Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: 18 October 2016

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18 October 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               An online-only, open access, multidisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing high-quality original research articles, reviews, editorials, commentaries, and hypothesis generating observations on all areas of breast cancer research. Part of the Nature Partner Journals series, published in partnership with the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Now open for submissions                  Biological Sciences               Phytoplankton size-diversity mediates an emergent trade-off in ecosystem functioning for rare versus frequent disturbances ▶     S. Lan Smith, Sergio M. Vallina, Agostino Merico     Biodiversity is known to be an important determinant of ecosystem-level functions and processes. Although theories have been proposed to explain the generally positive …             Identification of candidate genes associated with porcine meat color traits by genome-wide transcriptome analysis ▶     Bojiang Li, Chao Dong, Pinghua Li et al.     Meat color is considered to be the most important indicator of meat quality, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying traits related to meat color remain mostly unknown. In …             Binding of cellulose binding modules reveal differences between cellulose substrates ▶     Suvi Arola, Markus B. Linder     The interaction between cellulase enzymes and their substrates is of central importance to several technological and scientific challenges. Here we report that the binding of …             Vectorization of biomacromolecules into cells using extracellular vesicles with enhanced internalization induced by macropinocytosis ▶     Ikuhiko Nakase, Kosuke Noguchi, Ikuo Fujii et al.     Extracellular vesicles (EVs, exosomes) are approximately 30- to 200-nm-long vesicles that have received increased attention due to their role in cell-to-cell communication. …             Genetic analysis of Upland cotton dynamic heterosis for boll number per plant at multiple developmental stages ▶     Lianguang Shang, Yumei Wang, Shihu Cai et al.     Yield is an important breeding target. As important yield components, boll number per plant (BNP) shows dynamic character and strong heterosis in Upland cotton. However, the …             Nanoimaging granule dynamics and subcellular structures in activated mast cells using soft X-ray tomography ▶     Huan-Yuan Chen, Dapi Meng-Lin Chiang, Zi-Jing Lin et al.     Mast cells play an important role in allergic responses. During activation, these cells undergo degranulation, a process by which various kinds of mediators stored in the …             Loss of Quiescence in von Hippel-Lindau Hemangioblastomas is Associated with Erythropoietin Signaling ▶     Michael J. Feldman, Saman Sizdahkhani, Nancy A. Edwards et al.     von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) patients develop multiple central nervous system hemangioblastomas (HB). Some HBs become symptomatic with exponential growth or cyst formation following …             The primary transcriptome of the Escherichia coli O104:H4 pAA plasmid and novel insights into its virulence gene expression and regulation ▶     Petya Berger, Michael Knödler, Konrad U. Förstner et al.     Escherichia coli O104:H4 (E. coli O104:H4), which caused a massive outbreak of acute gastroenteritis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in 2011, carries an aggregative adherence …             Structural determinants of alternating (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) linkage specificity in reuteransucrase of Lactobacillus reuteri ▶     Xiangfeng Meng, Tjaard Pijning, Justyna M. Dobruchowska et al.     The glucansucrase GTFA of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 produces an α-glucan (reuteran) with a large amount of alternating (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) linkages. The mechanism of …             Optogenetics design of mechanistically-based stimulation patterns for cardiac defibrillation ▶     Claudia Crocini, Cecilia Ferrantini, Raffaele Coppini et al.     Current rescue therapies for life-threatening arrhythmias ignore the pathological electro-anatomical substrate and base their efficacy on a generalized electrical discharge. …             Coral reef fish perceive lightness illusions ▶     Elisha E. Simpson, N. Justin Marshall, Karen L. Cheney     Visual illusions occur when information from images are perceived differently from the actual physical properties of the stimulus in terms of brightness, size, colour and/or …             Nitroheterocyclic drugs cure experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infections more effectively in the chronic stage than in the acute stage ▶     Amanda Fortes Francisco, Shiromani Jayawardhana, Michael D. Lewis et al.     The insect-transmitted protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, and infects 5–8 million people in Latin America. Chagas disease is …             A simple and efficient method to visualize and quantify the efficiency of chromosomal mutations from genome editing ▶     Liezhen Fu, Luan Wen, Nga Luu et al.     Genome editing with designer nucleases such as TALEN and CRISPR/Cas enzymes has broad applications. Delivery of these designer nucleases into organisms induces various genetic …             The complete salmonid IGF-IR gene repertoire and its transcriptional response to disease ▶     Abdullah Alzaid, Samuel A. M. Martin, Daniel J. Macqueen     The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor (IGF-IR) is necessary for IGF signalling and has essential roles in cellular growth. In teleost fish, two distinct IGF-IR duplicates …             Identification of Cofilin-1 Induces G0/G1 Arrest and Autophagy in Angiotensin-(1-7)-treated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells from iTRAQ Quantitative Proteomics ▶     Huang-Joe Wang, Sung-Fang Chen, Wan-Yu Lo     The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas axis is a pathway that acts against the detrimental effects of the renin-angiotensin system. However, the effects of …             A large-scale chloroplast phylogeny of the Lamiaceae sheds new light on its subfamilial classification ▶     Bo Li, Philip D. Cantino, Richard G. Olmstead et al.     Lamiaceae, the sixth largest angiosperm family, contains more than 7000 species distributed all over the world. However, although considerable progress has been made in the last …             A Novel Resveratrol Based Tubulin Inhibitor Induces Mitotic Arrest and Activates Apoptosis in Cancer Cells ▶     Elizabeth Thomas, Vidya Gopalakrishnan, Mahesh Hegde et al.     Resveratrol is one of the most widely studied bioactive plant polyphenols which possesses anticancer properties. Previously we have reported synthesis, characterization and …             Disabled-2 is a negative immune regulator of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Toll-like receptor 4 internalization and signaling ▶     Wei-Shan Hung, Pin Ling, Ju-Chien Cheng et al.     Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a pivotal role in the host response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we elucidated …             Fluorescence-based characterization of non-fluorescent transient states of tryptophan – prospects for protein conformation and interaction studies ▶     Heike Hevekerl, Johan Tornmalm, Jerker Widengren     Tryptophan fluorescence is extensively used for label-free protein characterization. Here, we show that by analyzing how the average tryptophan fluorescence intensity varies with …             The complex evolutionary history of big-eared horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus macrotis complex): insights from genetic, morphological and acoustic data ▶     Keping Sun, Rebecca T. Kimball, Tong Liu et al.     Palaeoclimatic oscillations and different landscapes frequently result in complex population-level structure or the evolution of cryptic species. Elucidating the potential …             TGFβ1 – induced recruitment of human bone mesenchymal stem cells is mediated by the primary cilium in a SMAD3-dependent manner ▶     Marie-Noëlle Labour, Mathieu Riffault, Søren T. Christensen et al.     The recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a crucial process in the development, maintenance and repair of tissues throughout the body. Transforming growth factor-β1 …             Genome scans for divergent selection in natural populations of the widespread hardwood species Eucalyptus grandis (Myrtaceae) using microsatellites ▶     Zhijiao Song, Miaomiao Zhang, Fagen Li et al.     Identification of loci or genes under natural selection is important for both understanding the genetic basis of local adaptation and practical applications, and genome scans …             Dynamics of the mouse brain cortical synaptic proteome during postnatal brain development ▶     Miguel A. Gonzalez-Lozano, Patricia Klemmer, Titia Gebuis et al.     Development of the brain involves the formation and maturation of numerous synapses. This process requires prominent changes of the synaptic proteome and potentially involves …             Multiple cellobiohydrolases and cellobiose phosphorylases cooperate in the ruminal bacterium Ruminococcus albus 8 to degrade cellooligosaccharides ▶     Saravanan Devendran, Ahmed M. Abdel-Hamid, Anton F. Evans et al.     Digestion of plant cell wall polysaccharides is important in energy capture in the gastrointestinal tract of many herbivorous and omnivorous mammals, including humans and …             Enhanced cryopreservation of MSCs in microfluidic bioreactor by regulated shear flow ▶     Akalabya Bissoyi, Arindam Bit, Bikesh Kumar Singh et al.     Cell-matrix systems can be stored for longer period of time by means of cryopreservation. Cell-matrix and cell-cell interaction has been found to be critical in a number of basic …             Ergothioneine Biosynthesis and Functionality in the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus ▶     Kevin J. Sheridan, Beatrix Elisabeth Lechner, Grainne O’ Keeffe et al.     Ergothioneine (EGT; 2-mercaptohistidine trimethylbetaine) is a trimethylated and sulphurised histidine derivative which exhibits antioxidant properties. Here we report that …             Seipin deficiency alters brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity in a non-cell autonomous mode ▶     L. Dollet, J. Magré, M. Joubert et al.     Loss-of-function mutations in BSCL2 are responsible for Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy, a rare disorder characterized by near absence of adipose tissue associated …             Dynamic Phosphoproteome Analysis of Seedling Leaves in Brachypodium distachyon L. Reveals Central Phosphorylated Proteins Involved in the Drought Stress Response ▶     Lin-Lin Yuan, Ming Zhang, Xing Yan et al.     Drought stress is a major abiotic stress affecting plant growth and development. In this study, we performed the first dynamic phosphoproteome analysis of Brachypodium distachyon …             Targeted suppression of autoreactive CD8+ T-cell activation using blocking anti-CD8 antibodies ▶     Mathew Clement, James A. Pearson, Stephanie Gras et al.     CD8+ T-cells play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. However, drugs that target the entire CD8+ T-cell population …             Sex Change in Clownfish: Molecular Insights from Transcriptome Analysis ▶     Laura Casas, Fran Saborido-Rey, Taewoo Ryu et al.     Sequential hermaphroditism is a unique reproductive strategy among teleosts that is displayed mainly in fish species living in the coral reef environment. The reproductive …             Structures, properties, and energy-storage mechanisms of the semi-lunar process cuticles in locusts ▶     Chao Wan, Zhixiu Hao, Xiqiao Feng     Locusts have excellent jumping and kicking abilities to survive in nature, which are achieved through the energy storage and release processes occurring in cuticles, especially …             MicroRNA-16 inhibits feto-maternal angiogenesis and causes recurrent spontaneous abortion by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor ▶     Yongsheng Zhu, Hong Lu, Zhenghao Huo et al.     Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a common health problem that affects women of reproductive age. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs are important factors in …             The alternatively-included 11a sequence modifies the effects of Mena on actin cytoskeletal organization and cell behavior ▶     Michele Balsamo, Chandrani Mondal, Guillaume Carmona et al.     