Protein, Mms6, for Intracellular Magnetite Biomineralization ▶     Ayana Yamagishi, Kaori Narumiya, Masayoshi Tanaka et al.     Living organisms produce finely tuned biomineral architectures with the aid of biomineral-associated proteins. The functional amino acid residues in these proteins have been …             Neonatal cardiac dysfunction and transcriptome changes caused by the absence of Celf1 ▶     Jimena Giudice, Zheng Xia, Wei Li et al.     The RNA binding protein Celf1 regulates alternative splicing in the nucleus and mRNA stability and translation in the cytoplasm. Celf1 is strongly down-regulated during mouse …             Transient Induced Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy (TIMES) for study of protein-ligand interactions ▶     Tiantian Zhang, Ti-Hsuan Ku, Yuanyuan Han et al.     We present a method, Transient Induced Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy (TIMES), to detect protein-ligand interactions without any protein engineering or chemical modification. …             Corrigendum: The NAC transcription factor ANAC046 is a positive regulator of chlorophyll degradation and senescence in Arabidopsis leaves ▶     Chihiro Oda-Yamamizo, Nobutaka Mitsuda, Shingo Sakamoto et al.                 Jak/Stat signaling regulates the proliferation and neurogenic potential of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells in the avian retina ▶     Levi Todd, Natalie Squires, Lilianna Suarez et al.     Müller glia are capable of de-differentiating and proliferating to become Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs) with the ability to regenerate retinal neurons. One of the …             A novel gene cluster allows preferential utilization of fucosylated milk oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum SC596 ▶     Daniel Garrido, Santiago Ruiz-Moyano, Nina Kirmiz et al.     The infant intestinal microbiota is often colonized by two subspecies of Bifidobacterium longum: subsp. infantis (B. infantis) and subsp. longum (B. longum). Competitive growth …             Label-free, rapid and quantitative phenotyping of stress response in E. coli via ramanome ▶     Lin Teng, Xian Wang, Xiaojun Wang et al.     Rapid profiling of stress-response at single-cell resolution yet in a label-free, non-disruptive and mechanism-specific manner can lead to many new applications. We propose a …             The astrocytic transporter SLC7A10 (Asc-1) mediates glycinergic inhibition of spinal cord motor neurons ▶     Jeffrey T. Ehmsen, Yong Liu, Yue Wang et al.     SLC7A10 (Asc-1) is a sodium-independent amino acid transporter known to facilitate transport of a number of amino acids including glycine, L-serine, L-alanine, and L-cysteine, as …             Effects of patch contrast and arrangement on benefits of clonal integration in a rhizomatous clonal plant ▶     Yong-Jian Wang, Xue-Ping Shi, Xiao-Jing Wu et al.     The availabilities of light and soil water resources usually spatially co-vary in natural habitats, and the spatial pattern of such co-variation may affect the benefits of …             Horizontal Transfer of a Novel Soil Agarase Gene from Marine Bacteria to Soil Bacteria via Human Microbiota ▶     Tao Song, Hui Xu, Congchong Wei et al.     Seaweed is receiving an increasing amount of attention as a “sea vegetable”. The microbiota of coastal populations may acquire seaweed associated enzymes through marine food. …             The ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, TaU4 regulates wheat defence against the phytopathogen Zymoseptoria tritici ▶     Linda Millyard, Jack Lee, Cunjin Zhang et al.     Mycosphaerella graminicola (Zymoseptoria tritici commonly known as Septoria), the causal agent of Septoria Leaf Blotch (STB), is considered one of the major threats to European …             Vildagliptin and its metabolite M20.7 induce the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in human hepatoma HepG2 and leukemia HL-60 cells ▶     Mitsutoshi Asakura, Fumika Karaki, Hideaki Fujii et al.     Vildagliptin is a potent, orally active inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been reported that vildagliptin can …             Enzymatic diversity of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome is crucial for the degradation of crystalline cellulose and plant biomass ▶     Katsuaki Hirano, Masahiro Kurosaki, Satoshi Nihei et al.     