Science X Newsletter Tuesday, Oct 4

Dear Reader ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 4, 2016:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

New protein bridges chemical divide for 'seamless' bioelectronics devices

Nobel physics prize awarded to three for topology work (Update 5)

Can you zap your brain back to health? Electrifying brain circuits may decrease depressive symptoms and chronic pain

Astronomers discover a potential new satellite of the Large Magellanic Cloud

Paleontologist suggests 'great dying' 252 million years ago wasn't as bad as thought

Researchers question Apollo-era evidence for the Late Heavy Bombardment

3-D-printed robots with shock-absorbing skins

Researchers say 2-D boron may be best for flexible electronics

Gravitational waves, dark matter eyed for Nobel Physics Prize

Study reveals Asian ancestry of Pacific islanders

Survival of the fittest in materials discovery

DNA structures called microsatellites play a greater role in cancer than previously thought

Blocking key gene reduces cigarette smoke toxicity in fish embryos

Study explains how an intestinal microbe protects against other, more dangerous bacteria

Lord of the Rings: Rare discovery in Bronze Age tomb prompts new consideration of Greek history

Astronomy & Space news

	Astronomers discover a potential new satellite of the Large Magellanic Cloud (Phys.org)—An international team of astronomers, led by Nicolas Martin of the Observatory of Strasbourg in France, has detected a new, very faint stellar system, designated SMASH 1. This compac, very faint system could be a satellite of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The findings are reported in a paper published Sept. 19 on arXiv.org.
	Microscope will seek biological samples on red planet One of the ultimate goals of Mars exploration is to bring samples from the surface to Earth, especially those that could be examined for evidence of life on the Red Planet.
	Researchers suggest a link between the solar cycle and the tidal effects of Venus, the Earth and Jupiter The Sun's activity is determined by the Sun's magnetic field. Two combined effects are responsible for the latter: The omega and the alpha effect. Exactly where and how the alpha effect originates is currently unknown. Researchers at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) are putting forward a new theory for this in the journal Solar Physics. Their calculations suggest that tidal forces from Venus, the Earth and Jupiter can directly influence the Sun's activity.
	Detonating white dwarfs as supernovae A new mathematical model created by astrophysicists at the American Museum of Natural History details a way that dead stars called white dwarfs could detonate, producing a type of explosion that is instrumental to measuring the extreme distances in our universe. The mechanism, described in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, could improve our understanding of how Type Ia supernovae form.
	Houston, we have a dust problem: CSU-developed air samplers are spacebound Astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) conduct research, fix equipment, perform space walks ... and they vacuum.
	Iran's space agency 'interested' in cooperating with NASA The head of Iran's space agency said Tuesday his country is interested in cooperating with NASA.