During tumor progression, alternative splicing gives rise to different Mena protein isoforms. We analyzed how Mena11a, an isoform enriched in epithelia and epithelial-like cells, …             Associations between Periodontal Microbiota and Death Rates ▶     Chung-Jung Chiu, Min-Lee Chang, Allen Taylor     It is conceived that specific combinations of periodontal bacteria are associated with risk for the various forms of periodontitis. We hypothesized that such specificity is also …             Loss of interleukin 33 expression in colonic crypts - a potential marker for disease remission in ulcerative colitis ▶     Mona Dixon Gundersen, Rasmus Goll, Johanna Hol et al.     Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a cytokine preferentially elevated in acute ulcerative colitis (UC), inferring a role in its pathogenesis. The role of IL-33 in intestinal inflammation …             Cumulative radiation exposure from imaging procedures and associated lifetime cancer risk for patients with lymphoma ▶     Grete Fabritius, Gunnar Brix, Elke Nekolla et al.     The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the cumulative radiation exposure and the associated lifetime-cancer-risk from diagnostic imaging in patients with …             Redox enzyme-mimicking activities of CeO2 nanostructures: Intrinsic influence of exposed facets ▶     Yushi Yang, Zhou Mao, Wenjie Huang et al.     CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have been well demonstrated as an antioxidant in protecting against oxidative stress-induced cellular damages and a potential therapeutic agent for …             Selective Capture of Histidine-tagged Proteins from Cell Lysates Using TEM grids Modified with NTA-Graphene Oxide ▶     Christopher J. Benjamin, Kyle J. Wright, Scott C. Bolton et al.     We report the fabrication of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids bearing graphene oxide (GO) sheets that have been modified with Nα, Nα-dicarboxymethyllysine (NTA) and …             Colocalization of cerebral iron with Amyloid beta in Mild Cognitive Impairment ▶     J. M. G. van Bergen, X. Li, J. Hua et al.     Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) MRI at 7 Tesla and 11-Carbon Pittsburgh-Compound-B PET were used for investigating the relationship between brain iron and Amyloid beta …             Targeting of CYP17A1 Lyase by VT-464 Inhibits Adrenal and Intratumoral Androgen Biosynthesis and Tumor Growth of Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ▶     Sankar N. Maity, Mark A. Titus, Revekka Gyftaki et al.     Cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1) is a validated treatment target for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Abiraterone …             Tissue Specificity of Human Disease Module ▶     Maksim Kitsak, Amitabh Sharma, Jörg Menche et al.     Genes carrying mutations associated with genetic diseases are present in all human cells; yet, clinical manifestations of genetic diseases are usually highly tissue-specific. …             Effective gene expression in the rat dorsal root ganglia with a non-viral vector delivered via spinal nerve injection ▶     Ming-Fong Chang, Jung-Hsien Hsieh, Hao Chiang et al.     Delivering gene constructs into the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is a powerful but challenging therapeutic strategy for sensory disorders affecting the DRG and their peripheral …             Sex hormone-binding globulin regulation of androgen bioactivity in vivo: validation of the free hormone hypothesis ▶     Michaël R. Laurent, Geoffrey L. Hammond, Marco Blokland et al.     Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the high-affinity binding protein for androgens and estrogens. According to the free hormone hypothesis, SHBG modulates the bioactivity of …             Facing the partner influences exchanges in force ▶     Atsushi Takagi, Carlo Bagnato, Etienne Burdet     Many studies in psychology have documented how the behaviour of verbally communicating pairs is affected by social factors such as the partner’s gaze. However, few studies have …             cAMP-PKA-CaMKII signaling pathway is involved in aggravated cardiotoxicity during Fuzi and Beimu Combination Treatment of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension ▶     Pengwei Zhuang, Yingying Huang, Zhiqiang Lu et al.     Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) and Fritillariae Thunbergii bulbus (Beimu) have been widely used clinically to treat cardiopulmonary related diseases in China. However, …             Comprehensive transcriptional and functional analyses of melatonin synthesis genes in cassava reveal their novel role in hypersensitive-like cell death ▶     Yunxie Wei, Wei Hu, Qiannan Wang et al.     Melatonin is a widely known hormone in animals. Since melatonin was discovered in plants, more and more studies highlight its involvement in a wide range of physiological …             Mitogenomes from type specimens, a genotyping tool for morphologically simple species: ten genomes of agar-producing red algae ▶     Ga Hun Boo, Jeffery R. Hughey, Kathy Ann Miller et al.     DNA sequences from type specimens provide independent, objective characters that enhance the value of type specimens and permit the correct application of species names to …             The effects of hypoxia on the stemness properties of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) ▶     Nermeen El-Moataz Bellah Ahmed, Masashi Murakami, Satoru Kaneko et al.     Recent studies have demonstrated that culture under hypoxia has beneficial effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, there are limitations to achieving a stable …             Quantitative analysis of protease recognition by inhibitors in plasma using microscale thermophoresis ▶     T. Dau, E. V. Edeleva, S. A. I. Seidel et al.     High abundance proteins like protease inhibitors of plasma display a multitude of interactions in natural environments. Quantitative analysis of such interactions in vivo is …             Evaluation of the human adaptation of influenza A/H7N9 virus in PB2 protein using human and swine respiratory tract explant cultures ▶     Louisa L. Y. Chan, Christine T. H. Bui, Chris K. P. Mok et al.     Novel avian H7N9 virus emerged in China in 2013 resulting in a case fatality rate of around 39% and continues to pose zoonotic and pandemic risk. Amino acid substitutions in PB2 …             Corrigendum: Pre-formulation and systematic evaluation of amino acid assisted permeability of insulin across in vitro buccal cell layers ▶     Affiong Iyire, Maryam Alaayedi, Afzal R. Mohammed                 S. aureus blocks efferocytosis of neutrophils by macrophages through the activity of its virulence factor alpha toxin ▶     Taylor S. Cohen, Omari Jones-Nelson, Meghan Hotz et al.     Bacterial pneumonia, such as those caused by Staphylococcus aureus, is associated with an influx of inflammatory neutrophils into the lung tissue and airways. Regulation and …             Chimpanzee females queue but males compete for social status ▶     Steffen Foerster, Mathias Franz, Carson M. Murray et al.     Dominance hierarchies are widespread in animal social groups and often have measureable effects on individual health and reproductive success. Dominance ranks are not static …             A Conserved Structural Signature of the Homeobox Coding DNA in HOX genes ▶     Bernard Fongang, Fanping Kong, Surendra Negi et al.     The homeobox encodes a DNA-binding domain found in transcription factors regulating key developmental processes. The most notable examples of homeobox containing genes are the …             Penicillium arizonense, a new, genome sequenced fungal species, reveals a high chemical diversity in secreted metabolites ▶     Sietske Grijseels, Jens Christian Nielsen, Milica Randelovic et al.     A new soil-borne species belonging to the Penicillium section Canescentia is described, Penicillium arizonense sp. nov. (type strain CBS 141311T = IBT 12289T). The genome was …             Direct observation of redox reactions in Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330 by Confocal microscopic studies ▶     Sowmyalakshmi Venkataraman, Shoba Narayan, Anju Chadha     Confocal microscopic studies with the resting cells of yeast, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330, a reportedly versatile biocatalyst for redox enzyme mediated preparation of …             Multiplex quantification of four DNA targets in one reaction with Bio-Rad droplet digital PCR system for GMO detection ▶     David Dobnik, Dejan Štebih, Andrej Blejec et al.     The advantages of the digital PCR technology are already well documented until now. One way to achieve better cost efficiency of the technique is to use it in a multiplexing …             Climate change and the ash dieback crisis ▶     Eric Goberville, Nina-Coralie Hautekèete, Richard R. Kirby et al.     Beyond the direct influence of climate change on species distribution and phenology, indirect effects may also arise from perturbations in species interactions. Infectious …             A novel IRS-1-associated protein, DGKζ regulates GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes ▶     TingYu Liu, BuChin Yu, Mamoru Kakino et al.     Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are major targets of insulin receptor tyrosine kinases. Here we identified diacylglycerol kinase zeta (DGKζ) as an IRS-1-associated protein, …             CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of rb1 and rbl1 leads to rapid and penetrant retinoblastoma development in Xenopus tropicalis ▶     Thomas Naert, Robin Colpaert, Tom Van Nieuwenhuysen et al.     Retinoblastoma is a pediatric eye tumor in which bi-allelic inactivation of the Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene is the initiating genetic lesion. Although recently curative rates of …             Small Diameter Blood Vessels Bioengineered From Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells ▶     Renpeng Zhou, Lei Zhu, Shibo Fu et al.     Bioengineering of small-diameter blood vessels offers a promising approach to reduce the morbidity associated with coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. The aim of …             NMDA receptors in mouse anterior piriform cortex initialize early odor preference learning and L-type calcium channels engage for long-term memory ▶     Bandhan Mukherjee, Qi Yuan     The interactions of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) and NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in memories are poorly understood. Here we investigated the specific roles of anterior piriform …             Microsatellite Loci Analysis Reveals Post-bottleneck Recovery of Genetic Diversity in the Tibetan Antelope ▶     Yurong Du, Xiaoyan Zou, Yongtao Xu et al.     The Tibetan antelope (chiru, Pantholops hodgsoni) is one of the most endangered mammals native to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The population size has rapidly declined over the …             FOXA and master transcription factors recruit Mediator and Cohesin to the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry of cancer cells ▶     Michèle Fournier, Gaëlle Bourriquen, Fabien C. Lamaze et al.     Controlling the transcriptional program is essential to maintain the identity and the biological functions of a cell. The Mediator and Cohesin complexes have been established as …             The microRNA expression profile of mouse Müller glia in vivo and in vitro ▶     Stefanie G. Wohl, Thomas A. Reh     The profile of miRNAs in mature glia is not well characterized, and most studies have been done in cultured glia. In order to identify the miRNAs in adult and young (postnatal …             A nuclear-replicating viroid antagonizes infectivity and accumulation of a geminivirus by upregulating methylation-related genes and inducing hypermethylation of viral DNA ▶     Enza Maria Torchetti, Mattia Pegoraro, Beatriz Navarro et al.     DNA methylation and post-transcriptional gene silencing play critical roles in controlling infection of single-stranded (ss) DNA geminiviruses and ssRNA viroids, respectively, …             Testing the relationship between mimicry, trust and rapport in virtual reality conversations ▶     Joanna Hale, Antonia F. De C. Hamilton     People mimic each other’s actions and postures during everyday interactions. It is widely believed this mimicry acts as a social glue, leading to increased rapport. We present …             Skin-bacteria communication: Involvement of the neurohormone Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) in the regulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis virulence ▶     Awa R. N’Diaye, Camille Leclerc, Takfarinas Kentache et al.     