The cellulosome is a supramolecular multienzyme complex comprised of a wide variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and scaffold proteins. The cellulosomal enzymes that bind …             Prophylaxis of Diallyl Disulfide on Skin Carcinogenic Model via p21-dependent Nrf2 stabilization ▶     Yunlong Shan, Zhonghong Wei, Li Tao et al.     Cancer prevention through intake of biologically active natural products appears to be an accessible way to reduce the risk of cancer. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major garlic …             Plant functional trait diversity regulates the nonlinear response of productivity to regional climate change in Tibetan alpine grasslands ▶     Jianshuang Wu, Susanne Wurst, Xianzhou Zhang     The biodiversity-productivity relationship is still under debate for alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. We know little about direct and indirect effects of biotic and …             TGF-β induces p53/Smads complex formation in the PAI-1 promoter to activate transcription ▶     Yuki Kawarada, Yasumichi Inoue, Fumihiro Kawasaki et al.     Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling facilitates tumor development during the advanced stages of tumorigenesis, but induces cell-cycle arrest for tumor suppression …             Regional-specific effect of fluoxetine on rapidly dividing progenitors along the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus ▶     Qi-Gang Zhou, Daehoon Lee, Eun Jeoung Ro et al.     Hippocampus-dependent cognitive and emotional function appears to be regionally dissociated along the dorsoventral (DV) axis of the hippocampus. Recent observations that adult …             A rare subset of skin-tropic regulatory T cells expressing Il10/Gzmb inhibits the cutaneous immune response ▶     Ryoyo Ikebuchi, Shunsuke Teraguchi, Alexis Vandenbon et al.     Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) migrating from the skin to the draining lymph node (dLN) have a strong immunosuppressive effect on the cutaneous immune response. However, the …             Discovery of putative capsaicin biosynthetic genes by RNA-Seq and digital gene expression analysis of pepper ▶     Zi-Xin Zhang, Shu-Niu Zhao, Gao-Feng Liu et al.     The Indian pepper ‘Guijiangwang’ (Capsicum frutescens L.), one of the world’s hottest chili peppers, is rich in capsaicinoids. The accumulation of the alkaloid capsaicin and its …             Identification of reference genes for circulating microRNA analysis in colorectal cancer ▶     Yanqin Niu, Yike Wu, Jinyong Huang et al.     Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is the most frequently used method for measuring expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs), which is based on normalization to endogenous …             Impact of sialic acids on the molecular dynamic of bi-antennary and tri-antennary glycans ▶     Alexandre Guillot, Manuel Dauchez, Nicolas Belloy et al.     Sialic acids (SA) are monosaccharides that can be located at the terminal position of glycan chains on a wide range of proteins. The post-translational modifications, such as …             Gene-expression reversal of lncRNAs and associated mRNAs expression in active vs latent HIV infection ▶     Madhavan Nair, Vidya Sagar, Sudheesh Pilakka-Kanthikeel     Interplay between lncRNAs and mRNAs is rapidly emerging as a key epigenetic mechanism in controlling various cell functions. HIV can actively infect and/or can persist latently …             ZIKA virus reveals broad tissue and cell tropism during the first trimester of pregnancy ▶     Hicham El Costa, Jordi Gouilly, Jean-Michel Mansuy et al.     The outbreak of the Zika Virus (ZIKV) and its association with fetal abnormalities have raised worldwide concern. However, the cellular tropism and the mechanisms of ZIKV …             A Mitochondrial Genome of Rhyparochromidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and a Comparative Analysis of Related Mitochondrial Genomes ▶     Teng Li, Jie Yang, Yinwan Li et al.     The Rhyparochromidae, the largest family of Lygaeoidea, encompasses more than 1,850 described species, but no mitochondrial genome has been sequenced to date. Here we describe …             MPP2 is a postsynaptic MAGUK scaffold protein that links SynCAM1 cell adhesion molecules to core components of the postsynaptic density ▶     Nils Rademacher, Bettina Schmerl, Jennifer A. Lardong et al.     At neuronal synapses, multiprotein complexes of trans-synaptic adhesion molecules, scaffold proteins and neurotransmitter receptors assemble to essential building blocks required …             Crystal structure of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 complexed with NAD+ and retinoic acid ▶     Andrea Moretti, Jianfeng Li, Stefano Donini et al.     The aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3 (ALDH1A3) catalyzes the oxidation of retinal to the pleiotropic factor retinoic acid using NAD+. The level of ALDHs enzymatic …             Structural insights into bacterial flagellar hooks similarities and specificities ▶     Young-Ho Yoon, Clive S. Barker, Paula V. Bulieris et al.     Across bacteria, the protein that makes the flagellar hook, FlgE, has a high variability in amino acid residue composition and sequence length. We hereby present the structure of …             Lipopolysaccharide-induced hemolysis: Evidence for direct membrane interactions ▶     Stephan Brauckmann, Katharina Effenberger-Neidnicht, Herbert de Groot et al.     While hemolysis in patients with sepsis is associated with increased mortality its mechanisms are unknown and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 mediated effects, complement-mediated …             Corrigendum: Automated Axon Counting in Rodent Optic Nerve Sections with AxonJ ▶     Kasra Zarei, Todd E. Scheetz, Mark Christopher et al.                 A rare schizophrenia risk variant of CACNA1I disrupts CaV3.3 channel activity ▶     A. Andrade, J. Hope, A. Allen et al.     CACNA1I is a candidate schizophrenia risk gene. It encodes the pore-forming human CaV3.3 α1 subunit, a subtype of voltage-gated calcium channel that contributes to T-type …             Live-cell imaging of ER-PM contact architecture by a novel TIRFM approach reveals extension of junctions in response to store-operated Ca2+-entry ▶     Michael Poteser, Gerd Leitinger, Elisabeth Pritz et al.     Nanometer-spaced appositions between endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane (ER-PM junctions) stabilized by membrane-joining protein complexes are critically involved in …             Increased human occupation and agricultural development accelerates the population contraction of an estuarine delphinid ▶     Wenzhi Lin, Leszek Karczmarski, Jia Xia et al.     Over the past few thousand years, human development and population expansion in southern China have led to local extirpation and population contraction of many terrestrial …             mdRNA-Seq analysis of marine microbial communities from the northern Red Sea ▶     Shengwei Hou, Ulrike Pfreundt, Dan Miller et al.     Metatranscriptomic differential RNA-Seq (mdRNA-Seq) identifies the suite of active transcriptional start sites at single-nucleotide resolution through enrichment of primary …             Cdk7 mediates RPB1-driven mRNA synthesis in Toxoplasma gondii ▶     Abhijit S. Deshmukh, Pallabi Mitra, Mulaka Maruthi     Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 in conjunction with CyclinH and Mat1 activates cell cycle CDKs and is a part of the general transcription factor TFIIH. Role of Cdk7 is well …             Functionalized Stress Component onto Bio-template as a Pathway of Cytocompatibility ▶     Meysam Keshavarz, Bo Tan, Krishnan Venkatakrishnan     This in-vitro study introduces residual stress as a third dimension of cell stimulus to modulate the interaction between cells and bio-template, without the addition of either …             Communities as cliques ▶     Yael Fried, David A. Kessler, Nadav M. Shnerb     High-diversity species assemblages are very common in nature, and yet the factors allowing for the maintenance of biodiversity remain obscure. The competitive exclusion principle …             Corrigendum: Real-Time Control of a Neuroprosthetic Hand by Magnetoencephalographic Signals from Paralysed Patients ▶     Ryohei Fukuma, Takufumi Yanagisawa, Youichi Saitoh et al.                 Synchronized human skeletal myotubes of lean, obese and type 2 diabetic patients maintain circadian oscillation of clock genes ▶     Jan Hansen, Silvie Timmers, Esther Moonen-Kornips et al.     Cell and animal studies have demonstrated that circadian rhythm is governed by autonomous rhythmicity of clock genes. Although disturbances in circadian rhythm have been …             Single and Transient Ca2+ Peaks in Podocytes do not induce Changes in Glomerular Filtration and Perfusion ▶     Sybille Koehler, Sebastian Brähler, Alexander Kuczkowski et al.     Chronic alterations in calcium (Ca2+) signalling in podocytes have been shown to cause proteinuria and progressive glomerular diseases. However, it is unclear whether short Ca2+ …             Hepatic 3D spheroid models for the detection and study of compounds with cholestatic liability ▶     Delilah F. G. Hendriks, Lisa Fredriksson Puigvert, Simon Messner et al.     