Nature Physics October Issue

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Advertisement AIMResearch - Highlighting research from the Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR) in Japan, which promotes mathematics-materials science collaboration  Latest highlight: Metallic glasses: Spotting secret relaxations In the spotlight: Roundtable interview: A mathematician, an experimentalist and their interpreter  Register today for monthly email alerts! TABLE OF CONTENTS October 2016 Volume 12, Issue 10 Editorial Correspondence Thesis Books and Arts Research Highlights News and Views Progress Article Letters Articles Erratum Measure for Measure Advertisement Nobel laureates in their own words  Nature has published a series of video animations in which Noble prize-winning scientists tell us about their discoveries.  Watch these short video animations covering the tiniest known particles to the enormous universe, these discoveries in Physics are bound to amaze you. Click here to discover more. Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement An open access, online-only, multidisciplinary research journal dedicated to publishing the most important scientific advances in the life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering fields that are facilitated by spaceflight and analogue platforms. Explore the benefits of submitting your next research article.   Editorial Top A statement about data   p889 doi:10.1038/nphys3923 Nature Physics now requires its published papers to include information on whether and how their underlying data are accessible to others. Correspondence Top In defence of METI   p890 Douglas A. Vakoch doi:10.1038/nphys3897 See also: Thesis by Buchanan Thesis Top A matter of universal interest   p891 Mark Buchanan doi:10.1038/nphys3913 Books and Arts Top Conversation: A brief history of time travel   p892 Dave Goldberg reviews Time Travel: A History by James Gleick doi:10.1038/nphys3910 Research Highlights Top Black holes: The dark between the stars | Nuclear physics: Shape shifters | Intracellular transport: With a little help from my friends | Laser-plasma acceleration: Surf's up | Evaporation: Worth all the sweat News and Views Top Statistical physics: Localization goes long   pp894 - 895 Chris R. Laumann and Norman Y. Yao doi:10.1038/nphys3854 Signatures of many-body localization have been observed in a one-dimensional chain of trapped ions, heralding new studies of the interplay between localization and long-range interactions. See also: Letter by Smith et al. Two-dimensional materials: Heavy going   pp895 - 896 Christopher Mudry doi:10.1038/nphys3798 Chiral symmetry breaking is imaged in graphene which, through a mechanism analogous to mass generation in quantum electrodynamics, could provide a means for making it semiconducting. See also: Article by Gutierrez et al. Galactic astronomy: A billion stars in our grasp   p896 Marios Karouzos doi:10.1038/nphys3917 Quantum hydrodynamics: Acoustic Hawking radiation   pp897 - 898 Iacopo Carusotto and Roberto Balbinot doi:10.1038/nphys3872 A milestone for quantum hydrodynamics may have been reached, with experiments on a black hole-like event horizon for sound waves providing strong evidence for a sonic analogue of Hawking radiation. Spin-orbit coupling: Ready for a close-up   pp898 - 899 Junsaku Nitta doi:10.1038/nphys3794 Rashba spin-orbit coupling has already provided fertile physics and applications in spintronics but real-space imaging shows how the strength of this interaction varies on the nanoscale. See also: Letter by Bindel et al. Fluid dynamics: How water explodes   pp899 - 900 Susan Davis Allen doi:10.1038/nphys3912 Micro-explosions triggered by the absorption of X-ray laser light in drops and jets of water result in shock waves and in rapid heating and expansion of the liquid - as now revealed in state-of-the-art experiments. See also: Article by Stan et al. Physics JOBS of the week Physics / Systems Biology Institute Assistant Professor Yale University - Systems Biology Institute/Physics Faculty Position in Theoretical Soft Condensed Matter Physics New York University Assistant Professor in Experimental Quantum Condensed Matter Physics University of Pennsylvania Professor of Experimental Condensed Matter Physics University of Luxembourg / FSTC More Science jobs from Progress Article Top The physics of spreading processes in multilayer networks   pp901 - 906 Manlio De Domenico, Clara Granell, Mason A. Porter and Alex Arenas doi:10.1038/nphys3865 Reshaping network theory to describe the multilayered structures of the real world has formed a focus in complex networks research in recent years. Progress in our understanding of dynamical processes is but one of the fruits of this labour. Letters Top Many-body localization in a quantum simulator with programmable random disorder   pp907 - 911 J. Smith, A. Lee, P. Richerme, B. Neyenhuis, P. W. Hess et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3783 Interacting quantum systems are expected to thermalize, but in some situations in the presence of disorder they can exist in localized states instead. This many-body localization is studied experimentally in a small system with programmable disorder. See also: News and Views by Laumann & Yao Fermionic response from fractionalization in an insulating two-dimensional magnet   pp912 - 915 J. Nasu, J. Knolle, D. L. Kovrizhin, Y. Motome and R. Moessner doi:10.1038/nphys3809 An intriguing state of matter known as a quantum spin liquid has been predicted to host Majorana fermions. A detailed