Staphylococci can sense Substance P (SP) in skin, but this molecule is generally released by nerve terminals along with another neuropeptide, Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide …             Selective detection of viable seed-borne Acidovorax citrulli by real-time PCR with propidium monoazide ▶     Qian Tian, Jian-jun Feng, Jie Hu et al.     In recent years, use of the DNA-intercalating dye propidium monoazide (PMA) in real-time PCR has been reported as a novel method to detect viable bacteria in different types of …             A new marseillevirus isolated in Southern Brazil from Limnoperna fortunei ▶     Raíssa Nunes dos Santos, Fabrício Souza Campos, Nathalia Rammé Medeiros de Albuquerque et al.     Members of the family Marseilleviridae are giant viruses that have the ability to infect amoebas. Such viruses were initially described in 2009. Since then, this family has …             A Renal Olfactory Receptor Aids in Kidney Glucose Handling ▶     Blythe D. Shepard, Lydie Cheval, Zita Peterlin et al.     Olfactory receptors (ORs) are G protein-coupled receptors which serve important sensory functions beyond their role as odorant detectors in the olfactory epithelium. Here we …             Scent marking in Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi): novel observations close a key gap in understanding felid communication behaviours ▶     Maximilian L. Allen, Heiko U. Wittmer, Endro Setiawan et al.     Intraspecific communication is integral to the behavioural ecology of solitary carnivores, but observing and quantifying their communication behaviours in natural environments is …             A High Throughput Phenotypic Screening reveals compounds that counteract premature osteogenic differentiation of HGPS iPS-derived mesenchymal stem cells ▶     Alessandra Lo Cicero, Anne-Laure Jaskowiak, Anne-Laure Egesipe et al.     Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare fatal genetic disorder that causes systemic accelerated aging in children. Thanks to the pluripotency and self-renewal …             Explicating heterogeneity of complex traits has strong potential for improving GWAS efficiency ▶     Alexander M. Kulminski, Yury Loika, Irina Culminskaya et al.     Common strategy of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) relying on large samples faces difficulties, which raise concerns that GWAS have exhausted their potential, particularly …             Ethylene and hydrogen peroxide are involved in brassinosteroid-induced salt tolerance in tomato ▶     Tong Zhu, Xingguang Deng, Xue Zhou et al.     Crosstalk between phytohormone pathways is essential in plant growth, development and stress responses. Brassinosteroids (BRs) and ethylene are both pivotal plant growth …             Characterization of factors underlying the metabolic shifts in developing kernels of colored maize ▶     Chaoyang Hu, Quanlin Li, Xuefang Shen et al.     Elucidation of the metabolic pathways determining pigmentation and their underlying regulatory mechanisms in maize kernels is of high importance in attempts to improve the …             Non-random pairing of CD46 isoforms with skewing towards BC2 and C2 in activated and memory/effector T cells ▶     Aida S. Hansen, Bettina B. Bundgaard, Bjarne K. Møller et al.     CD46 is a glycoprotein with important functions in innate and adaptive immune responses. Functionally different isoforms are generated by alternative splicing at exons 7–9 (BC …             The distribution of carotenoids in hens fed on biofortified maize is influenced by feed composition, absorption, resource allocation and storage ▶     Jose Antonio Moreno, Joana Díaz-Gómez, Carmina Nogareda et al.     Carotenoids are important dietary nutrients with health-promoting effects. The biofortification of staple foods with carotenoids provides an efficient delivery strategy but …             Comparative virulence studies and transcriptome analysis of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from animals ▶     Zahid Iqbal, Mohamed N. Seleem, Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain et al.     Several studies have been conducted to check the prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in animals and animal-derived food products but …             Soil microbial C:N ratio is a robust indicator of soil productivity for paddy fields ▶     Yong Li, Jinshui Wu, Jianlin Shen et al.     Maintaining good soil productivity in rice paddies is important for global food security. Numerous methods have been developed to evaluate paddy soil productivity (PSP), most …             Inclination not force is sensed by plants during shoot gravitropism ▶     Hugo Chauvet, Olivier Pouliquen, Yoël Forterre et al.     Gravity perception plays a key role in how plants develop and adapt to environmental changes. However, more than a century after the pioneering work of Darwin, little is known on …             Prognostic value of platelet to lymphocyte ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis ▶     Wencong Ma, Ping Zhang, Jun Qi et al.     This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A comprehensive literature search for relevant …             In vivo dendritic cell targeting cellular vaccine induces CD4+ Tfh cell-dependent antibody against influenza virus ▶     Satoru Yamasaki, Kanako Shimizu, Kohei Kometani et al.     An induction of long-term cellular and humoral immunity is for the goal of vaccines, but the combination of antigens and adjuvant remain unclear. Here, we show, using a cellular …             Allosteric communication pathways routed by Ca2+/Mg2+ exchange in GCAP1 selectively switch target regulation modes ▶     Valerio Marino, Daniele Dell’Orco     GCAP1 is a neuronal calcium sensor protein that regulates the phototransduction cascade in vertebrates by switching between activator and inhibitor of the target guanylate …             The bornavirus-derived human protein EBLN1 promotes efficient cell cycle transit, microtubule organisation and genome stability ▶     Katie N. Myers, Giancarlo Barone, Anil Ganesh et al.     It was recently discovered that vertebrate genomes contain multiple endogenised nucleotide sequences derived from the non-retroviral RNA bornavirus. Strikingly, some of these …             Smooth muscle cell-specific Tgfbr1 deficiency promotes aortic aneurysm formation by stimulating multiple signaling events ▶     Pu Yang, Bradley M. Schmit, Chunhua Fu et al.     Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling disorder has emerged as a common molecular signature for aortic aneurysm development. The timing of postnatal maturation plays a key …             Fabrication of a silver particle-integrated silicone polymer-covered metal stent against sludge and biofilm formation and stent-induced tissue inflammation ▶     Tae Hoon Lee, Bong Seok Jang, Min Kyo Jung et al.     To reduce tissue or tumor ingrowth, covered self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) have been developed. The effectiveness of covered SEMSs may be attenuated by sludge or stone …             Line-scanning Brillouin microscopy for rapid non-invasive mechanical imaging ▶     Jitao Zhang, Antonio Fiore, Seok-Hyun Yun et al.     Brillouin spectroscopy probes the mechanical properties of material by measuring the optical frequency shift induced by photon-phonon scattering interactions. In traditional …             Senescence Mediated by p16INK4a Impedes Reprogramming of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells into Neural Crest Progenitors ▶     Wen-Juan Lu, Scheffer C. G. Tseng, Shuangling Chen et al.     Human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) have limited proliferative capacity due to “contact-inhibition” at G1 phase. Such contact-inhibition can be delayed from Day 21 to Day 42 …             The Effects of High-fat-diet Combined with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress on Depression-like Behavior and Leptin/LepRb in Male Rats ▶     Jin Ling Yang, De Xiang Liu, Hong Jiang et al.     Leptin plays a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity and depression via the long form of leptin receptor (LepRb). An animal model of comorbid obesity and depression induced by …             Multiparametric MRI-based differentiation of WHO grade II/III glioma and WHO grade IV glioblastoma ▶     Benedikt Wiestler, Anne Kluge, Mathias Lukas et al.     Non-invasive, imaging-based examination of glioma biology has received increasing attention in the past couple of years. To this end, the development and refinement of novel MRI …             Decrease in pH destabilizes individual vault nanocages by weakening the inter-protein lateral interaction ▶     Aida Llauró, Pablo Guerra, Ravi Kant et al.     Vault particles are naturally occurring proteinaceous cages with promising application as molecular containers. The use of vaults as functional transporters requires a profound …             NMR based serum metabolomics reveals a distinctive signature in patients with Lupus Nephritis ▶     Anupam Guleria, Avadhesh Pratap, Durgesh Dubey et al.     Management of patient with Lupus Nephritis (LN) continues to remain a challenge for the treating physicians because of considerable morbidity and even mortality. The search of …             Corrigendum: The characterization of an intestine-like genomic signature maintained during Barrett’s-associated adenocarcinogenesis reveals an NR5A2-mediated promotion of cancer cell survival ▶     Shane P. Duggan, Fiona M. Behan, Murat Kirca et al.                 A Paradoxical Evolutionary Mechanism in Stochastically Switching Environments ▶     Kang Hao Cheong, Zong Xuan Tan, Neng-gang Xie et al.     Organisms with environmental sensors that guide survival are considered more likely to be favored by natural selection if they possess more accurate sensors. In this paper, we …             Self-Other Distinction Enhanced Empathic Responses in Individuals with Alexithymia ▶     Natsuki Saito, Takemasa Yokoyama, Hideki Ohira     Although empathy is important for social interactions, individuals with alexithymia have low empathic ability, particularly where advanced empathy is concerned (empathic concern, …             Non-destructive determination of Malondialdehyde (MDA) distribution in oilseed rape leaves by laboratory scale NIR hyperspectral imaging ▶     Wenwen Kong, Fei Liu, Chu Zhang et al.     The feasibility of hyperspectral imaging with 400–1000 nm was investigated to detect malondialdehyde (MDA) content in oilseed rape leaves under herbicide stress. After comparing …             FUS/TLS acts as an aggregation-dependent modifier of polyglutamine disease model mice ▶     Yoshihiro Kino, Chika Washizu, Masaru Kurosawa et al.     FUS/TLS is an RNA/DNA-binding protein associated with neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Previously, we …             Associations of the calcium-sensing receptor gene CASR rs7652589 SNP with nephrolithiasis and secondary hyperparathyroidism in haemodialysis patients ▶     Alicja E. Grzegorzewska, Mateusz Paciorkowski, Adrianna Mostowska et al.     Nephrolithiasis, secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT), and cardiovascular complications are associated with disturbances in Ca handling and contribute to morbidity/mortality …             Lipidomic Profiling of Lung Pleural Effusion Identifies Unique Metabotype for EGFR Mutants in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer ▶     Ying Swan Ho, Lian Yee Yip, Nurhidayah Basri et al.     Cytology and histology forms the cornerstone for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but obtaining sufficient tumour cells or tissue biopsies for these tests …             Multimodal imaging of a humanized orthotopic model of hepatocellular carcinoma in immunodeficient mice ▶     Tao Wu, Emilie Heuillard, Véronique Lindner et al.     The development of multimodal strategies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma requires tractable animal models allowing for advanced in vivo imaging. Here, we …             High-resolution crystal structure of the therapeutic antibody pembrolizumab bound to the human PD-1 ▶     Shoichiro Horita, Yayoi Nomura, Yumi Sato et al.     Pembrolizumab is an FDA-approved therapeutic antibody that targets the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) to block the immune checkpoint pathway for the treatment of various types of …             In Silico Evaluation of the Impacts of Quorum Sensing Inhibition (QSI) on Strain Competition and Development of QSI Resistance ▶     Guopeng Wei, Chieh Lo, Connor Walsh et al.     As understanding of bacterial regulatory systems and pathogenesis continues to increase, QSI has been a major focus of research. However, recent studies have shown that …             Genomic evidence for plant-parasitic nematodes as the earliest Wolbachia hosts ▶     Amanda M. V. Brown, Sulochana K. Wasala, Dana K. Howe et al.     