Drug-induced cholestasis (DIC) is poorly understood and its preclinical prediction is mainly limited to assessing the compound’s potential to inhibit the bile salt export pump …             Spatial Dependence of DNA Damage in Bacteria due to Low-Temperature Plasma Application as Assessed at the Single Cell Level ▶     Angela Privat-Maldonado, Deborah O’Connell, Emma Welch et al.     Low temperature plasmas (LTPs) generate a cocktail of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS) with bactericidal activity. The RNOS however are spatially unevenly distributed …             Asperosaponin VI promotes bone marrow stromal cell osteogenic differentiation through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in an osteoporosis model ▶     Ke Ke, Qi Li, Xiaofeng Yang et al.     Asperosaponin VI (ASA VI), a natural compound isolated from the well-known traditional Chinese herb Radix Dipsaci, has an important role in promoting osteoblast formation. …             Chronic stress prior to pregnancy potentiated long-lasting postpartum depressive-like behavior, regulated by Akt-mTOR signaling in the hippocampus ▶     Baomei Xia, Chang Chen, Hailou Zhang et al.     Postpartum depression (PPD) affects over 10% of new mothers and adversely impacts the health of offspring. One of the greatest risk factors for PPD is prepregnancy stress but the …             Molecular etiology and genotype-phenotype correlation of Chinese Han deaf patients with type I and type II Waardenburg Syndrome ▶     Lianhua Sun, Xiaohua Li, Jun Shi et al.     Waardenburg syndrome (WS) characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities is genetically heterogeneous and phenotypically variable. This study …             Bacterial abundance and diversity in pond water supplied with different feeds ▶     Ya Qin, Jie Hou, Ming Deng et al.     The abundance and diversity of bacteria in two types of ponds were investigated by quantitative PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The results revealed that the abundance of …             High-Efficiency Transduction of Primary Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells by AAV6 Vectors: Strategies for Overcoming Donor-Variation and Implications in Genome Editing ▶     Chen Ling, Kanit Bhukhai, Zifei Yin et al.     We have reported that of the 10 commonly used AAV serotype vectors, AAV6 is the most efficient in transducing primary human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, …             Nanostructured Boron Nitride With High Water Dispersibility For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy ▶     Bikramjeet Singh, Gurpreet Kaur, Paviter Singh et al.     Highly water dispersible boron based compounds are innovative and advanced materials which can be used in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for cancer treatment (BNCT). Present study …             CDK4 regulates cancer stemness and is a novel therapeutic target for triple-negative breast cancer ▶     Meiou Dai, Chenjing Zhang, Ayad Ali et al.     Triple negative breast cancers exhibit very aggressive features and poor patient outcomes. These tumors are enriched in cancer stem cells and exhibit resistance to most …             Cytoplasmic proliferating cell nuclear antigen connects glycolysis and cell survival in acute myeloid leukemia ▶     Delphine Ohayon, Alessia De Chiara, Nicolas Chapuis et al.     Cytosolic proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a scaffolding protein involved in DNA replication, has been described as a key element in survival of mature neutrophil …             The room temperature crystal structure of a bacterial phytochrome determined by serial femtosecond crystallography ▶     Petra Edlund, Heikki Takala, Elin Claesson et al.     Phytochromes are a family of photoreceptors that control light responses of plants, fungi and bacteria. A sequence of structural changes, which is not yet fully understood, leads …             Factor XIII-A transglutaminase deficient mice show signs of metabolically healthy obesity on high fat diet ▶     Vamsee D. Myneni, Aisha Mousa, Mari T. Kaartinen     F13A1 gene, which encodes for Factor XIII-A blood clotting factor and a transglutaminase enzyme, was recently identified as a potential causative gene for obesity in humans. In …             Evidence for discrete solar and lunar orientation mechanisms in the beach amphipod, Talitrus saltator Montagu (Crustacea, Amphipoda) ▶     Alberto Ugolini, Laura S. Hoelters, Alice Ciofini et al.     