Technology news

	3-D-printed robots with shock-absorbing skins Anyone who's watched drone videos or an episode of "BattleBots" knows that robots can break—and often it's because they don't have the proper padding to protect themselves.
	Robots galore as Asia's biggest tech fair kicks off A Japanese inventor is hoping a robot that still needs humans will win over Asia's largest tech fair, offering a counterpoint to major technology firms pushing the boundaries of artificial intelligence (AI).
	Researchers show air bag bike helmets have promise Stanford bioengineer David Camarillo knows all too well that bicycling is the leading cause of sports- and activity-related concussion and brain injury in the United States. He's had two concussions as the result of bicycling accidents. While he doesn't doubt that wearing a helmet is better than no helmet at all, Camarillo thinks that traditional helmets don't protect riders as well as they could.
	New cost-effective silicon carbide high voltage switch created Researchers at North Carolina State University have created a high voltage and high frequency silicon carbide (SiC) power switch that could cost much less than similarly rated SiC power switches. The findings could lead to early applications in the power industry, especially in power converters like medium voltage drives, solid state transformers and high voltage transmissions and circuit breakers.
	Omnidirectional mobile robot has just two moving parts More than a decade ago, Ralph Hollis invented the ballbot, an elegantly simple robot whose tall, thin body glides atop a sphere slightly smaller than a bowling ball. The latest version, called SIMbot, has an equally elegant motor with just one moving part: the ball.
	Futuristic Dubai dreams of hyperloop transit tubes A network of tubes whisking passengers across a country at close to the speed of sound may seem like a sci-fi pipe dream, but in the already futuristic city of Dubai it would fit right in.
	Google gets aggressive with new phones, other gadgets Google launched an aggressive challenge to consumer electronics giants like Apple and Samsung on Tuesday, introducing a new line of smartphones called Pixel and other gadgets designed to showcase a digital helper the company calls "Google Assistant."
	Apple still a star without Steve Jobs, but doubts linger Five years after the death of Apple co-founder Steve Jobs, the Silicon Valley tech giant is bigger and stronger, despite lingering doubts over its future without the visionary leader.
	Google readies new phones, gadgets featuring its software Google may be getting serious about selling its own hardware gadgets.
Ericsson cuts 3,000 jobs in Sweden, reduces operations Ericsson said Tuesday it will cut 3,000 jobs in Sweden, or nearly 20 percent of its local workforce, and will downsize operations at several plants as part of its global plan to cut costs by 9 billion kronor ($1 billion) in 2017.
	US subpoena tests privacy promise of encrypted messaging app The company responsible for spreading top-of-the-line message encryption across the internet has had a first legal skirmish with the U.S. government.
	Optimizing fuel filters via simulations Filters developed for cars have to meet stricter and stricter requirements, yet they also need to be ready for the market in ever shorter periods of time. Designers caught between these two demands now have support in the form of a simulation tool: it calculates all the relevant characteristics of filter design – cleaning performance, lifetime, etc. – and thus allows efficient, cost-effective development.
	New antireflective coating reduces stray light and reflections Transparent plastic optical lenses can be manufactured cheaply and in any shape. However, a downside is that they reflect light just as much as glass does. At the K trade fair in Düsseldorf, Fraunhofer researchers are exhibiting a new type of antireflective coating that significantly reduces stray light and reflections from plastic lenses. Not only does this improve the performance of cameras and headlights, it's also good news for virtual reality technologies and Industrie 4.0.
	Basic structure of ultrasound power supply and communication Unlike drugs, active implants such as electroceuticals act locally, have fewer side effects and function directly through electrical signals, much like the body itself. At the Medica 2016 trade fair in Düsseldorf, Fraunhofer researchers will be presenting a new technology platform that can power active implants wirelessly via ultrasound (Hall 10, Booth G05). The experts are targeting widespread diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes and Parkinson's.
	Lightweight rotor blades made from plastic foams for offshore wind turbines Offshore wind turbines are becoming ever larger, and the transportation, installation, disassembly and disposal of their gigantic rotor blades are presenting operators with new challenges. Fraunhofer researchers have partnered with industry experts to develop highly durable thermoplastic foams and composites that make the blades lighter and recyclable. Thanks to their special properties, the new materials are also suitable for other lightweight structures, for instance in the automotive sector. The first demonstrators will be on display at the K 2016 trade fair in Düsseldorf from October 19 to 26.
	Ultrasensitive sensors ensure optimum sight conditions News of the first serious accident involving an automated electric vehicle made one of the headlines this summer. The vehicle in question collided with a truck while in autopilot mode. According to the manufacturer, the front cameras could not perceive the oncoming semitrailer properly. Additionally, an incorrect radar measurement prevented the activation of the emergency brakes.
	Optimizing sludge treatment Wine harvesting season is a challenge for wastewater treatment plants. When the grapes are being processed, the effluent load rises steeply – by a factor of 17 in the Palatinate town of Edenkoben. High-load anaerobic digestion provides a flexible solution that cuts power consumption by 20 percent, generates over half of the required electricity on site and greatly reduces sewage sludge volumes.
	Has auto-translation software finally stopped being so useless? If you've ever put a phrase into an online translator and then laughed at the garbled results, your fun might be coming to an end. Google claimed last week to have eradicated 80% of the errors made by its translation software.
	Westworld reminds us of how like us robots could be For a sci-fi fan like me, fascinated by the nature of human intelligence and the possibility of building life-like robots, it's always interesting to find a new angle on these questions. As a re-imagining of the original 1970s science fiction film set in a cowboy-themed, hyper-real adult theme park populated by robots that look and act like people, Westworld does not disappoint.
	WikiLeaks' Assange promises leaks on US election, Google WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange promised "significant" disclosures on subjects including the U.S. election and Google in the coming weeks as the secret-spilling group marked its 10th anniversary on Tuesday.
	Yahoo launches 'Newsroom' for hot topics Yahoo on Tuesday unveiled its latest mobile news application, using both algorithms and user choices to deliver the most relevant updates with a social twist.
	World's first implanted bionic arm on test in global competition A few years ago, a patient was implanted with a bionic arm for the first time in the world using control technology developed at Chalmers University of Technology. He is now taking part in Cybathlon, a new international competition in which 74 participants with physical disabilities will compete against each other, using the latest robotic prostheses and other assistive technologies – a sort of 'Cyborg Olympics'.
	Virtual reality making construction sites safer Bochum-based researchers are aiming to make construction sites safer with interactive virtual reality training courses. The team led by Prof Dr Markus König from the Institute for Computation in Engineering at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum is developing suitable technology to make it possible to experience sources of danger virtually.
	Large volumes of data from ITER successfully transferred to Japan at unprecedented speeds The National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), in collaboration with the National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) National Institute of Informatics (NII), and the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization (ITER), have connected a dedicated broadband network between one server in ITER and another in the ITER Remote Experiment Centre (REC) in Japan. Using this network they have repeatedly demonstrated the stable high-speed transfer (approximately 7.9 Gbps) of 1TB of data within 30 minutes, the assumed conditions in the initial experiments of ITER. This achievement is the result of a synergetic effect from collaboration in state-of-art information science and technologies and in remote cooperation for nuclear fusion research. These results are a big step towards the construction of the REC in Japan, 10,000km away from ITER. The amount of transferred data of 50TB per day is the world largest level inter-continental high speed data transfer from one site to another site.
	Credit card or selfie? Mastercard rolls out biometric payments Shoppers in a dozen European countries can make online payments using a selfie from Tuesday, under a rollout by Mastercard of new payment technology.
Drone safety: User-centric control software improves pilot performance and safety A new study into the safety of drone control interfaces suggests that an overhaul of remote control methods ranging from joysticks to smartphone apps could reduce the number of drone accidents. The findings, published this week in Interacting with Computers, suggest that current user interfaces used in some drones makes it difficult for pilots to perceive hazards and react appropriately.
	'Security fatigue' can cause computer users to feel hopeless and act recklessly After updating your password for the umpteenth time, have you resorted to using one you know you'll remember because you've used it before? Have you ever given up on an online purchase because you just didn't feel like creating a new account?
	The Latest: Google doubles down on hardware with new gadgets The Latest on Google's product event (all times local):
Sports book firm to pay $22M in penalties in gambling probe Authorities in New York say one of the nation's largest race and sports book operators has agreed to pay $22.5 million in penalties and forfeiture to resolve criminal and civil investigations.
	Strong at the coast, weak in the cities—the German energy-transition patchwork The energy transition in German is making progress. In 2015, hydropower, wind, sun and biomass provided about 35% of electricity. The ambitious transition to climate-friendly energy provision is moving ahead in all federal states. But from region to region there are huge differences. These have now been identified by scientists at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ). Their detailed study on the spatial distribution of the German electricity supply has resulted in a detailed energy-transition map. It clearly shows pioneers and stragglers among all 12,066 German municipalities, and shows how Germany can stay true to its role as a global example into the future.