Wolbachia, one of the most widespread endosymbionts, is a target for biological control of mosquito-borne diseases (malaria and dengue virus), and antibiotic elimination of …             The contribution of major histocompatibility complex contacts to the affinity and kinetics of T cell receptor binding ▶     Hao Zhang, Hong-Sheng Lim, Berhard Knapp et al.     The interaction between the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and antigenic peptide in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is a crucial step in T cell …             Novelty during a late postacquisition time window attenuates the persistence of fear memory ▶     Cynthia Katche, Micol Tomaiuolo, Guido Dorman et al.     Learning to avoid threats in the environment is highly adaptive. However, sometimes a dysregulation of fear memories processing may underlie fear-related disorders. Despite …             Structural basis for ligand recognition by a Cache chemosensory domain that mediates carboxylate sensing in Pseudomonas syringae ▶     Jodi L. Brewster, James L. O. McKellar, Thomas J. Finn et al.     Chemoreceptors enable bacteria to detect chemical signals in the environment and navigate towards niches that are favourable for survival. The sensor domains of chemoreceptors …             Early neuroimaging markers of FOXP2 intragenic deletion ▶     Frédérique J. Liégeois, Michael S. Hildebrand, Alexandra Bonthrone et al.     FOXP2 is the major gene associated with severe, persistent, developmental speech and language disorders. While studies in the original family in which a FOXP2 mutation was found …             3Disease Browser: A Web server for integrating 3D genome and disease-associated chromosome rearrangement data ▶     Ruifeng Li, Yifang Liu, Tingting Li et al.     Chromosomal rearrangement (CR) events have been implicated in many tumor and non-tumor human diseases. CR events lead to their associated diseases by disrupting gene and protein …             Study of corneal epithelial progenitor origin and the Yap1 requirement using keratin 12 lineage tracing transgenic mice ▶     Ramesh Babu Kasetti, Subhash Gaddipati, Shifu Tian et al.     Key issues in corneal epithelium biology are the mechanism for corneal epithelium stem cells to maintain the corneal epithelial homeostasis and wound healing responses, and what …             MicroRNA miR-204 and miR-1236 inhibit hepatitis B virus replication via two different mechanisms ▶     Jyun-Yuan Huang, Hung-Lin Chen, Chiaho Shih     Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major human pathogen. In this study, we found that miR-204 and miR-1236 were down-regulated in HBV-producing cells, and each could suppress HBV …             A novel microbe-based treatment that attenuates the inflammatory profile in a mouse model of allergic airway disease ▶     Mark Bazett, Agnieszka Biala, Ryan D. Huff et al.     There is an unmet need for effective new and innovative treatments for asthma. It is becoming increasingly evident that bacterial stimulation can have beneficial effects at …             The anticonvulsant retigabine suppresses neuronal KV2-mediated currents ▶     Jeroen I. Stas, Elke Bocksteins, Camilla S. Jensen et al.     Enhancement of neuronal M-currents, generated through KV7.2-KV7.5 channels, has gained much interest for its potential in developing treatments for hyperexcitability-related …             Growth Arrest Specific 2 (GAS2) is a Critical Mediator of Germ Cell Cyst Breakdown and Folliculogenesis in Mice ▶     J. Philippe York, Yi Athena Ren, Jie Zeng et al.     In the mouse ovary, the primordial follicle pool is established through a diverse array of signaling pathways and tissue remodeling events. Growth arrest specific gene two (GAS2) …             A proteogenomic approach for protein-level evidence of genomic variants in cancer cells ▶     Jeonghun Yeom, Mohammad Humayun Kabir, Byungho Lim et al.     Variations in protein coding sequence may sometimes play important roles in cancer development. However, since variants may not express into proteins due to various cellular …             Development of a one-pot assay for screening and identification of Mur pathway inhibitors in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ▶     Kandasamy Eniyan, Anuradha Kumar, Geetha Vani Rayasam et al.     The cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) consists of peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan and mycolic acids. The cytoplasmic steps in the peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway, …             Haemocoel injection of PirA1B1 to Galleria mellonella larvae leads to disruption of the haemocyte immune functions ▶     Gongqing Wu, Yunhong Yi     The bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens produces a number of insecticidal proteins to kill its larval prey. In this study, we cloned the gene coding for a binary toxin PirA1B1 and …             Depletion of ribosomal protein S19 causes a reduction of rRNA synthesis ▶     Giada Juli, Angelo Gismondi, Valentina Monteleone et al.     Ribosome biogenesis plays key roles in cell growth by providing increased capacity for protein synthesis. It requires coordinated production of ribosomal proteins (RP) and …             Characterization of a Ran gene from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici involved in fungal growth and anti-cell death ▶     Yulin Cheng, Juanni Yao, Yanru Zhang et al.     Ran, an important family of small GTP-binding proteins, has been shown to regulate a variety of important cellular processes in many eukaryotes. However, little is known about …             Language/Culture Modulates Brain and Gaze Processes in Audiovisual Speech Perception ▶     Satoko Hisanaga, Kaoru Sekiyama, Tomohiko Igasaki et al.     Several behavioural studies have shown that the interplay between voice and face information in audiovisual speech perception is not universal. Native English speakers (ESs) are …             The Role of PIK3CA Mutations among Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with Primary and Acquired Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition ▶     Shang-Gin Wu, Yih-Leong Chang, Chong-Jen Yu et al.     To understand the impact of PIK3CA mutations on clinical characteristics and treatment response to epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) of lung …             Effects of aged garlic extract and FruArg on gene expression and signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-activated microglial cells ▶     Hailong Song, Yuan Lu, Zhe Qu et al.     Aged garlic extract (AGE) is widely used as a dietary supplement on account of its protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation. But less is known about specific …             Bacterial intra-species gene loss occurs in a largely clocklike manner mostly within a pool of less conserved and constrained genes ▶     Evgeni Bolotin, Ruth Hershberg     Gene loss is a major contributor to the evolution of bacterial gene content. Gene loss may occur as a result of shifts in environment leading to changes in the intensity and/or …             Cellular uptake of a cystine-knot peptide and modulation of its intracellular trafficking ▶     Xinxin Gao, Karen Stanger, Harini Kaluarachchi et al.     Cyclotides or cyclic cystine-knot peptides have emerged as a promising class of pharmacological ligands that modulate protein function. Interestingly, very few cyclotides have …             Microenvironment complexity and matrix stiffness regulate breast cancer cell activity in a 3D in vitro model ▶     Marta Cavo, Marco Fato, Leonardo Peñuela et al.     Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures represent fundamental tools for the comprehension of cellular phenomena both in normal and in pathological conditions. In particular, …             The thalamo-cortical complex network correlates of chronic pain ▶     Antonio G. Zippo, Maurizio Valente, Gian Carlo Caramenti et al.     Chronic pain (CP) is a condition with a large repertory of clinical signs and symptoms with diverse expressions. Though widely analyzed, an appraisal at the level of single …             Fitness costs associated with building and maintaining the burying beetle’s carrion nest ▶     Ornela De Gasperin, Ana Duarte, Jolyon Troscianko et al.     It is well-known that features of animal nest architecture can be explained by fitness benefits gained by the offspring housed within. Here we focus on the little-tested …             Prioritizing cancer-related microRNAs by integrating microRNA and mRNA datasets ▶     Daeyong Jin, Hyunju Lee     MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating the expression of target genes, and they are involved in cancer initiation and progression. Even though many …             Corrigendum: TNFR2 expression by CD4 effector T cells is required to induce full-fledged experimental colitis ▶     Xin Chen, Yingjie Nie, Haitao Xiao et al.                 An Optogenetic Demonstration of Motor Modularity in the Mammalian Spinal Cord ▶     Vittorio Caggiano, Vincent C. K. Cheung, Emilio Bizzi     Motor modules are neural entities hypothesized to be building blocks of movement construction. How motor modules are underpinned by neural circuits has remained obscured. As a …             The mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator, SAR218645, improves memory and attention deficits in translational models of cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia ▶     Guy Griebel, Philippe Pichat, Denis Boulay et al.     Normalization of altered glutamate neurotransmission through activation of the mGluR2 has emerged as a new approach to treat schizophrenia. These studies describe a potent brain …             Combined Transcriptomics and Chemical-Genetics Reveal Molecular Mode of Action of Valproic acid, an Anticancer Molecule using Budding Yeast Model ▶     Upendarrao Golla, Deepthi Joseph, Raghuvir Singh Tomar     Valproic acid (VA) is a pharmacologically important histone deacetylase inhibitor that recently garnered attention as an anticancer agent. Since the molecular mechanisms behind …             Assembling the Setaria italica L. Beauv. genome into nine chromosomes and insights into regions affecting growth and drought tolerance ▶     Kevin J. Tsai, Mei-Yeh Jade Lu, Kai-Jung Yang et al.     The diploid C4 plant foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.) is an important crop in many parts of Africa and Asia for the vast consumption of its grain and ability to grow in …             SOXE neofunctionalization and elaboration of the neural crest during chordate evolution ▶     Andrew Tai, Martin Cheung, Yong-Heng Huang et al.     During chordate evolution, two genome-wide duplications facilitated acquisition of vertebrate traits, including emergence of neural crest cells (NCCs), in which …             Dual-targeting anti-angiogenic cyclic peptides as potential drug leads for cancer therapy ▶     Lai Yue Chan, David J. Craik, Norelle L. Daly     Peptide analogues derived from bioactive hormones such as somatostatin or certain growth factors have great potential as angiogenesis inhibitors for cancer applications. In an …             Identification of Comamonas testosteroni as an androgen degrader in sewage ▶     Yi-Lung Chen, Chia-Hsiang Wang, Fu-Chun Yang et al.     Numerous studies have reported the masculinization of freshwater wildlife exposed to androgens in polluted rivers. Microbial degradation is a crucial mechanism for eliminating …             Molecular evolution of a widely-adopted taxonomic marker (COI) across the animal tree of life ▶     Mikko Pentinsaari, Heli Salmela, Marko Mutanen et al.     DNA barcodes are widely used for identification and discovery of species. While such use draws on information at the DNA level, the current amassment of ca. 4.7 million COI …             Effects of light acclimation on shoot morphology, structure, and biomass allocation of two Taxus species in southwestern China ▶     Wande Liu, Jianrong Su     Acclimation to changing light conditions plays a crucial role in determining the competitive capability of tree species. There is currently limited information about acclimation …             Metabolomics approach reveals metabolic disorders and potential biomarkers associated with the developmental toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A and tetrachlorobisphenol A ▶     Guozhu Ye, Yajie Chen, Hong-ou Wang et al.     Tetrabromobisphenol A and tetrachlorobisphenol A are halogenated bisphenol A (H-BPA), and has raised concerns about their adverse effects on the development of fetuses and …             Evaluation of five microbial and four mitochondrial DNA markers for tracking human and pig fecal pollution in freshwater ▶     Xiwei He, Peng Liu, Guolu Zheng et al.     