Animals that use astronomical cues to orientate must make continuous adjustment to account for temporal changes in azimuth caused by Earth’s rotation. For example, the Monarch …             Wall Teichoic Acids Are Involved in the Medium-Induced Loss of Function of the Autolysin CD11 against Clostridium difficile ▶     Xia Wu, Elena E. Paskaleva, Krunal K. Mehta et al.     Bacterial lysins are potent antibacterial enzymes with potential applications in the treatment of bacterial infections. Some lysins lose activity in the growth media of target …             Exceptional endocrine profiles characterise the meerkat: sex, status, and reproductive patterns ▶     Charli S. Davies, Kendra N. Smyth, Lydia K. Greene et al.     In vertebrates, reproductive endocrine concentrations are strongly differentiated by sex, with androgen biases typifying males and estrogen biases typifying females. These sex …             Acute and chronic gregarisation are associated with distinct DNA methylation fingerprints in desert locusts ▶     Eamonn B. Mallon, Harindra E. Amarasinghe, Swidbert R. Ott     Desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) show a dramatic form of socially induced phenotypic plasticity known as phase polyphenism. In the absence of conspecifics, locusts occur in …             Targeted Downregulation of s36 Protein Unearths its Cardinal Role in Chorion Biogenesis and Architecture during Drosophila melanogaster Oogenesis ▶     Athanassios D. Velentzas, Panagiotis D. Velentzas, Niki E. Sagioglou et al.     Drosophila chorion represents a model biological system for the in vivo study of gene activity, epithelial development, extracellular-matrix assembly and morphogenetic-patterning …             Functional diversity exhibits a diverse relationship with area, even a decreasing one ▶     Elpida K. Karadimou, Athanasios S. Kallimanis, Ioannis Tsiripidis et al.     The relationship between species richness and area is one of the few well-established laws in ecology, and one might expect a similar relationship with functional diversity (FD). …             Genetic and pathogenic characterisation of 11 avian reovirus isolates from northern China suggests continued evolution of virulence ▶     Li Zhong, Li Gao, Yongzhen Liu et al.     Avian reovirus (ARV) infections characterised by severe arthritis, tenosynovitis, pericarditis, and depressed growth have become increasingly frequent in recent years. In this …             Myc overexpression enhances of epicardial contribution to the developing heart and promotes extensive expansion of the cardiomyocyte population ▶     Cristina Villa del Campo, Ghislaine Lioux, Rita Carmona et al.     Myc is an essential regulator of cell growth and proliferation. Myc overexpression promotes the homeostatic expansion of cardiomyocyte populations by cell competition, however …             Metallomic Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal fluid and Serum in patients with Parkinson’s disease in Indian population ▶     Jaya Sanyal, Shiek S. S. J. Ahmed, Hon Keung Tony Ng et al.     Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with the absence of markers for diagnosis. Several studies on PD reported the elements imbalance in biofluids as …             Exogenous glutathione improves high root-zone temperature tolerance by modulating photosynthesis, antioxidant and osmolytes systems in cucumber seedlings ▶     Xiaotao Ding, Yuping Jiang, Lizhong He et al.     To investigate the physiological responses of plants to high root-zone temperature (HT, 35 °C) stress mitigated by exogenous glutathione (GSH), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) …             αTAT1 controls longitudinal spreading of acetylation marks from open microtubules extremities ▶     Nathalie Ly, Nadia Elkhatib, Enzo Bresteau et al.     Acetylation of the lysine 40 of α-tubulin (K40) is a post-translational modification occurring in the lumen of microtubules (MTs) and is controlled by the α-tubulin …             Identification of reliable reference genes for qRT-PCR studies of the developing mouse mammary gland ▶     Anoeska Agatha Alida van de Moosdijk, Renée van Amerongen     Cell growth and differentiation are often driven by subtle changes in gene expression. Many challenges still exist in detecting these changes, particularly in the context of a …             Diversity of antibiotic-resistance genes in Canadian isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida: dominance of pSN254b and discovery of pAsa8 ▶     Mélanie V. Trudel, Antony T. Vincent, Sabrina A. Attéré et al.     The bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a common pathogen in fish farms worldwide. Since the antibiotic resistance of this bacterial species is on the increase, …             Hybrid Markov-mass action law model for cell activation by rare binding events: Application to calcium induced vesicular release at neuronal synapses ▶     Claire Guerrier, David Holcman     Binding of molecules, ions or proteins to small target sites is a generic step of cell activation. This process relies on rare stochastic events where a particle located in a …             F-O-G Ring Formation in Glycopeptide Antibiotic Biosynthesis is Catalysed by OxyE ▶     Madeleine Peschke, Clara Brieke, Max J. Cryle     The glycopeptide antibiotics are peptide-based natural products with impressive antibiotic function that derives from their unique three-dimensional structure. Biosynthesis of …             Circular RNA has_circ_0067934 is upregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and promoted proliferation ▶     Wenjia Xia, Mantang Qiu, Rui Chen et al.     Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly types of cancer worldwide especially in Eastern Asia and the prognosis of ESCC remain poor. …             The B1 Protein Guides the Biosynthesis of a Lasso Peptide ▶     Shaozhou Zhu, Christopher D. Fage, Julian D. Hegemann et al.     Lasso peptides are a class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) with a unique lariat knot-like fold that endows them with extraordinary …             Dnmt1 regulates the myogenic lineage specification of muscle stem cells ▶     Renjing Liu, Kun-Yong Kim, Yong-Wook Jung et al.     DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark that regulates gene expression. Dnmt1 plays an important role in maintaining DNA methylation patterns on daughter DNA strands. …             DNA damage precedes apoptosis during the regression of the interdigital tissue in vertebrate embryos ▶     Juan A. Montero, Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez, Carlos I. Lorda-Diez et al.     DNA damage independent of caspase activation accompanies programmed cell death in different vertebrate embryonic organs. We analyzed the significance of DNA damage during the …             Induction of Autophagy and Apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/TOR Pathways by Azadirachtin A in Spodoptera litura Cells ▶     Xuehua Shao, Duo Lai, Ling Zhang et al.     Azadirachtin is one of the most effective botanical insecticides and has been widely used in pest control. Toxicological reports show that azadirachtin can induce apoptosis in …             Structural characterization of the circadian clock protein complex composed of KaiB and KaiC by inverse contrast-matching small-angle neutron scattering ▶     Masaaki Sugiyama, Hirokazu Yagi, Kentaro Ishii et al.     The molecular machinery of the cyanobacterial circadian clock consists of three proteins: KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC. Through interactions among the three Kai proteins, the …             Alterations of the Host Microbiome Affect Behavioral Responses to Cocaine ▶     Drew D. Kiraly, Deena M. Walker, Erin S. Calipari et al.     Addiction to cocaine and other psychostimulants represents a major public health crisis. The development and persistence of addictive behaviors comes from a complex interaction …             Atypical Time Course of Object Recognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder ▶     Laurent Caplette, Bruno Wicker, Frédéric Gosselin     In neurotypical observers, it is widely believed that the visual system samples the world in a coarse-to-fine fashion. Past studies on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have …             The neural transfer effect of working memory training to enhance hedonic processing in individuals with social anhedonia ▶     Xu Li, Zhi Li, Ke Li et al.     Anhedonia, the diminished ability to experience pleasure, is a challenging negative symptom in patients with schizophrenia and can be observed in at-risk individuals with …             TRAF3 deficiency promotes metabolic reprogramming in B cells ▶     Nurbek Mambetsariev, Wai W. Lin, Alicia M. Wallis et al.     