Medicine & Health news

	Can you zap your brain back to health? Electrifying brain circuits may decrease depressive symptoms and chronic pain Rather than taking medication, a growing number of people who suffer from chronic pain, epilepsy and drug cravings are zapping their skulls in the hopes that a weak electric current will jolt them back to health.
	DNA structures called microsatellites play a greater role in cancer than previously thought Short, unstable stretches of DNA, called microsatellites, may play a far greater role in the development and progression of cancer than previously thought, UW Medicine researchers report in a study appearing Oct. 3 in the journal Nature Medicine.
	Blocking key gene reduces cigarette smoke toxicity in fish embryos A Duke University-led study shows how exposure to the particulate matter from cigarette smoke may affect early development in zebrafish embryos and increases the risk of neurological disorders and physical deformities.
	Study explains how an intestinal microbe protects against other, more dangerous bacteria Antibiotics save millions of lives. But their tendency to kill helpful and harmful bacteria alike, coupled with the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, means that they are not without their downside.
	Study highlights gene that could lead to therapies for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Researchers from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) have published a new study that describes a novel molecular mechanism that could lead to the development of new therapies for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The study was published online in the prestigious PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences).
	Can childhood traumas make you old before your time? (HealthDay)—Childhood trauma might promote faster cellular aging in people, a new study suggests.
	Researchers explain breast cancer resistance to hormone therapy and point to potential new therapies Despite the overall success of hormone therapy, breast cancer tumors in patients with metastatic disease often fail to respond. One new mechanism that can explain resistance to hormone therapy in breast cancer involves two significant changes in the cells – overexpression of the FOXA1 gene and increased production of IL-8. The scientists, who are at Baylor College of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Oregon Health and Science University, Washington University and the University of Houston, propose that designing drugs directed at IL-8 or other FOXA1-dependent proteins could potentially result in therapies for breast cancer tumors resistant to hormone therapy and improved diagnostic tools. Their results appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
	Targeting norovirus 'noxiousness' Human noroviruses are the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis. Worldwide, about 200,000 children under age 5 die from norovirus infections every year. As of yet, no vaccines or antiviral agents have been licensed to treat the disease.
	'Overlooked and misunderstood' gene linked to schizophrenia Scientists have discovered new evidence strengthening the link between a previously misunderstood gene and major mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and autism.
	Rare mutations found to increase risk of schizophrenia and shortened school stays (Medical Xpress)—Two teams of researchers looking to better understand what happens to people born with certain rare genetic mutations have found a link between an increased risk of schizophrenia and how long such people remain in school. In one of the studies, a team made up of researchers from several institutions in the U.S. and Sweden conducted a study of gene mutations in a large group of Swedish people, some of whom had been diagnosed with schizophrenia and compared them with schizophrenia rates. The other group conducted a similar analysis with a large group of people from Finland, Estonia and Sweden looking for a connection between gene mutations and school dropout rates.
	Zika virus found to remain in some organs after disappearance from blood in macaques (Medical Xpress)—A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in the U.S. and Canada has found that the Zika virus remains in some macaques' organs and fluids, even after the immune system has removed it from the blood stream. In their paper published in the journal Nature Medicine, the researchers outline their study, detail their results and offer some thoughts on what they think should be done to learn more about the infection in people.
	Chicken korma, Eton mess and a genetic variant provide clues to our food choices People who carry variants in a particular gene have an increased preference for high fat food, but a decreased preference for sugary foods. This work has provided insights into why we make particular food choices, with potential implications for our understanding of obesity. This is one of the first studies to show a direct link between food preference and specific genetic variants in humans.
	Researchers uncover a new mechanistic understanding of potential treatment for genetic disorders A study published today by scientists at University of Massachusetts Medical School and the University of Alabama at Birmingham provides insight into the mechanism of action of the drug ataluren, which is showing promise in treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis.In these and other inherited diseases, 10 to 15 percent of the single-base pair mutations that cause the disease create a misplaced, premature "stop" codon in the middle of the gene—causing the machinery of the cell to prematurely halt synthesis of the protein, which destroys its ability to function.
Gum disease genes identified Researchers at Columbia University College of Dental Medicine (CDM) Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) have identified 41 master regulator genes that may cause gum disease, also known as periodontal disease. The study was the first of its kind to employ genome-wide reverse engineering to identify the gene pathways that contribute to periodontitis.
	Study provides insight on why risk-taking behavior increases during adolescence Adolescents among humans and non-human animals alike are more inclined to engage in heightened risk-taking behavior, exploration and novelty seeking. Although these attributes provide adaptive value in enabling individuals to gain importance in the world, including independence from parents, if taken too far, this tendency could lead to potentially dangerous behavior, including drug use, harmful drinking, addiction, unsafe sex, and risky driving, which may result in unintended injuries, violence and/or even premature death. A new Dartmouth study just published in Current Biology demonstrates for the first time, the causal relationship between behavioral control and a specific imbalance in brain function that exists during adolescence. (A pdf of the study is available upon request).
Antibody function may help keep tuberculosis infection under control A study led by investigators from the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard finds evidence that antibody protection may help control infection with the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB). In their study receiving online publication in Cell, the research team describes finding consistent differences in both the structure and function of antibodies targeting the TB bacteria between individuals with active TB disease and those with latent TB, which neither produces symptoms nor can be transmitted. The findings may lead to better ways of distinguishing between active and latent disease and to a more effective vaccine against a disease that kills more than 1.5 million people each year.