This study systematically evaluated five microbial and four mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers, including sensitivities and specificities under PCR method, and fecal …             Rapid Detection of Necrosis in Breast Cancer with Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry ▶     Alessandra Tata, Michael Woolman, Manuela Ventura et al.     Identification of necrosis in tumors is of prognostic value in treatment planning, as necrosis is associated with aggressive forms of cancer and unfavourable outcomes. To …             Lipocalin 2 prevents intestinal inflammation by enhancing phagocytic bacterial clearance in macrophages ▶     Takahiko Toyonaga, Minoru Matsuura, Kiyoshi Mori et al.     Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), also called neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin (NGAL), is an anti-microbial peptide originally identified in neutrophil granules. Although Lcn2/NGAL …             TRPV1 dysfunction in cystinosis patients harboring the homozygous 57 kb deletion ▶     L. Buntinx, T. Voets, B. Morlion et al.     Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by lysosomal cystine accumulation due to loss of function of the lysosomal cystine transporter (CTNS). The most …             Pseudo-Mannosylated DC-SIGN Ligands as Immunomodulants ▶     Angela Berzi, Stefania Ordanini, Ben Joosten et al.     DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin mainly expressed by DCs, mediates antigen uptake and can induce specific immune responses, depending on the ligand involved. Owing to these properties, …             Thermal signatures of voluntary deception in ecological conditions ▶     Maria Serena Panasiti, Daniela Cardone, Enea F. Pavone et al.     Deception is a pervasive phenomenon that greatly influences dyadic, groupal and societal interactions. Behavioural, physiological and neural signatures of this phenomenon have …             Soybean-derived Bowman-Birk Inhibitor (BBI) Inhibits HIV Replication in Macrophages ▶     Tong-Cui Ma, Run-Hong Zhou, Xu Wang et al.     The Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), a soybean-derived protease inhibitor, is known to have anti-inflammatory effect in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Macrophages play a key role …             Cloning and in vitro characterization of a Schistosoma japonicum aquaglyceroporin that functions in osmoregulation ▶     Yuzheng Huang, Wei Li, Wuguang Lu et al.     As one of the three major human pathogens that cause schistosomiasis, Schistosoma japonicum is the only one that is endemic in China. Despite great progress on schistosomiasis …             The fecal microbiota as a biomarker for disease activity in Crohn’s disease ▶     Danyta. I. Tedjo, Agnieszka Smolinska, Paul H. Savelkoul et al.     Monitoring mucosal inflammation is crucial to prevent complications and disease progression in Crohn’s disease (CD). Endoscopy is the current standard, but is invasive. Clinical …             Lysozyme and bilirubin bind to ACE and regulate its conformation and shedding ▶     Sergei M. Danilov, Heinrich Lünsdorf, Henry T. Akinbi et al.     Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) hydrolyzes numerous peptides and is a critical participant in blood pressure regulation and vascular remodeling. Elevated tissue ACE levels …             Graphlet-based Characterization of Directed Networks ▶     Anida Sarajlić, Noël Malod-Dognin, Ömer Nebil Yaveroğlu et al.     We are flooded with large-scale, dynamic, directed, networked data. Analyses requiring exact comparisons between networks are computationally intractable, so new methodologies …             Longer latency of sensory response to intravenous odor injection predicts olfactory neural disorder ▶     Shu Kikuta, Yu Matsumoto, Akihito Kuboki et al.     A near loss of smell may result from conductive and/or neural olfactory disorders. However, an olfactory test to selectively detect neural disorders has not been established. We …             Network diffusion-based analysis of high-throughput data for the detection of differentially enriched modules ▶     Matteo Bersanelli, Ettore Mosca, Daniel Remondini et al.     A relation exists between network proximity of molecular entities in interaction networks, functional similarity and association with diseases. The identification of network …             Multilevel selection of bcrABDR-mediated bacitracin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis from chicken farms ▶     Mu-Ya Chen, Felipe Lira, Hua-Qing Liang et al.     In this study we isolated 109 Enterococcus faecalis from chicken faecal samples in 6 provinces of China to investigate the prevalence and transmission mechanism of the bacitracin …             The interplay between genetic and bioelectrical signaling permits a spatial regionalisation of membrane potentials in model multicellular ensembles ▶     Javier Cervera, Salvador Meseguer, Salvador Mafe     The single cell-centred approach emphasises ion channels as specific proteins that determine individual properties, disregarding their contribution to multicellular outcomes. We …             Transcriptional regulation by normal epithelium of premalignant to malignant progression in Barrett’s esophagus ▶     Jia Zeng, Laimonas Kelbauskas, Aida Rezaie et al.     In carcinogenesis, intercellular interactions within and between cell types are critical but remain poorly understood. We present a study on intercellular interactions between …             Control of ADAM17 activity by regulation of its cellular localisation ▶     Inken Lorenzen, Juliane Lokau, Yvonne Korpys et al.     An important, irreversible step in many signalling pathways is the shedding of membrane-anchored proteins. A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM) 17 is one of the major …             Protein-dependent Membrane Interaction of A Partially Disordered Protein Complex with Oleic Acid: Implications for Cancer Lipidomics ▶     Arunima Chaudhuri, Xavier Prasanna, Priyanka Agiru et al.     Bovine α-lactalbumin (BLA) forms cytotoxic complexes with oleic acid (OA) that perturbs tumor cell membranes, but molecular determinants of these membrane-interactions remain …             Evaluation of Cochlear Implant Candidates using a Non-linguistic Spectrotemporal Modulation Detection Test ▶     Ji Eun Choi, Sung Hwa Hong, Jong Ho Won et al.     Adults who score 50% correct or less in open-set sentence recognition test under the best aided listening condition may be considered as candidates for cochlear implant (CI). …             Efficacy of PIVKA-II in prediction and early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a nested case-control study in Chinese patients ▶     Rentao Yu, Xiaomei Xiang, Zhaoxia Tan et al.     Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unsatisfying due to a lack of early detecting methods. Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) has …             Vagus Nerve Stimulation Alters Phase Synchrony of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Facilitates Decision Making in Rats ▶     Bing Cao, Jun Wang, Mahadi Shahed et al.     Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can enhance memory and cognitive functions in both rats and humans. Studies have shown that VNS influenced decision-making in epileptic patients. …             Programmable Real-time Clinical Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging System ▶     Jeesu Kim, Sara Park, Yuhan Jung et al.     Photoacoustic imaging has attracted interest for its capacity to capture functional spectral information with high spatial and temporal resolution in biological tissues. Several …             Ultrastructure of compacted DNA in cyanobacteria by high-voltage cryo-electron tomography ▶     Kazuyoshi Murata, Sayuri Hagiwara, Yoshitaka Kimori et al.     Some cyanobacteria exhibit compaction of DNA in synchrony with their circadian rhythms accompanying cell division. Since the structure is transient, it has not yet been described …             DNA methyltransferases and stress-related genes expression in zebrafish larvae after exposure to heat and copper during reprogramming of DNA methylation ▶     Jennifer Dorts, Elodie Falisse, Emilie Schoofs et al.     DNA methylation, a well-studied epigenetic mark, is important for gene regulation in adulthood and for development. Using genetic and epigenetic approaches, the present study …             Intraarticular overexpression of Smad7 ameliorates experimental arthritis ▶     Shih-Yao Chen, Ai-Li Shiau, Chao-Liang Wu et al.     Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are autoimmune disorders with a crosstalk between their pathogenesis such as increased expression of TNF in the target organs. …             A humanized mouse model for sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum sexual stages and in vivo evaluation of gametocytidal drugs ▶     Yoann Duffier, Audrey Lorthiois, Pau Cisteró et al.     The development of new drugs to disrupt malaria transmission requires the establishment of an in vivo model to address the biology of Plasmodium falciparum sexual stages …             Ovarian transcriptomic study reveals the differential regulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs related to fecundity in different sheep ▶     Xiangyang Miao, Qingmiao Luo, Huijing Zhao et al.     miRNAs and lncRNAs, which represent one of the most highly expressed classes of ncRNAs in development, are attracting increasing interest. A variety of regulators is considered …             Exercise Training Alleviates Hypoxia-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Lymphocytes of Sedentary Males ▶     Hsing-Hua Tsai, Shao-Chiang Chang, Cheng-Hsien Chou et al.     This study elucidates how interval and continuous exercise regimens affect the mitochondrial functionality of lymphocytes under hypoxic stress. Sixty healthy sedentary males were …             mTOR is critical for intestinal T-cell homeostasis and resistance to Citrobacter rodentium ▶     Xingguang Lin, Jialong Yang, Jinli Wang et al.     T-cells play an important role in promoting mucosal immunity against pathogens, but the mechanistic basis for their homeostasis in the intestine is still poorly understood. We …             Identification, Distribution and Population Dynamics of Francisella-like Endosymbiont in Haemaphysalis doenitzi (Acari: Ixodidae) ▶     Jian-Nan Liu, Zhi-Jun Yu, Li-Meng Liu et al.     Francisella-like endosymbionts (FLEs) with significant homology to Francisella tularensis (γ-proteobacteria) have been characterized in several tick species, whereas knowledge on …             Hydroxysafflor yellow A alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in hyperlipidemic animals through the suppression of TLR4 signaling ▶     Dan Han, Jie Wei, Rui Zhang et al.     Hyperlipidemia aggravates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury through stimulating excessive inflammatory response. Therefore, blockade of inflammatory signal is a …             Differing Behavioural Responses of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and MED to Cabbage Damaged by Conspecifics and Heterospecifics ▶     Hailong Kong, Yang Zeng, Wen Xie et al.     The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a serious pest with an extensive host range. Previous research has shown that B. tabaci is a species complex with many cryptic species or biotypes …             Regulation of actin catch-slip bonds with a RhoA-formin module ▶     Cho-yin Lee, Jizhong Lou, Kuo-Kuang Wen et al.     The dynamic turnover of the actin cytoskeleton is regulated cooperatively by force and biochemical signaling. We previously demonstrated that actin depolymerization under force …             Quantification and Characterization of UVB-Induced Mitochondrial Fragmentation in Normal Primary Human Keratinocytes ▶     Romain Jugé, Josselin Breugnot, Célia Da Silva et al.     UV irradiation is a major environmental factor causing skin dryness, aging and cancer. UVB in particular triggers cumulative DNA damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial …             An essential developmental function for murine phosphoglycolate phosphatase in safeguarding cell proliferation ▶     Gabriela Segerer, Kerstin Hadamek, Matthias Zundler et al.     Mammalian phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP) is thought to target phosphoglycolate, a 2-deoxyribose fragment derived from the repair of oxidative DNA lesions. However, the …             Selective resource allocation may promote a sex ratio in pollinator fig wasps more beneficial for the host tree ▶     Zhao-Tian Li, Yan-Qiong Peng, Xiao-Lan Wen et al.     