theoretical and numerical analysis re-interprets existing Raman data for α-RuCl3 and uncovers direct evidence of a fermionic response. Scaling between magnetic field and temperature in the high-temperature superconductor BaFe2(As1-xPx)2   pp916 - 919 Ian M. Hayes, Ross D. McDonald, Nicholas P. Breznay, Toni Helm, Philip J. W. Moll et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3773 The linear change in resistance with temperature in high-temperature superconductors is an enduring mystery. And now, the resistance in a magnetic field shows similar scaling, suggesting that physicists have another probe of the linear behaviour. Probing variations of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling at the nanometre scale   pp920 - 925 Jan Raphael Bindel, Mike Pezzotta, Jascha Ulrich, Marcus Liebmann, Eugene Ya. Sherman et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3774 Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy provides access to the spatial variations in the strength of Rashba spin-orbit coupling in a two-dimensional electron system, with local fluctuations shown to cause spin dephasing. See also: News and Views by Nitta Elastic instability-mediated actuation by a supra-molecular polymer   pp926 - 930 Aviad Levin, Thomas C. T. Michaels, Lihi Adler-Abramovich, Thomas O. Mason, Thomas Muller et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3808 The elastic energy built up during peptide self-assembly is exploited in the realization of a microactuator. The energy stored is released on millisecond timescales via a buckling instability controlled with droplet microfluidics. Articles Top Dynamics of prey prehension by chameleons through viscous adhesion   pp931 - 935 Fabian Brau, Déborah Lanterbecq, Leila-Nastasia Zghikh, Vincent Bels and Pascal Damman doi:10.1038/nphys3795 Chameleons rely on strong adhesion to manoeuvre prey with their tongues at high speeds across distances up to twice their body length. A large contact area and high mucus viscosity are shown to engender an efficient capture mechanism. Topological semimetals with helicoid surface states   pp936 - 941 Chen Fang, Ling Lu, Junwei Liu and Liang Fu doi:10.1038/nphys3782 A detailed theoretical and numerical study demonstrates a connection between the electronic structure of topological semimetals and Riemann surfaces. Physical realization of a quantum spin liquid based on a complex frustration mechanism   pp942 - 949 Christian Balz, Bella Lake, Johannes Reuther, Hubertus Luetkens, Rico Schonemann et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3826 A detailed and systematic study of Ca10Cr7O28 reveals all the hallmarks of spin-liquid behaviour, in spite of the compound's unusually complex structure. Imaging chiral symmetry breaking from Kekulé bond order in graphene   pp950 - 958 Christopher Gutierrez, Chéol-Joo Kim, Lola Brown, Theanne Schiros, Dennis Nordlund et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3776 Scanning tunnelling microscopy shows how the interaction between electrons in graphene and atomic vacancies in a copper substrate produces Kekulé ordering - an electronic phase that breaks chiral symmetry. See also: News and Views by Mudry Observation of quantum Hawking radiation and its entanglement in an analogue black hole   pp959 - 965 Jeff Steinhauer doi:10.1038/nphys3863 Hawking radiation is observed emanating from an analogue black hole, with measurements of the entanglement between the pairs of particles inside and outside the hole offering tantalizing insights into the field of black hole thermodynamics. See also: News and Views by Carusotto & Balbinot Liquid explosions induced by X-ray laser pulses   pp966 - 971 Claudiu A. Stan, Despina Milathianaki, Hartawan Laksmono, Raymond G. Sierra, Trevor A. McQueen et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3779 X-ray-induced explosions in water drops, examined using time-resolved imaging, show interacting high-speed liquid and vapour flows. This type of X-ray absorption dynamics is predictable and may be used for inducing particular dynamical liquid states. See also: News and Views by Allen Time reversal and holography with spacetime transformations   pp972 - 977 Vincent Bacot, Matthieu Labousse, Antonin Eddi, Mathias Fink and Emmanuel Fort doi:10.1038/nphys3810 Using a water bath subject to a sudden vertical jolt - representing a change in the effective gravity - researchers demonstrate the concept of a 'time mirror', where time-reversed waves return to their point source following a downward jolt. Explaining the dynamics of the ultra-relativistic third Van Allen radiation belt   pp978 - 983 I. R. Mann, L. G. Ozeke, K. R. Murphy, S. G. Claudepierre, D. L. Turner et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3799 The appearance of a third radiation belt in the Earth's Van Allen belts is difficult to explain using existing models for two belts. However, a model based on ultra-low-frequency waves agrees quantitatively with measurements of the third belt. Erratum Top Erratum: Josephson ϕ0-junction in nanowire quantum dots   p984 D. B. Szombati, S. Nadj-Perge, D. Car, S. R. Plissard, E. P. A. M. Bakkers et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3898 See also: Letter by Szombati et al. Measure for Measure Top A tale of two masses   p986 Edmund G. Myers doi:10.1038/nphys3896 The most precise measurements of the atomic masses of the proton and the electron make use of Penning traps, and for the latter, a hydrogen-like ion, as Edmund Myers explains. 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