The adaptor protein TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is a critical regulator of B lymphocyte survival. B cell-specific TRAF3 deficiency results in enhanced viability and …             Genome-wide diversity and gene expression profiling of Babesia microti isolates identify polymorphic genes that mediate host-pathogen interactions ▶     Joana C. Silva, Emmanuel Cornillot, Carrie McCracken et al.     Babesia microti, a tick-transmitted, intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite circulating mainly among small mammals, is the primary cause of human babesiosis. While most cases are …             Intramolecular hydrophobic interactions are critical mediators of STAT5 dimerization ▶     Dirk Fahrenkamp, Jinyu Li, Sabrina Ernst et al.     STAT5 is an essential transcription factor in hematopoiesis, which is activated through tyrosine phosphorylation in response to cytokine stimulation. Constitutive activation of …             Structural and haemostatic features of pharmaceutical heparins from different animal sources: challenges to define thresholds separating distinct drugs ▶     Ana M. F. Tovar, Gustavo R. C. Santos, Nina V. Capillé et al.     Heparins extracted from different animal sources have been conventionally considered effective anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents despite of their pharmacological …             Wolbachia endosymbionts induce neutrophil extracellular trap formation in human onchocerciasis ▶     Francesca Tamarozzi, Joseph D. Turner, Nicolas Pionnier et al.     The endosymbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia, induce neutrophilic responses to the human helminth pathogen Onchocerca volvulus. The formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), …             Small RNA-mediated responses to low- and high-temperature stresses in cotton ▶     Qiongshan Wang, Nian Liu, Xiyan Yang et al.     MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one class of endogenous non-coding RNAs modulating the expression of target genes involved in plant development and stress tolerance, by degrading mRNA or …             Apigenin potentiates TRAIL therapy of non-small cell lung cancer via upregulating DR4/DR5 expression in a p53-dependent manner ▶     Minghui Chen, Xueshi Wang, Daolong Zha et al.     Apigenin (APG) is an edible plant-derived flavonoid that shows modest antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. APG treatment results in cell growth arrest and apoptosis in …             Altered T cell phenotypes associated with clinical relapse of multiple sclerosis patients receiving fingolimod therapy ▶     Chihiro Fujii, Takayuki Kondo, Hirofumi Ochi et al.     Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Fingolimod, a highly effective disease-modifying drug for MS, retains CCR7+ central memory T cells in which …             Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer - Biobanking of Preoperative Tumor Biopsies ▶     Peter Jo, Manuel Nietert, Linda Gusky et al.     Translational research relies on high-quality biospecimens. In patients with rectal cancer treated preoperatively with radiochemotherapy tissue based analyses are challenging. To …             Enhanced production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by enzyme engineering of tandem acyl carrier proteins ▶     Shohei Hayashi, Yasuharu Satoh, Tetsuro Ujihara et al.     In some microorganisms, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are biosynthesized by PUFA synthases characterized by tandem acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) in subunit A. These ACPs …             Bumblebees minimize control challenges by combining active and passive modes in unsteady winds ▶     Sridhar Ravi, Dmitry Kolomenskiy, Thomas Engels et al.     The natural wind environment that volant insects encounter is unsteady and highly complex, posing significant flight-control and stability challenges. It is critical to …             Diabetes-linked transcription factor HNF4α regulates metabolism of endogenous methylarginines and β-aminoisobutyric acid by controlling expression of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 ▶     Dmitry V. Burdin, Alexey A. Kolobov, Chad Brocker et al.     Elevated levels of circulating asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginines (ADMA and SDMA) predict and potentially contribute to end organ damage in cardiovascular diseases. …             Folylpolyglutamate synthase is a major determinant of intracellular methotrexate polyglutamates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ▶     Tatsuhiro Yamamoto, Kotaro Shikano, Toshihiro Nanki et al.     