Mutualisms play a key role in most ecosystems, yet the mechanisms that prevent overexploitation of the mutualistic relationship are still poorly understood. In the mutualism …             Variability in development of the striped rice borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), due to instar number and last instar duration ▶     Guang-Hua Luo, Jing Yao, Qiong Yang et al.     The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is an important insect pest of rice which shows substantial variation in developmental duration among individuals. This …             TRPM2 regulates TXNIP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation via interaction with p47 phox under high glucose in human monocytic cells ▶     Hisa Hui Ling Tseng, Chi Teng Vong, Yiu Wa Kwan et al.     Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by hyperglycemia increased the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which contributes to the pathogenesis of …             Motivational context for response inhibition influences proactive involvement of attention ▶     Zachary D. Langford, Hanne Schevernels, C. Nico Boehler     Motoric inhibition is ingrained in human cognition and implicated in pervasive neurological diseases and disorders. The present electroencephalographic (EEG) study investigated …             A novel bio-mimicking, planar nano-edge microelectrode enables enhanced long-term neural recording ▶     Pierre Wijdenes, Hasan Ali, Ryden Armstrong et al.     Our inability to accurately monitor individual neurons and their synaptic activity precludes fundamental understanding of brain function under normal and various pathological …             Identification of lipoxygenase (LOX) genes from legumes and their responses in wild type and cultivated peanut upon Aspergillus flavus infection ▶     Hui Song, Pengfei Wang, Changsheng Li et al.     Lipoxygenase (LOX) genes are widely distributed in plants and play crucial roles in resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Although they have been characterized in various …             Neuroprotective Effects of 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone on Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons in MPP+-treated Monkeys ▶     Jingjing He, Zheng Xiang, Xiaoqing Zhu et al.     Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one common neurodegenerative disease caused by a significant loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Previous reports showed that 7, 8- …             Whole Chromosome Instability induces senescence and promotes SASP ▶     Grasiella Angelina Andriani, Vinnycius Pereira Almeida, Francesca Faggioli et al.     Age-related accumulation of ploidy changes is associated with decreased expression of genes controlling chromosome segregation and cohesin functions. To determine the …             Protein N-glycosylation and N-glycan trimming are required for postembryonic development of the pest beetle Tribolium castaneum ▶     Tomasz Walski, Els J. M. Van Damme, Nicolas Smargiasso et al.     In holometabolous insects the transition from larva to adult requires a complete body reorganization and relies on N-glycosylated proteins. N-glycosylation is an important …             Tetrameric structure of the restriction DNA glycosylase R.PabI in complex with nonspecific double-stranded DNA ▶     Delong Wang, Ken-ichi Miyazono, Masaru Tanokura     R.PabI is a type II restriction enzyme that recognizes the 5′-GTAC-3′ sequence and belongs to the HALFPIPE superfamily. Although most restriction enzymes cleave phosphodiester …             Role of the pH in state-dependent blockade of hERG currents ▶     Yibo Wang, Jiqing Guo, Laura L. Perissinotti et al.     Mutations that reduce inactivation of the voltage-gated Kv11.1 potassium channel (hERG) reduce binding for a number of blockers. State specific block of the inactivated state of …             Islet-like organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells efficiently function in the glucose responsiveness in vitro and in vivo ▶     Youngjin Kim, Hyeongseok Kim, Ung Hyun Ko et al.     Insulin secretion is elaborately modulated in pancreatic ß cells within islets of three-dimensional (3D) structures. Using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to develop …             Purification and characterization of a novel phloretin-2′-O-glycosyltransferase favoring phloridzin biosynthesis ▶     Tingjing Zhang, Jianqiang Liang, Panxue Wang et al.     Phloretin-2′-O-glycosyltransferase (P2′GT) catalyzes the last glycosylation step in the biosynthesis of phloridzin that contributes to the flavor, color and health benefits of …             Nitric oxide participates in plant flowering repression by ascorbate ▶     Rajendran Senthil Kumar, Chin-Hui Shen, Pei-Yin Wu et al.     In Oncidium, redox homeostasis involved in flowering is mainly due to ascorbic acid (AsA). Here, we discovered that Oncidium floral repression is caused by an increase in …             Aberrant Splicing Promotes Proteasomal Degradation of L-type CaV1.2 Calcium Channels by Competitive Binding for CaVβ Subunits in Cardiac Hypertrophy ▶     Zhenyu Hu, Jiong-Wei Wang, Dejie Yu et al.     Decreased expression and activity of CaV1.2 calcium channels has been reported in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the underlying …             Parental vitamin deficiency affects the embryonic gene expression of immune-, lipid transport- and apolipoprotein genes ▶     Kaja H. Skjærven, Lars Martin Jakt, John Arne Dahl et al.     World Health Organization is concerned for parental vitamin deficiency and its effect on offspring health. This study examines the effect of a marginally dietary-induced parental …             CD200R/Foxp3-mediated signalling regulates microglial activation ▶     Min-Hee Yi, Enji Zhang, Jwa-Jin Kim et al.     The heterogeneity of microglial functions have either beneficial or detrimental roles in specific physiological or pathological environments. However, the details of what …             Early Miocene amber inclusions from Mexico reveal antiquity of mangrove-associated copepods ▶     Rony Huys, Eduardo Suárez-Morales, María de Lourdes Serrano-Sánchez et al.     Copepods are aquatic microcrustaceans and represent the most abundant metazoans on Earth, outnumbering insects and nematode worms. Their position of numerical world predominance …             FUS interacts with nuclear matrix-associated protein SAFB1 as well as Matrin3 to regulate splicing and ligand-mediated transcription ▶     Atsushi Yamaguchi, Keisuke Takanashi     FUS (Fused-in-Sarcoma) is a multifunctional DNA/RNA binding protein linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). Since FUS is localized …             A long-acting GH receptor antagonist through fusion to GH binding protein ▶     Ian R. Wilkinson, Sarbendra L. Pradhananga, Rowena Speak et al.     Acromegaly is a human disease of growth hormone (GH) excess with considerable morbidity and increased mortality. Somatostatin analogues are first line medical treatment but the …             A Novel Computer-Assisted Approach to evaluate Multicellular Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay ▶     Liliana R. Cisneros Castillo, Andrei-Dumitru Oancea, Christian Stüllein et al.     Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) embedded in a matrix are re-emerging as a powerful alternative to monolayer-based cultures. The primary information gained from a …             Leukocyte trafficking-associated vascular adhesion protein 1 is expressed and functionally active in atherosclerotic plaques ▶     Johanna M. U. Silvola, Helena Virtanen, Riikka Siitonen et al.     Given the important role of inflammation and the potential association of the leukocyte trafficking-associated adhesion molecule vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) with …             Purine and pyrimidine metabolism: Convergent evidence on chronic antidepressant treatment response in mice and humans ▶     Dong Ik Park, Carine Dournes, Inge Sillaber et al.     Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used drugs for the treatment of psychiatric diseases including major depressive disorder (MDD). For unknown reasons a …             Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping as a strategy to reduce proteolytic cleavage of ataxin-3 ▶     Lodewijk J. A. Toonen, Iris Schmidt, Martijn S. Luijsterburg et al.     Spinocerebellar ataxia type-3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine repeat expansion in the ataxin-3 protein. Cleavage of mutant ataxin-3 by …             M1/M2-macrophage phenotypes regulate renal calcium oxalate crystal development ▶     Kazumi Taguchi, Atsushi Okada, Shuzo Hamamoto et al.     In our previous report, M2-macrophage (Mφs) deficient mice showed increased renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation; however, the role of Mφs-related-cytokines and …             Thapsigargin sensitizes human esophageal cancer to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via AMPK activation ▶     Zhiqiang Ma, Chongxi Fan, Yang Yang et al.     Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Forced expression of CHOP, one of …             Riboflavin photoactivation by upconversion nanoparticles for cancer treatment ▶     E. V. Khaydukov, K. E. Mironova, V. A. Semchishen et al.     Riboflavin (Rf) is a vitamin and endogenous photosensitizer capable to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under UV-blue irradiation and kill cancer cells, which are …             In Vivo Near Infrared Virtual Intraoperative Surgical Photoacoustic Optical Coherence Tomography ▶     Donghyun Lee, Changho Lee, Sehui Kim et al.     Since its first implementation in otolaryngological surgery nearly a century ago, the surgical microscope has improved the accuracy and the safety of microsurgeries. However, the …             Smad4 is required to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and maintain bone mass ▶     Mayu Morita, Shigeyuki Yoshida, Ryotaro Iwasaki et al.     Bone homeostasis is maintained as a delicate balance between bone-resorption and bone-formation, which are coupled to maintain appropriate bone mass. A critical question is how …             miRNA-145 inhibits VSMC proliferation by targeting CD40 ▶     Xin Guo, Dai Li, Min Chen et al.     Recent studies have demonstrated functions of miR-145 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypes and vascular diseases. In this study, we aim to determine whether CD40 is …             Head mounted DMD based projection system for natural and prosthetic visual stimulation in freely moving rats ▶     Tamar Arens-Arad, Nairouz Farah, Shai Ben-Yaish et al.     Novel technologies are constantly under development for vision restoration in blind patients. Many of these emerging technologies are based on the projection of high intensity …             Epithelial cell-derived microvesicles activate macrophages and promote inflammation via microvesicle-containing microRNAs ▶     Heedoo Lee, Duo Zhang, Ziwen Zhu et al.     Intercellular communications between lung epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages play an essential role in host defense against acute lung injury. Hyperoxia-induced oxidative …             mTOR independent regulation of macroautophagy by Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 via Beclin-1 ▶     Claudia Manzoni, Adamantios Mamais, Dorien A. Roosen et al.     Leucine rich repeat kinase 2 is a complex enzyme with both kinase and GTPase activities, closely linked to the pathogenesis of several human disorders including Parkinson’s …             The influence of the carrier molecule on amoxicillin recognition by specific IgE in patients with immediate hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams ▶     Adriana Ariza, Cristobalina Mayorga, María Salas et al.     The optimal recognition of penicillin determinants, including amoxicillin (AX), by specific IgE antibodies is widely believed to require covalent binding to a carrier molecule. …             Sequestration of ubiquitous dietary derived pigments enables mitochondrial light sensing ▶     Dan Zhang, Kiera Robinson, Doina M. Mihai et al.     Animals alter their physiological states in response to their environment. We show that the introduction of a chlorophyll metabolite, a light-absorbing pigment widely consumed in …             New potential beneficial effects of actein, a triterpene glycoside isolated from Cimicifuga species, in breast cancer treatment ▶     Grace Gar-Lee Yue, Sida Xie, Julia Kin-Ming Lee et al.     Actein is a triterpene glycoside isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida (Chinese herb “shengma”) which could inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. Nevertheless, …             Methazolamide improves neurological behavior by inhibition of neuron apoptosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage mice ▶     Mingchang Li, Wei Wang, Haojian Mai et al.     Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in significant nerve dysfunction, such as hemiplegia, mood disorders, cognitive and memory impairment. Currently, no clear measures can …             Carbon Ion-Irradiated Hepatoma Cells Exhibit Coupling Interplay between Apoptotic Signaling and Morphological and Mechanical Remodeling ▶     Baoping Zhang, Long Li, Zhiqiang Li et al.     A apoptotic model was established based on the results of five hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) lines irradiated with carbon ions to investigate the coupling interplay between …             Impact of feline AIM on the susceptibility of cats to renal disease ▶     Ryoichi Sugisawa, Emiri Hiramoto, Shigeru Matsuoka et al.     Renal failure is one of the most important social problems for its incurability and high costs for patients’ health care. Through clarification of the underlying mechanism for …             A Rough Energy Landscape to Describe Surface-Linked Antibody and Antigen Bond Formation ▶     Laurent Limozin, Pierre Bongrand, Philippe Robert     Antibodies and B cell receptors often bind their antigen at cell-cell interface while both molecular species are surface-bound, which impacts bond kinetics and function. Despite …             Community-based management induces rapid recovery of a high-value tropical freshwater fishery ▶     João Vitor Campos-Silva, Carlos A. Peres     Tropical wetlands are highly threatened socio-ecological systems, where local communities rely heavily on aquatic animal protein, such as fish, to meet food security. Here, we …             Melatonin improves age-induced fertility decline and attenuates ovarian mitochondrial oxidative stress in mice ▶     Chao Song, Wei Peng, Songna Yin et al.     Increasing evidence shows that melatonin protected against age-related mitochondrial oxidative damage. However, the protective effects of melatonin against ovarian aging has not …             No Association of Coronary Artery Disease with X-Chromosomal Variants in Comprehensive International Meta-Analysis ▶     Christina Loley, Maris Alver, Themistocles L. Assimes et al.     In recent years, genome-wide association studies have identified 58 independent risk loci for coronary artery disease (CAD) on the autosome. However, due to the sex-specific data …             Regulatory T cells, especially ICOS+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, are increased in the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment and predict reduced survival ▶     Jian-Fei Tu, Ya-Hui Ding, Xi-Hui Ying et al.     Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumour, especially in Asia. Its prognosis is poor, and there are limited methods for predicting patient survival. This study …             Arabidopsis aldehyde dehydrogenase 10 family members confer salt tolerance through putrescine-derived 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) production ▶     Adel Zarei, Christopher P. Trobacher, Barry J. Shelp     Polyamines represent a potential source of 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) in plants exposed to abiotic stress. Terminal catabolism of putrescine in Arabidopsis thaliana involves amine …             The unravelling of the complex pattern of tyrosinase inhibition ▶     Batel Deri, Margarita Kanteev, Mor Goldfeder et al.     Tyrosinases are responsible for melanin formation in all life domains. Tyrosinase inhibitors are used for the prevention of severe skin diseases, in skin-whitening creams and to …             Cerebral Activity Associated with Transient Sleep-Facilitated Reduction in Motor Memory Vulnerability to Interference ▶     Geneviève Albouy, Bradley R. King, Christina Schmidt et al.     Motor memory consolidation is characterized, in part, by a sleep-facilitated decrease in susceptibility to subsequent interfering experiences. Surprisingly, the cerebral …             Stoichiometry patterns in the androdioecious Acer tegmentosum ▶     Xinna Zhang, Jie Yao, Chunyu Fan et al.     This study evaluates stoichiometry patterns in the androdioecious Acer tegmentosum, a species characterized by a rare reproductive system where males and hermaphrodites coexist. …             Formation of gold nanoparticles by glycolipids of Lactobacillus casei ▶     Fumiya Kikuchi, Yugo Kato, Kazuo Furihata et al.     Gold nanoparticles have particular properties distinct from those of bulk gold crystals, and such nanoparticles are used in various applications in optics, catalysis, and drug …             Effect of methyl salicylate (MeSA), an elicitor on growth, physiology and pathology of resistant and susceptible rice varieties ▶     Kandaswamy Kalaivani, Marimuthu Maruthi Kalaiselvi, Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan     Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is a volatile organic compound synthesized from salicylic acid (SA) a plant hormone that helps to fight against plant disease. Seed treatment with MeSA, …             The chitin synthase FgChs2 and other FgChss co-regulate vegetative development and virulence in F. graminearum ▶     Zunyong Liu, Xiaoping Zhang, Xin Liu et al.     Fusarium graminearum contains eight chitin synthase (Chs) genes belonging to seven classes. Previous studies have found that deletion of FgChs3b is lethal to F. graminearum, and …             Bone marrow-derived macrophages distinct from tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in Concanavalin A-induced murine liver injury via CCR9 axis ▶     Takeru Amiya, Nobuhiro Nakamoto, Po-sung Chu et al.     The fundamental mechanism how heterogeneous hepatic macrophage (Mφ) subsets fulfill diverse functions in health and disease has not been elucidated. We recently reported that CCR9…             Functional visualization and disruption of targeted genes using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated eGFP reporter integration in zebrafish ▶     Satoshi Ota, Kiyohito Taimatsu, Kanoko Yanagi et al.     The CRISPR/Cas9 complex, which is composed of a guide RNA (gRNA) and the Cas9 nuclease, is useful for carrying out genome modifications in various organisms. Recently, the …             Detection of aqueous VEGF concentrations before and after intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF antibody using low-volume sampling paper-based ELISA ▶     Min-Yen Hsu, Yu-Chien Hung, De-Kuang Hwang et al.     Intraocular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels play an important role in the pathogenesis of blindness-related diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration …             A network approach to discerning the identities of C. elegans in a free moving population ▶     Peter B. Winter, Renee M. Brielmann, Nicholas P. Timkovich et al.     The study of C. elegans has led to ground-breaking discoveries in gene-function, neuronal circuits, and physiological responses. Subtle behavioral phenotypes, however, are often …             Engineered Human Ferritin Nanoparticles for Direct Delivery of Tumor Antigens to Lymph Node and Cancer Immunotherapy ▶     Bo-Ram Lee, Ho Kyung Ko, Ju Hee Ryu et al.     Efficient delivery of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) to lymph nodes (LNs) is essential to eliciting robust immune response for cancer immunotherapy but still remains unsolved. …             Time-course of coherence in the human basal ganglia during voluntary movements ▶     Omid Talakoub, Bogdan Neagu, Kaviraja Udupa et al.     We are interested in characterizing how brain networks interact and communicate with each other during voluntary movements. We recorded electrical activities from the globus …             circRNADb: A comprehensive database for human circular RNAs with protein-coding annotations ▶     Xiaoping Chen, Ping Han, Tao Zhou et al.     It has been known that circular RNAs are widely expressed in human tissues and cells, and play important regulatory roles in physiological or pathological processes. However, …             Hepatocellular Carcinoma-propagating Cells are Detectable by Side Population Analysis and Possess an Expression Profile Reflective of a Primitive Origin ▶     Honghai Xia, Jun Cao, Qing Li et al.     The recent identification of “Side Population” (SP) cells in a number of unrelated human cancers has renewed interests in the hypothesis of cancer stem cells. Here we isolated SP …             Consistent responses of the microbial community structure to organic farming along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River ▶     Wenhui Wang, Hui Wang, Youzhi Feng et al.     Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrient elements and maintaining soil health. We aimed to investigate the response of bacteria …             A global-wide search for sexual dimorphism of glomeruli in the antennal lobe of female and male Helicoverpa armigera ▶     Xin-Cheng Zhao, Bai-Wei Ma, Bente G. Berg et al.     By using immunostaining and three-dimensional reconstruction, the anatomical organization of the antennal lobe glomeruli of the female cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera was …             Cleaning patch-clamp pipettes for immediate reuse ▶     I. Kolb, W. A. Stoy, E. B. Rousseau et al.     Patch-clamp recording has enabled single-cell electrical, morphological and genetic studies at unparalleled resolution. Yet it remains a laborious and low-throughput technique, …             Single neuron transcriptomics identify SRSF/SR protein B52 as a regulator of axon growth and Choline acetyltransferase splicing ▶     Boyin Liu, Torsten Bossing     We removed single identified neurons from living Drosophila embryos to gain insight into the transcriptional control of developing neuronal networks. The microarray analysis of …             Cathelicidins in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) ▶     E. Peel, Y. Cheng, J. T. Djordjevic et al.     Tasmanian devil joeys, like other marsupials, are born at a very early stage of development, prior to the development of their adaptive immune system, yet survive in a …             Safety Evaluation and Imaging Properties of Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticles in nonhuman primates ▶     Shady Kotb, Joao Piraquive, Franck Lamberton et al.     In this article, we report the safety evaluation of gadolinium-based nanoparticles in nonhuman primates (NHP) in the context of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in …             ADHD-associated risk taking is linked to exaggerated views of the benefits of positive outcomes ▶     Rachel Shoham, Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke, Hamutal Aloni et al.     Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often assumed to be associated with increased engagement in risk-taking behaviors. The current study sought to understand …             Tool transfers are a form of teaching among chimpanzees ▶     Stephanie Musgrave, David Morgan, Elizabeth Lonsdorf et al.     Teaching is a form of high-fidelity social learning that promotes human cumulative culture. Although recently documented in several nonhuman animals, teaching is rare among …             A Naturally Occurring Antibody Fragment Neutralizes Infectivity of Diverse Infectious Agents ▶     Luciano Polonelli, Tecla Ciociola, Lisa Elviri et al.     A phosphorylated peptide, named K40H, derived from the constant region of IgMs was detected in human serum by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. …             Swiss identity smells like chocolate: Social identity shapes olfactory judgments ▶     Géraldine Coppin, Eva Pool, Sylvain Delplanque et al.     There is extensive evidence that social identities can shape people’s attitudes and behavior, but what about sensory judgments? We examined the possibility that social identity …             Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 regulates key signalling molecules involved in FcγRI-mediated clathrin-dependent endocytosis and phagocytosis ▶     Mijeong Park, Mark J. Raftery, Paul S. Thomas et al.     FcγRI cross-linking on monocytes may trigger clathrin-mediated endocytosis, likely through interaction of multiple intracellular molecules that are controlled by phosphorylation …             PAI: Predicting adenosine to inosine editing sites by using pseudo nucleotide compositions ▶     Wei Chen, Pengmian Feng, Hui Ding et al.     The adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing is the most prevalent kind of RNA editing and involves in many biological processes. Accurate identification of A-to-I editing site is …             Neonatal imitation predicts infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) social and anxiety-related behaviours at one year ▶     Stefano S. K. Kaburu, Annika Paukner, Elizabeth A. Simpson et al.     