Impact of cognitive functions on oral cancer therapies The development of oral cancer drugs as a modality therapy over the last decade has highlighted the problem of non-adherence. Only cancer drugs that are taken can actually work. Contrary to what is expected, a significant share of cancer patients doesn't take their cancer drugs as prescribed. Presented at the ESMO Congress 2016, the results of a new study by Professor Florence Joly and Dr Melanie Dos Santos of the Centre Francois Baclesse in Caen, on the "Impact of cognitive functions on oral anticancer therapies adherence" highlights that cognitive disorders may be an under-estimated major parameter (notably among elderly patients).
	First proof of a direct association between coronavirus and neurological disease For the first time, researchers have found proof of a direct association between strain OC 43 of the human coronavirus (HCoV) and neurological disease in humans. This major breakthrough was made by British and Quebecois researchers, including Professor Pierre Talbot of the INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier Centre, who was the first not only to demonstrate the virus's ability to invade the human central nervous system, but also to suggest the neuropathological effects of this virus responsible for approximately 20 percent of common colds and more severe respiratory conditions in certain vulnerable individuals. The discovery was recently featured in the New England Journal of Medicine, one of the world's most prestigious scientific journals.
	Breast density matters in detection of breast cancer Almost 8% of women have extremely high breast density, which can make it harder for health professionals to detect breast cancer on a screening mammogram. These women are also more likely to develop breast cancer in the future.
Mapping the skin in time and space The skin is the largest organ in mammals and it serves to protect the body from outside influences, such as physical damage, radiation, fluid loss or extreme temperatures. To fulfill this function, a plethora of cell types with diverse functions and molecular identities has to work in concert. However, it is still unclear how many different cell populations can actually be found in the epidermis and the hair follicles, and what exactly makes one cell different from another. In a new study from Karolinska Institutet, researchers provide an in-depth analysis revealing 25 epidermal cell populations that, surprisingly, can be explained almost fully by just two biological parameters - the differentiation status of the cell and the niche in which the cell is located.
	Study finds patients diagnosed late are more likely to transmit HIV to others An estimated 1.2 million people live with HIV in the United States, with nearly 13 percent being unaware of their infection. New research by Brandon Brown in the School of Medicine at the University of California, Riverside and colleagues has found that patients diagnosed late in the course of HIV infection are more likely to transmit HIV to others since they are not on treatment to suppress the viral load and could be transmitting HIV without knowing they are doing so.
	Visual displays help children develop communication skills When designing tools for children with communication disorders, minor details matter significantly.
	Study implicates glial cells in fragile X syndrome Research on fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of mental retardation, has focused mostly on how the genetic defect alters the functioning of neurons in the brain. A new study focusing on a different type of brain cell, the glial cells known as astrocytes, indicates they also are impaired by the genetic defect and are involved in the symptoms of the disease.
	Music training speeds up brain development in children Observing a pianist at a recital – converting musical notations into precisely timed finger movements on a piano – can be a powerful emotional experience.
	Researchers explore biomechanical regulation of a key gene in bone Researchers from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), in collaboration with Damian Genetos at UC Davis and Alex Robling at Indiana University School of Medicine, investigated a regulatory element for the gene controlling bone mechanoadaptation.
	Psychotherapy sessions are best in the morning when levels of helpful hormone are high Patients make more progress toward overcoming anxiety, fears and phobias when their therapy sessions are scheduled in the morning, new research suggests.
Strive for mindful instead of mindless eating habits Have you ever raised and butchered a chicken or a pig or do you get all your meats in nicely sanitized vacuum packed containers? In the process of nurturing our bodies and nurturing our souls, many of us have lost self-balance, hence our obesity epidemic.
	Unraveling roundworm nerve regeneration mechanism could aid nerve injury treatment Nagoya University researchers clarify detailed molecular mechanisms behind regrowth of severed nerves in roundworms; could lead to treatments promoting human recovery from nerve injury.
	Developing brain regions in children hardest hit by sleep deprivation A team of researchers from the University of Zurich has studied the effects of acute sleep deprivation in children for the first time. They discovered that the brain in five to 12-year-olds responds differently to sleep deprivation compared to adults: The reduced amount of sleep leads to an increased need for deep sleep in maturing areas of the brain. This affects posterior regions of the brain, which are involved in vision, spatial perception and processing multi-sensorial input.
The business cycle drives the spread of viral diseases A study by Bocconi's Jérôme Adda shows that epidemics spread faster during economic booms because more people are traveling and finds that school shutdowns and transportation network closures are seldom efficient measures
Research links parental relationship quality to a child's intelligence The race is on. Children spend more of their time in classrooms and participating in organized activities than any other generation. As part of this frantic feat, Americans are spending around $7 billion annually on supplemental education to ensure their children do well on the highly competitive education circuit. What researchers at UNM have found is if parents can't get along with each other, then all this conditioning is moot.
Skin defences point to eczema therapies The body's own natural defences could be harnessed in a potential therapy for a common skin condition, research suggests.
Impact of mental health during pregnancy on infants examined The impact of women's mental health during pregnancy is the focus of a major collaborative study underway in Perth.
	A urine test for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease may be possible Researchers at the MRC Prion Unit at UCL have found that it may be possible to determine whether or not a person has sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (sCJD) by testing their urine for the presence of abnormal prion proteins.