We investigated major determinants of the intracellular concentrations of methotrexate polyglutamates (MTXPGs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In 271 RA patients on …             Microbial respiration, but not biomass, responded linearly to increasing light fraction organic matter input: Consequences for carbon sequestration ▶     Yichao Rui, Daniel V. Murphy, Xiaoli Wang et al.     Rebuilding ‘lost’ soil carbon (C) is a priority in mitigating climate change and underpinning key soil functions that support ecosystem services. Microorganisms determine if …             Interactome-transcriptome analysis discovers signatures complementary to GWAS Loci of Type 2 Diabetes ▶     Jing-Woei Li, Heung-Man Lee, Ying Wang et al.     Protein interactions play significant roles in complex diseases. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcriptome using a multi-method strategy. We constructed …             Osterix represses adipogenesis by negatively regulating PPARγ transcriptional activity ▶     Younho Han, Chae Yul Kim, Heesun Cheong et al.     Osterix is a novel bone-related transcription factor involved in osteoblast differentiation, and bone maturation. Because a reciprocal relationship exists between adipocyte and …             Polysaccharide biosynthesis-related genes explain phenotype-genotype correlation of Microcystis colonies in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu, China ▶     Shutu Xu, Qianqian Sun, Xiaohua Zhou et al.     The 16S rDNA, 16S-23S rDNA-ITS, cpcBA-IGS, mcy gene and several polysaccharide biosynthesis-related genes (epsL and TagH) were analyzed along with the identification of the …             Activated Factor X Induces Endothelial Cell Senescence Through IGFBP-5 ▶     Fumihiro Sanada, Yoshiaki Taniyama, Jun Muratsu et al.     Uncontrolled coagulation contributes to the pathophysiology of several chronic inflammatory diseases. In these conditions, senescent cells are often observed and is involved in …             Training to improve contrast sensitivity in amblyopia: correction of high-order aberrations ▶     Meng Liao, Haoxing Zhao, Longqian Liu et al.     Perceptual learning is considered a potential treatment for amblyopia even in adult patients who have progressed beyond the critical period of visual development because adult …             Paradoxical diurnal cortisol changes in neonates suggesting preservation of foetal adrenal rhythms ▶     Masahiro Kinoshita, Sachiko Iwata, Hisayoshi Okamura et al.     Studies suggested the presence of foetal adrenal rhythms of cortisol, which are entrained in antiphase to maternal rhythms. In contrast, neonates are thought to have no adrenal …             Succeed escape: Flow shear promotes tumbling of Escherichia colinear a solid surface ▶     Mehdi Molaei, Jian Sheng     Understanding how bacteria move close to a surface under various stimuli is crucial for a broad range of microbial processes including biofilm formation, bacterial transport and …             Massive release of extracellular vesicles from cancer cells after photodynamic treatment or chemotherapy ▶     Kelly Aubertin, Amanda K. A. Silva, Nathalie Luciani et al.     Photodynamic therapy is an emerging cancer treatment that is particularly adapted for localized malignant tumor. The phototherapeutic agent is generally injected in the …             A rapid co-culture stamping device for studying intercellular communication ▶     Amin Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi, Jonathan Shemesh, Nona Farbehi et al.     Regulation of tissue development and repair depends on communication between neighbouring cells. Recent advances in cell micro-contact printing and microfluidics have facilitated …             Viral fusion efficacy of specific H3N2 influenza virus reassortant combinations at single-particle level ▶     Hung-Lun Hsu, Jean K. Millet, Deirdre A. Costello et al.     Virus pseudotyping is a useful and safe technique for studying entry of emerging strains of influenza virus. However, few studies have compared different reassortant combinations …             Unsupervised data-driven stratification of mentalizing heterogeneity in autism ▶     Michael V. Lombardo, Meng-Chuan Lai, Bonnie Auyeung et al.     Individuals affected by autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are considerably heterogeneous. 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