The identification of early markers that predict the development of specific social trajectories is critical to understand the developmental and neurobiological underpinnings of …             Generation of transgenic marmosets expressing genetically encoded calcium indicators ▶     Jung Eun Park, Xian Feng Zhang, Sang-Ho Choi et al.     Chronic monitoring of neuronal activity in the living brain with optical imaging techniques became feasible owing to the continued development of genetically encoded calcium …             Glycosylation site occupancy in health, congenital disorder of glycosylation and fatty liver disease ▶     Andreas J. Hülsmeier, Micha Tobler, Patricie Burda et al.     Glycosylation is an integral part in health and disease, as emphasized by the growing number of identified glycosylation defects. In humans, proteins are modified with a diverse …             Functional characterization of a csoR-cueA divergon in Bradyrhizobium liaoningense CCNWSX0360, involved in copper, zinc and cadmium cotolerance ▶     Jianqiang Liang, Mingzhe Zhang, Mingmei Lu et al.     Random mutagenesis in a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium liaoningense CCNWSX0360 (Bln0360) using Tn5 identified five copper (Cu) resistance-related genes. They were …             Systems-level analysis reveals selective regulation of Aqp2 gene expression by vasopressin ▶     Pablo C. Sandoval, J’Neka S. Claxton, Jae Wook Lee et al.     Vasopressin-mediated regulation of renal water excretion is defective in a variety of water balance disorders in humans. It occurs in part through long-term mechanisms that …             Multidimensional differentiation in foraging resource use during breeding of two sympatric top predators ▶     Guilad Friedemann, Yossi Leshem, Lior Kerem et al.     Ecologically-similar species were found to develop specific strategies to partition their resources, leading to niche differentiation and divergence, in order to avoid …             Genetic dissection of host immune response in pneumonia development and progression ▶     Tamara V. Smelaya, Olesya B. Belopolskaya, Svetlana V. Smirnova et al.     The role of host genetic variation in pneumonia development and outcome is poorly understood. We studied common polymorphisms in the genes of proinflammatory cytokines (IL6 …             Dynamin 2 is essential for mammalian spermatogenesis ▶     Kate A. Redgrove, Ilana R. Bernstein, Victoria J. Pye et al.     The dynamin family of proteins play important regulatory roles in membrane remodelling and endocytosis, especially within brain and neuronal tissues. In the context of …             Short-Lived Cages Restrict Protein Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane ▶     Maria Goiko, John R. de Bruyn, Bryan Heit     The plasma membrane is a heterogeneous environment characterized by anomalous diffusion and the presence of microdomains that are molecularly distinct from the bulk membrane. Us…             Differentially expressed galactinol synthase(s) in chickpea are implicated in seed vigor and longevity by limiting the age induced ROS accumulation ▶     Prafull Salvi, Saurabh Chandra Saxena, Bhanu Prakash Petla et al.     Galactinol synthase (GolS) catalyzes the first and rate limiting step of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharide (RFO) biosynthetic pathway, which is a highly specialized metabolic …             Defining cutaneous molecular pathobiology of arsenicals using phenylarsine oxide as a prototype ▶     Ritesh K. Srivastava, Changzhao Li, Zhiping Weng et al.     Arsenicals are painful, inflammatory and blistering causing agents developed as chemical weapons in World War I/II. However, their large stockpiles still exist posing threat to …             Combinatorial nanocarrier based drug delivery approach for amalgamation of anti-tumor agents in bresat cancer cells: an improved nanomedicine strategies ▶     Chandran Murugan, Kathirvel Rayappan, Ramar Thangam et al.     Combination therapy of multiple drugs through a single system is exhibiting high therapeutic effects. We investigate nanocarrier mediated inhibitory effects of topotecan (TPT) …             Impaired socio-emotional processing in a developmental music disorder ▶     César F. Lima, Olivia Brancatisano, Amy Fancourt et al.     Some individuals show a congenital deficit for music processing despite normal peripheral auditory processing, cognitive functioning, and music exposure. This condition, termed …             Three-dimensional X-ray visualization of axonal tracts in mouse brain hemisphere ▶     Ryuta Mizutani, Rino Saiga, Masato Ohtsuka et al.     Neurons transmit active potentials through axons, which are essential for the brain to function. In this study, the axonal networks of the murine brain were visualized with X-ray …             Fabrication of an antibody-aptamer sandwich assay for electrochemical evaluation of levels of β-amyloid oligomers ▶     Yanli Zhou, Huanqing Zhang, Lantao Liu et al.     Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in its oligomeric form is often considered as the most toxic species in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and thus Aβ oligomer is a potentially promising candidate …             Ecosystem engineering creates a direct nutritional link between 600-m deep cold-water coral mounds and surface productivity ▶     Karline Soetaert, Christian Mohn, Anna Rengstorf et al.     Cold-water corals (CWCs) form large mounds on the seafloor that are hotspots of biodiversity in the deep sea, but it remains enigmatic how CWCs can thrive in this food-limited …             Microfluidics-based point-of-care test for serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease ▶     Samiksha Nayak, Archana Sridhara, Rita Melo et al.     Currently, diagnostic testing for Lyme disease is done by determination of the serologic responses to Borrelia burgdorferi antigens, with the exception of the early localized …             Three-dimensional reconstruction of single-cell chromosome structure using recurrence plots ▶     Yoshito Hirata, Arisa Oda, Kunihiro Ohta et al.     Single-cell analysis of the three-dimensional (3D) chromosome structure can reveal cell-to-cell variability in genome activities. Here, we propose to apply recurrence plots, a …             Growth in Nephrops norvegicus from a tag-recapture experiment ▶     Paula S. Haynes, Patricia Browne, Liam Fullbrook et al.     Nephrops norvegicus is a commercially valuable fishery in the E but management of stocks is challenging due to difficulties in aging individuals and calculating growth and …             High-solid Anaerobic Co-digestion of Sewage Sludge and Cattle Manure: The Effects of Volatile Solid Ratio and pH ▶     Xiaohu Dai, Yang Chen, Dong Zhang et al.     High-solid anaerobic digestion is an attractive solution to the problem of sewage sludge disposal. One method that can be used to enhance the production of volatile fatty acids …             Decoupling of nutrient element cycles in soil and plants across an altitude gradient ▶     Qiqi Tan, Guoan Wang     Previous studies have examined the decoupling of C, N, and P under rapid changes in climate. While this may occur in different environment types, such climactic changes have been …             Three-dimensional electron microscopy reveals the evolution of glomerular barrier injury ▶     Michael J. Randles, Sophie Collinson, Tobias Starborg et al.     Glomeruli are highly sophisticated filters and glomerular disease is the leading cause of kidney failure. Morphological change in glomerular podocytes and the underlying basement …             Prognostic Value of Pre-operative Renal Insufficiency in Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ▶     Jian Cao, Xiaokun Zhao, Zhaohui Zhong et al.     The effect of pre-operative renal insufficiency on urothelial carcinoma (UC) prognosis has been investigated by numerous studies. While the majority report worse UC outcomes in …             Microenvironments created by liquid-liquid phase transition control the dynamic distribution of bacterial division FtsZ protein ▶     Begoña Monterroso, Silvia Zorrilla, Marta Sobrinos-Sanguino et al.     The influence of membrane-free microcompartments resulting from crowding-induced liquid/liquid phase separation (LLPS) on the dynamic spatial organization of FtsZ, the main …             RAMAN spectroscopy imaging improves the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma ▶     Julietta V. Rau, Valerio Graziani, Marco Fosca et al.     Recent investigations strongly suggest that Raman spectroscopy (RS) can be used as a clinical tool in cancer diagnosis to improve diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we evaluated …             Effect of Mild Heating on Human Lens Epithelial Cells: A Possible Model of Lens Aging ▶     Keke Zhang, Xiangjia Zhu, Yi Lu     This study aims to investigate the effect of mild heating on lens epithelial cells and to explore its possibility as an in vitro model for lens aging. Human lens epithelial cells …             Analysis of the brain mural cell transcriptome ▶     Liqun He, Michael Vanlandewijck, Elisabeth Raschperger et al.     Pericytes, the mural cells of blood microvessels, regulate microvascular development and function and have been implicated in many brain diseases. However, due to a paucity of …             The rs6771157 C/G polymorphism in SCN10A is associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation in a Chinese Han population ▶     Zhen Fang, Yue Jiang, Yifeng Wang et al.     A recent genome wide associated study in European descent population identified the association of Atrial fibrillation (AF) risk with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in …             Mechanisms underlying heterologous skin scaffold-mediated tissue remodeling ▶     Kallyne K. O. Mimura, Andréia R. Moraes, Aline C. Miranda et al.     Biocompatibility of two newly developed porcine skin scaffolds was assessed after 3, 14, 21 and 90 days of implantation in rats. Both scaffolds showed absence of cells, …             Global disruption of degree rank order: a hallmark of chronic pain ▶     Ali Mansour, Alex T. Baria, Pascal Tetreault et al.     Chronic pain remains poorly understood; yet it is associated with the reorganization of the nervous system. Here, we demonstrate that a unitary global measure of functional …             Uterus-targeted liposomes for preterm labor management: studies in pregnant mice ▶     Jerrie S. Refuerzo, Fransisca Leonard, Nataliya Bulayeva et al.     Preterm labor caused by uterine contractions is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Treatment intended to reduce uterine contractions include tocolytic …             Crystal structure of a DNA aptamer bound to PvLDH elucidates novel single-stranded DNA structural elements for folding and recognition ▶     Sung-Jin Choi, Changill Ban     Structural elements are key elements for understanding single-stranded nucleic acid folding. Although various RNA structural elements have been documented, structural elements of …             HIC1 controls cellular- and HIV-1- gene transcription via interactions with CTIP2 and HMGA1 ▶     Valentin Le Douce, Faezeh Forouzanfar, Sebastian Eilebrecht et al.     Among many cellular transcriptional regulators, Bcl11b/CTIP2 and HGMA1 have been described to control the establishment and the persistence of HIV-1 latency in microglial cells, …                       nature.com webcasts Join us for our upcoming webcast with live Q&A: INNOVATING FOR OPHTHALMIC DISEASES Presented by BioPharma Dealmakers Date: Thursday, October 20, 2016 Time: 7am PDT / 10am EDT / 3pm BST / 4pm CEST REGISTER FOR FREE Sponsored by: HEALIOS K.K. | Apellis | Mannin Research               • Careers & Jobs         naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Postdoctoral Associate     Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute            Four year PhD Prize Studentships     University of Oxford            Senior Research Associate     University of Bristol            Research Fellow / PhD Position     TU Dresden            Post-doctoral position     Henry Ford Health System            Research Scientist     The Pirbright Institute            Postdoctoral Research Associate     Brown University            Principal Investigator     Steno Diabetes Center A/S            Postdoctoral Fellowships     Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute            Director of the Roslin Institute     University of Edinburgh          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. 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