	Tongue-on-a-chip provides insight into genetic diseases Muscular dystrophy is a group of rare genetic diseases that cause progressive muscle weakness and deterioration. For decades, researchers have struggled to understand how the disease works and to find suitable treatments.
The psychology behind climate change denial Climate change is a serious threat to humans, animals, and the earth's ecosystems. Nevertheless, effective climate action has been delayed, partly because some still deny that there is a problem. In a new thesis in psychology, Kirsti Jylhä at Uppsala University has studied the psychology behind climate change denial. The results show that individuals who accept hierarchical power structures tend to a larger extent deny the problem.
	Study finds that a new exercise partner is the key to exercising more Researchers at the University of Aberdeen have been investigating whether having an exercise companion increases the amount of exercise we do.
	Septic shock patients have better outcomes when their heart rates are lower, study finds Researchers at Intermountain Medical Center in Salt Lake City, along with researchers from four other centers, including Harvard Medical School, have found that patients with a lower heart rate who are in septic shock have a better chance of survival than those with an abnormally rapid heart rate.
	More research cites salt's potential health risks (HealthDay)—Conventional wisdom says too much salt is bad because it can lead to high blood pressure.
	Pre-K program helps low-income kids succeed in school (HealthDay)—A pre-kindergarten program designed to help low-income minority children develop social and other skills appears to boost school performance, a new study shows.
	Worry about job loss may be linked to diabetes risk: study (HealthDay)—Workers who feel as if they might lose their job also seem to have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, a new study suggests.
	New clues to sleeping sickness (HealthDay)—Parasites that cause sleeping sickness can be found on the skin of people with no symptoms of the disease, a new study finds.
	Statins reduce risk of mortality in multiple myeloma (HealthDay)—Statin therapy is associated with reduced risk of all-cause and multiple myeloma (MM)-specific mortality, according to a study published online Sept. 19 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
	Medication adherence stressful for psoriasis patients (HealthDay)—Adhering to medication regimens for the treatment of psoriasis can be an additional source of considerable emotional distress for patients, according to a study published online Sept. 24 in the British Journal of Dermatology.
	CT colonography may be useful for aneurysm detection (HealthDay)—Routine assessment of the aorta during a computed tomography colonography (CTC) may aid in aneurysm detection, according to a study published online Sept. 21 in the Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology.
	2 mg/kg/day azathioprine best for Crohn's in Chinese patients (HealthDay)—For Chinese patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 2 mg/kg/day azathioprine (AZA) seems more effective than 1 mg/kg/day, according to a study published online Sept. 21 in the Journal of Digestive Diseases.
	Increased total, CVD mortality in young adults with T1DM (HealthDay)—Young adults with long-standing, childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have increased total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, according to a study published online Sept. 21 in Diabetes Care.
	Lower infection risk for coiled versus noncoiled leads (HealthDay)—Percutaneous leads used for neurostimulation of the peripheral nervous system have a much lower risk of infection with a coiled design compared to noncoiled leads, according to a review published online Sept. 27 in Pain Practice.
	Physical activity reduces intrahepatic lipid content (HealthDay)—For patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and underlying metabolic disorders, physical activity is associated with a reduction in intrahepatic lipid content and markers of hepatocellular injury, according to a meta-analysis published in the October issue of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
	Dupilumab effective in atopic dermatitis (HealthDay)—Dupilumab is effective for patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis that is inadequately controlled by topical treatment, according to a study published online Oct. 1 in the New England Journal of Medicine. The research was published to coincide with the annual European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Congress, held from Sept. 28 to Oct. 2 in Vienna.
	Novel proactive model identifies falls, syncope, dizziness (HealthDay)—A novel proactive multidisciplinary service model can identify falls, syncope, and dizziness symptoms, and reveal new diagnoses, according to a study published online Sept. 27 in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
	Risks, benefits of cangrelor consistent in angina, ACS (HealthDay)—For patients with stable angina (SA) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the benefits and risks of cangrelor are consistent, according to a study published in the Sept. 26 issue of JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions.
	New AMA module helps identify physician distress (HealthDay)—A new resource has been developed to help physicians identify distressed colleagues and help them to access care, according to a report published by the American Medical Association (AMA).
	Researchers question value of web-based test for prediabetes (HealthDay)—A simple, seven-question test for prediabetes may be needlessly sending millions of healthy Americans to their physicians for follow-up testing, according to a research letter published online Oct. 3 in JAMA Internal Medicine.
	Long-term pigmentation with minocycline in sclerotherapy (HealthDay)—For patients undergoing sclerotherapy, oral minocycline may induce significant pigmentation, according to a case report published online Sept. 28 in the Journal of Cutaneous Pathology.
Do older people take fewer risks? Studies by the University of Basel have shown that whether and how risk-taking propensity varies over a person's life span depends in part on how risk taking is measured. When subjects are asked how they assess their risk propensity, a clear reduction with age is the result. However, this reduction is not necessarily observed for specific risk-taking tasks. Depending on the type of task set, the propensity measured in older people can be unchanged, lower or higher. These heterogeneous results could be caused by an age-related functional change in the brain.
Disease-causing gut bacteria common in children A type of bacteria, which can cause diarrhea and inhibit growth in children in developing countries, has been found in 14% of a sample of children in an industrialized country. However, the children had only mild gastrointestinal symptoms or no symptoms at all. Understanding why is the next step for these researchers.
	Blocking Ran protein reverses resistance of lung and breast cancers Researchers at the University of Bradford have discovered a way to prevent chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer by blocking a protein found in cancer cells.
Rare patients with sickle cell disease live nearly twice national average With a national median life expectancy of 42-47 years, people with sickle cell disease (SCD) face many challenges, including severe pain episodes, stroke, and organ damage. Compounding these complications is that SCD—an inherited, lifelong blood disorder characterized by rigid and sickle-shaped red blood cells that stick to the blood vessels, blocking blood flow—has only one FDA-approved treatment, no widely available cure, and some people may have limited access to appropriate care.
	Sex before sport doesn't negatively impact performance Over the course of the Rio Olympics, 450,000 condoms were distributed around the athlete's village. This may be surprising considering the common view that abstinence from sexual activity can boost athletic performance.
	Diabetic fruit flies may unlock secrets in humans Fruit flies may be small, but the genetic secrets they can unlock for humans are mighty.
	Antibody drug conjugates may help personalize radiotherapy for patients with cancer Many types of cancer become drug resistant, making them difficult to treat. Researchers with University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center have identified a strategy to selectively sensitize certain cancer cells to radiation therapy that may improve tumor control and reduce treatment-related side effects.
How gut microbes help chemotherapy drugs Two bacterial species that inhabit the human gut activate immune cells to boost the effectiveness of a commonly prescribed anticancer drug, researchers report October 4 in Immunity. The study identifies a new role for Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis in activating cancer-fighting T cell immune responses, thereby enhancing the effects of the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide. Moreover, this microbe-driven immune response predicted longer progression-free survival in advanced lung and ovarian cancer patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy.
	Vitamin D increases the number of blood stem cells during embryonic development Short exposure to vitamin D influences the number of blood stem cells in human umbilical cords and zebrafish embryos, Harvard researchers report October 4 in Cell Reports. They hypothesize that the levels of vitamin D during fetal development may play a role in preventing the onset of blood-related disorders later in life. Vitamin D deficiency affects more than one billion people worldwide, and it is known that children born with severe vitamin D deficiency often develop a variety of blood-related issues, including anemia and low platelet numbers.
Study suggests a new tool for diagnosing post-concussion syndrome Repeated concussions or other mild traumatic brain injuries can lead to prolonged symptoms and impaired quality of life. Understanding the underlying cause and accurately identifying post-concussion syndrome, a common medical condition that develops after head trauma, is not a simple matter.
	Absent pulses up risk of major vascular outcomes in T2DM (HealthDay)—For patients with type 2 diabetes, absent dorsalis pedis and/or posterior tibial pulses are associated with increased risk of major vascular outcomes, according to a study published online Sept. 27 in Diabetes Care.
	Radiotherapy aids regional control of node+ melanoma (HealthDay)—Radiotherapy is effective in regional control of node-positive malignant melanoma, but patients are at risk of early distant relapse, according to a study published Sept. 25 in the Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology.
	High incidence of cardiovascular risk factors in older adults (HealthDay)—Older adults have high incidence of cardiovascular risk factors, with increased incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia for blacks, according to a study published online Sept. 26 in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
	Botox beats implant for urinary urgency incontinence in women (HealthDay)—For women with bladder incontinence who haven't been helped by medications or other therapies, Botox injections may help control leakage better than an implanted nerve stimulation device, a new study suggests.
	Men with Zika exposure to abstain from conceiving longer (HealthDay)—The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has released new recommendations on how long men with either Zika infection or exposure should abstain from trying to conceive. The recommendations have been published in the Sept. 30 early-release issue of the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	ATX-101 beneficial for submental fat reduction (HealthDay)—ATX-101, an injectable form of deoxycholic acid, is beneficial for submental fat (SMF) reduction, according to a study published in the October issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
	Patient satisfaction up with pharmacist-managed warfarin Tx (HealthDay)—Pharmacist-managed warfarin anticoagulation therapy is associated with improved patient satisfaction, although the benefits in terms of control, safety, and mortality are unclear, according to a review published online Sept. 28 in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics.
	Doctors spending in excess of $32,000 on health IT (HealthDay)—Doctors are spending more than $32,000 per year on health information technology (IT), according to an article published in Medical Economics.
	Summer concentrations of 25OHD predict bone mineral density (HealthDay)—Summer levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD) are associated with bone mineral density of the total hip, according to a study published online Sept. 25 in the Journal of Internal Medicine.
Handgrip strength provides a new window to health Handgrip could be used for early detection of health problems that may lead to premature death, according to a new study published in the journal PLOS ONE, by IIASA researcher Nadia Steiber. The study provides a comprehensive set of reference values that can be used in medical practice.
	A talk with a nurse can persuade hospital patients to quit smoking A short talk with a knowledgeable nurse could be the difference between a smoker stopping for cigarettes or stopping for nicotine gum on her way home from the hospital.
	Protein linked to high risk of Alzheimer's can be removed from brain without hindering learning A protein linked to higher risk of Alzheimer's can be removed from the brains of mice without hindering memory and learning, according to a study that addresses whether potential therapeutics targeting this protein would have detrimental side effects.
	Gene found that raises risk of childhood ear infections Researchers have discovered a gene region that raises the risk a child will have a middle ear infection, known to doctors as acute otitis media (AOM)—and known to parents as one reason for a screaming, unhappy preschooler. The finding may offer an early clue to helping doctors develop more effective treatments to prevent one of the most common childhood illnesses.
Future therapeutics: Drugs that stop free radicals at their source Go to any health food store and you're likely to see shelves crowded with antioxidants that promise to quell damage from free radicals, which are implicated in a myriad of human diseases and in the aging process itself. The problem is that antioxidants have failed to show benefits in several clinical trials and there is even some evidence they could be counterproductive.
	Scientists aim to slow fast growth of cancer cells The fight against cancer is a marathon, fought step by step, inch by inch. While breakthroughs may be rare, a new study from the Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry is giving greater insight into the growth of cancer cells and bringing researchers one step closer to the finish line.
An ADHD diagnosis puts girls at much higher risk for other mental health problems Girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are at higher risk than girls without ADHD for multiple mental disorders that often lead to cascading problems such as abusive relationships, teenage pregnancies, poor grades and drug abuse, UCLA psychologists report in the journal Pediatrics.
	Failed replication shows literary fiction doesn't boost social cognition When a 2013 study published in Science concluded that reading literary fiction for as few as 20 minutes could improve someone's social abilities, it made quite the splash. However, when researchers from the University of Pennsylvania, Pace University, Boston College and the University of Oklahoma tried to replicate the findings using the original study materials and methodology, the results didn't hold up.
Concussion can now be diagnosed with 95 percent specificity A team of researchers from the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine has shown that the I-Portal Neuro Otologic Test, which uses the head-mounted goggle that gauged eye movement through video cameras and computers, can successfully diagnose concussion with 95 percent specificity and 89 percent sensitivity. These findings illustrate how use of the I-Portal goggle can better identify oculomotor, vestibular and reaction time (OVRT) differences between those with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and non-affected individuals.
	Physician burnout: Researchers identify effective interventions After highlighting that more than half of American physicians are experiencing burnout, Mayo Clinic researchers now have identified some solutions that are being used to prevent or lessen burnout around the world. The findings show that some of the approaches being used are effective and making a difference. The article appears in the journal The Lancet.
	Cooling therapy might not help all cardiac arrest patients (HealthDay)—While cooling patients whose hearts stop suddenly outside the hospital may help improve outcomes, it doesn't seem to show the same benefit when cardiac arrest happens in a hospital setting, a new study suggests.
	FDA sued over delay on graphic cigarette warning labels (HealthDay)—The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is being sued over its delay in issuing a final rule about graphic health warnings on cigarette packs and ads.
Botox for wrinkles: Is it safe? Dear Mayo Clinic: Does Botox work on deep forehead wrinkles, or do you have to catch them early for it to make a big difference? Is long-term use safe? What happens if I have the injections regularly for a few years, but then quit? Will my forehead look worse than if I had never gotten Botox?
	A child's scraped knee turns scary in crisis-hit Venezuela It was just a scraped knee. So 3-year-old Ashley Pacheco's parents did what parents do: They gave her a hug, cleaned the wound twice with rubbing alcohol and thought no more of it.
Intersex—seeking the beauty in difference At 13 years old, Sean Saifa Wall was admitted to hospital with pain in his groin. He says that he was given very little information about what might be causing it, and doctors didn't discuss different options for treatment with him. He was told that his testes had to be removed immediately.
Age-specific strategies are needed when caring for older individuals with HIV A new article highlights the differences between older and younger adults living with HIV, and offers age-specific strategies on how to provide care.
Making medications safer for newborns Although new drugs must be shown to be both safe and effective for approval by the Food and Drug Administration, sick newborns receive most of their drug treatment off-label and without the evidence provided for adults and older children.
Should video monitors be used to detect night-time seizures in patients with epilepsy? Following a sudden death at a residential care unit, the Dutch Health and Care Inspectorate advised to intensify the use of video monitoring at the unit. Researchers now report that such video monitoring can help detect seizures at night, but the costs are high.
	Why insurance companies control your medical care It's that time of year again. Insurance companies that participate in the Affordable Care Act's state health exchanges are signaling that prices will rise dramatically this fall.
Antibiotics may be inappropriate for uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics are advised in most guidelines on diverticulitis, which arises when one or more small pouches in the digestive tract become inflamed or infected. Results from a randomized trial question the effectiveness of this practice, however.
Junior doctors' contract should be scrapped, argues leading doctor The junior doctors' contract "should be discarded and replaced with one drawn on a clean sheet," argues Neena Modi, Professor of neonatal medicine and president of the UK Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health.
	Video: The science behind PMS: What causes it and why Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, affects the majority of women to some degree. A grab bag of unpleasant physical and psychological symptoms, PMS can be much more than an annoyance.
	Does patient-centered care in diabetes improve glycemic control and quality of life? A new study has found that while patient-centered care (PCC) was associated with significant improvements in both physical and mental quality of life and some aspects of diabetes self-management, it did not have a significant effect on glycemic control. PCC needs to expand more broadly throughout the healthcare system to have a meaningful impact on glycemic control, propose the authors of an article published in Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics (DTT).
Millions leaving government insurance money on the table? Millions of Americans who bought individual health insurance outside the Affordable Care Act's public exchanges may be leaving money on the table if they skip those marketplaces again in picking 2017 coverage, a new report says.
Studies address improving care for Chinese American immigrants with depression Two recent studies led by Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) psychiatrists have investigated ways of improving the treatment of depression in Chinese American immigrants, a group that tends to avoid mental health treatment because of traditional cultural beliefs. One study evaluates the effectiveness of a telepsychiatry-based version of a previously developed model for culturally sensitive treatment, and the other examines the impact of stigma on the outcomes of depression treatment. Both studies have been published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.
England aims to end reliance on foreign doctors after Brexit England is to train more doctors so that it can end its reliance on foreign recruits for the state-funded National Health Service after it leaves the European Union, the government announced Tuesday.
	Vaccine may help diseases in animals, people meet their match A newly patented vaccine by Kansas State University researchers could be good news for meat consumers.

Biology news

	Study reveals Mediterranean fruit fly's genetic code An international team has completed the genome of the invasive Mediterranean fruit fly, marking a key step towards improving current methods to control this pest insect.
	Loner spiders prevail as pioneers A spider looking to immigrate to a different environment is three to four times more likely to survive if it goes by itself, as opposed to as part of a group.
	How drug-resistant bacteria build defences Improved understanding of the way hundreds of different types of disease-causing bacteria operate could help pave the way to tackling their effects, according to leading scientists.
	In pursuit of flat growth in leaves How does a set of plant cells grow from a bump into a flat leaf that can efficiently capture sunlight? In a paper published this week in PNAS, EMBL scientists show how different types of molecules on the top and bottom of a leaf keep each other in check, ensuring the leaf grows flat.
	Defying frost and the cold with hormones Plants cannot simply relocate to better surroundings when their environmental conditions are no longer suitable. Instead, they have developed sophisticated molecular adaptation mechanisms. Scientists at the Technical University Munich (TUM) in cooperation with the Helmholtz Center Munich and the University of Nottingham have been able to demonstrate that brassinosteroids, which until now have mainly been regarded as growth hormones, increase the resistance of plants against frost.
	Understanding chromatin's cancer connection When scientists finished decoding the human genome in 2003, they thought the findings would help us better understand diseases, discover genetic mutations linked to cancer, and lead to the design of smarter medicine. Now it's 13 years later, and not all of these ideas have not yet come to fruition.
	Problem-solving spreads both socially and culturally in bumblebees String pulling is a popular problem-solving task for investigating cognitive abilities in vertebrates, but has never been tested in insects. Now, a social insect has joined the club, according to a study publishing October 4, 2016 in the open-access journal PLOS Biology by Lars Chittka from Queen Mary University of London, UK, and colleagues. The researchers found that bumblebees can figure out how to pull a string to get a sugar water reward, that watching this helps other bees learn to do it too, and that this new skill continues to spread through a colony even after the original string-puller is gone.
	Evolution of a species also involves the bacteria it carries Animals live in close association with microorganisms, carrying beneficial bacteria while coping with pathogenic infections. Now, in a study published this week in PLoS Genetics, researchers from Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC, Portugal) discovered that symbiotic bacteria play a direct role in the evolution of their host, shaping the way it adapts to pathogens.
	Artificial intelligence could help farmers diagnose crop diseases A network of computers fed a large image dataset can learn to recognize specific plant diseases with a high degree of accuracy, potentially paving the way for field-based crop-disease identification using smartphones, according to a team of researchers at Penn State and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), in Lausanne, Switzerland.
	Antibiotics could be cut by up to a third, say dairy farmers Nine in 10 dairy farmers participating in a new survey from the Royal Association of British Dairy Farmers (RADBF) say that the farming industry must take a proactive lead in the battle against antibiotic resistance. Those questioned also think that over the next five years they could cut their own antibiotic use by almost a third in dry cow therapy and a fifth in clinical mastitis.
	Study sniffs out effects of dogs, humans on wildlife Exploring a protected forest like Umstead State Park in Raleigh with your dog sounds like a relaxing way to enjoy nature. But how much does your visit disturb wildlife?
	Invasive insects—an underestimated cost to the world economy Invasive insects cause at least 69 billion euros of damage per annum worldwide. Such is the estimation made by an international research team led by Franck Courchamp, CNRS research director at Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution (Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech) and notably including entomologists from IRD Montpellier and a CNRS economist. Their study brought together the largest database ever developed on economic damage attributable to invasive insects worldwide. Covering damage to goods and services, health care costs and agricultural losses, this study, conducted with the support of ANR and the BNP Paribas Foundation, considered 737 articles, books and reports. This work was published in Nature Communications on 4 October 2016.
Ivorian cassava yield triples with better soil management Cassava is a crucial stable crop for food security in southern Ivory Coast. However, yields and profitability are far below optimum.
Study reveals the protein structure of the human apoptosome Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, plays a central role in the maintenance of human health by providing a line of defense against unrestricted cell growth that occurs in many cancers and AIDS as well as in neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
Overlooked plants defy drought A feature thought to make plants sensitive to drought could actually hold the key to them coping with it better, according to new findings published in eLife.
	Cane toads make long-distance calls for love James Cook University scientists have discovered yet another advantage for cane toads - the ability to make mating calls that carry over a relatively long distance.
	Honey possums on the hunt for sweet nectar and pollen Tiny marsupials endemic to WA's southwest show resilience in the face of disappearing food and shelter, a Perth study suggests.
Two whale sharks and their 22-year annual pilgrimage Murdoch University researchers have demonstrated that two whale sharks, affectionately known as Stumpy and Zorro, have been making an annual pilgrimage to Ningaloo Reef for at least 22 years.
	Choosing a mate—it's the brain, not the nose, that knows How does a male moth find the right type of female for mating when there are two similar types luring him with their pheromones? In many species, differences in the antenna used by the male to smell these perfumes are responsible for his choice. However, in the European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), changes in the male's brain seem to dictate his choice between two types of available females. This is the finding of research conducted by an international team from the University of Amsterdam (UvA), the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology.
	An appetite suppressant with side effects Neurogeneticists from the University of Würzburg have discovered a peptide in Drosophila that has a strong impact on the fly's feeding and sleeping habits. At the same time, it is associated with the insects' circadian clock.
	First description and video of a rainbow boa preying on a vampire bat in a cave in Ecuador While snakes are well-known enemies to bats, their preying on the winged mammals has hardly been recorded. Furthermore, no bat as big and heavy as the common vampire, has been described being killed and eaten prior to the present study, published in the open access journal Subterranean Biology.
Large animals, such as the imperious African elephant, most vulnerable to impact of human expansion Some of the most iconic giants of the animal kingdom, such as the imperious African elephant, are most vulnerable to the detrimental impact of human expansion, new research has shown.
	In the belly of the Devil: New rare ant species found in the stomach of a poison frog While new ant species are usually discovered in surveys involving researchers searching through leaf litter, it turns out that sifting through the stomach contents of insect-eating frogs might prove no less effective, especially when it comes to rare species. Such is the case of a new species of rarely collected long-toothed ant, discovered in the belly of a Little Devil poison frog in Ecuador.
Warming temperatures can reduce marine diversity but increase freshwater species In contrast to previous research, scientists have found that habitat warming can reduce the diversity of species in marine environments, but increase speciation in freshwater habitats.
	26 jaguars killed in Panama so far this year Ricardo Moreno, research associate at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) in Panama and director of the Yaguará Panamá Foundation, reported at the 20th Congress of the Mesoamerican Society for Biology and Conservation held recently in Belize that the number of jaguar killings in Panama is on the rise.
	Metagenomic study links microbes to flavors in kefir A team of food scientists and microbiologists in Ireland have used high-throughput sequencing to analyze how microbial populations change as kefir ferments. It's a new frontier in food analysis: Using the data, collected over a 24-hour fermentation period, the researchers were able to connect the presence of individual microbial species and their associated pathways to flavor compounds in the fermented milk beverage. They reported their findings in mSystems, an open access journal of the ASM.
	Top African wildlife park looks to villages to stop poachers On the edge of South Africa's largest wildlife reserve, the line between poacher and park ranger can be uncomfortably thin. Sometimes, Marianne de Kock watches it disappear.
	Help for fishing vessels to locate their catch Big Data means that professional fishermen will soon be getting their own decision-making tool. It will tell them where fish shoals are located, and how their vessels can be operated as economically as possible.
Global warming collapses symbiotic gut bacteria, killing host insects October 4, 2016 - A new study shows that when heat-susceptible bacteria living symbiotically in the guts of insects are exposed to increased temperatures, both the bacteria and the insect are negatively impacted and can die. The study, reported online this week in the journal mBio, illustrates another way global warming will wreak havoc on life as we know it, setting off deleterious chain reactions among organisms living in symbiosis.
	Canine hyperactivity reflected in the blood count Professor Hannes Lohi's research group from the University of Helsinki and the Folkhälsan Research Centre has studied the blood count of hyperactive and impulsive dogs, together with the LC-MS Metabolomics Centre of Biocentre Kuopio (University of Eastern Finland). The results indicate that the metabolites of phospholipids, tryptophan in particular, differ from the blood counts of the control dogs. These results are similar to previous research done on ADHD patients. The study was published in the Behavioral and Brain Functions journal on 29 September 2016.
	GreenWood Resources licenses ORNL invention to boost biofuel yield GreenWood Resources has licensed an Oak Ridge National Laboratory technology based on the discovery of a gene in poplar (Populus trichocarpa) that makes it easier to convert poplar trees into biofuels.

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