Nature Medicine Contents: October 2016 Volume 22 Number 10 pp 1063-1192

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TABLE OF CONTENTS October 2016 Volume 22, Issue 10 Editorials News Correspondence News and Views Review Brief Communication Articles Letters Corrigenda Advertisement   Access two free issues of MARROW here! A series of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, MARROW publishes research spanning basic, translational, and clinical bone and bone marrow biology and medicine, including: regenerative biology, osteoimmunology, intercellular signaling, integrative physiology, hematopoietic malignancies and more. Click here to access free content now! Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Cleveland Clinic, one of the top two hospitals in the United States by US News and World Report, is home to the Lerner Research Institute (LRI), consistently ranked in the top 10 of NIH-funded research institutes in the US. Postdoctoral opportunities are available for highly motivated individuals in multiple laboratories.  Click here for specific fellowship descriptions   Advertisement nature.com webcasts Springer Nature presents a custom webcast on: uDISCO for whole organs and organisms: A new way of large sample imaging Date: Thursday October 27, 2016 Time: 8AM PDT, 11AM EDT, 4PM BST, 5PM CEST Register for FREE Sponsored by: Bitplane LaVision Biotech Andor Technology     Editorials Top Reducing the silence   p1063 doi:10.1038/nm.4209 The suicide rate in the US is increasing, whereas funding for research into suicide prevention has decreased. It will take more investment to truly understand the mechanisms of action underlying the causes of this global killer and to design new treatments for those causes. But efforts must come from all segments of society. Where are the data?   p1064 doi:10.1038/nm.4215 Here, we announce two policy changes across Nature journals: data-availability statements in all published papers and official Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) validation reports for peer review. News Top News Features Of mice and interaction: A new way to investigate complex genetic traits   pp1065 - 1066 Ellie Kincaid doi:10.1038/nm1016-1065 Picture imperfect: Going beyond imaging amyloid in Alzheimer's disease   pp1067 - 1068 Ellie Kincaid doi:10.1038/nm1016-1067 Reservoirs of resistance: To understand why antibiotics fail, geneticists chase the 'resistome'   pp1069 - 1071 Shraddha Chakradhar doi:10.1038/nm1016-1069 Correspondence Top SAMHD1-mediated HIV-1 restriction in cells does not involve ribonuclease activity   pp1072 - 1074 Jenna M Antonucci, Corine St. Gelais, Suresh de Silva, Jacob S Yount, Chenxiang Tang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4163 Reply to SAMHD1-mediated HIV-1 restriction in cells does not involve ribonuclease activity   pp1074 - 1075 Jeongmin Ryoo, Sung-Yeon Hwang, Jongsu Choi, Changhoon Oh and Kwangseog Ahn doi:10.1038/nm.4164 News and Views Top A broader spectrum of tuberculosis   pp1076 - 1077 Dirk Schnappinger and Sabine Ehrt doi:10.1038/nm.4186 Two new studies show that high-resolution imaging can detect active tuberculosis (TB) in people otherwise diagnosed as healthy. Individuals with these signs of active infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) were at an increased risk of developing clinical TB. See also: Brief Communication by Esmail et al. | Article by Malherbe et al. Blocking fatty acid synthesis reduces lung tumor growth in mice   pp1077 - 1078 Jiyeon Kim and Ralph J DeBerardinis doi:10.1038/nm.4195 Tumors often overexpress enzymes that synthesize fatty acids, but the requirement for fatty acid synthesis in tumor growth is unclear. A new fatty acid-synthesis inhibitor blunts lung tumor growth in mice, which implicates this process as a targetable liability. See also: Article by Svensson et al. Nature Medicine JOBS of the week Post-doctoral Associate - Genetic Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine Institute for Computational Medicine (Faculty Position) NYU School of Medicine Faculty Positions, Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine The Jackson Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship in Cardiovascular Precision Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Senior Research Assistants at Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Cancer Center and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy More Science jobs from Nature Medicine EVENT More science events from Review Top Signals from the gut microbiota to distant organs in physiology and disease   pp1079 - 1089 Bjoern O Schroeder and Fredrik Backhed doi:10.1038/nm.4185 Brief Communication Top Characterization of progressive HIV-associated tuberculosis using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission and computed tomography   pp1090 - 1093 Hanif Esmail, Rachel P Lai, Maia Lesosky, Katalin A Wilkinson, Christine M Graham et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4161 By using combined positron emission and computed tomography (PET-CT), Esmail et al. show that some patients with latent tuberculosis have signs of subclinical, active disease in the lungs and a greater likelihood of progression, suggesting a spectrum of disease rather than discrete latent and active disease states. See also: News and Views by Schnappinger & Ehrt Advertisement Nature Collection: Computational Biology Advances in technology across all areas of science have ushered in an era of big data, providing researchers with unprecedented opportunities to understand how biological systems function and interact. Access this collection free online for six months Produced with support from: IBM Research & IBM Watson Health   Articles Top Persisting positron emission tomography lesion activity and Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA after tuberculosis cure   pp1094 - 1100 Stephanus T Malherbe, Shubhada Shenai, Katharina Ronacher, Andre G Loxton, Gregory Dolganov et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4177 Stephanus Malherbe and colleagues conducted positron emission tomography-computerized tomography lung scans of patients before and after tuberculosis therapy and report that even in cured, culture-negative patients the majority show lung lesions after 6 months of therapy, suggesting possible persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. See also: News and Views by Schnappinger & Ehrt Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of Zika virus infection and induced neural cell death via a drug repurposing screen   pp1101 - 1107 Miao Xu, Emily M Lee, Zhexing Wen, Yichen Cheng, Wei-Kai Huang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4184 A high-throughput screen of preclinical, investigational and FDA-approved drugs identifies compounds that possess antiviral and neuroprotective effects against Zika virus infection in human neural progenitor cells and astrocytes. Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase suppresses fatty acid synthesis and tumor growth of non-small-cell lung cancer in preclinical models   pp1108 - 1119 Robert U Svensson, Seth J Parker, Lillian J Eichner, Matthew J Kolar, Martina Wallace et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4181 An allosteric inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase reveals a metabolic liability of non-small-cell lung cancer and slows tumor growth alone and in combination with chemotherapy in mouse models. See also: News and Views by Kim & DeBerardinis An AMP-activated protein kinase-stabilizing peptide ameliorates adipose tissue wasting in cancer cachexia in mice   pp1120 - 1130 Maria Rohm, Michaela Schafer, Victor Laurent, Bilgen Ekim Ustunel, Katharina Niopek et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4171 Cancer cachexia is marked by a pathological loss of fat tissue, but preventing the degradation of AMPK in this tissue helps preserve its mass in mouse models. The long noncoding RNA Chaer defines an epigenetic checkpoint in cardiac hypertrophy   pp1131 - 1139 Zhihua Wang, Xiao-Jing Zhang, Yan-Xiao Ji, Peng Zhang, Ke-Qiong Deng et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4179 The lncRNA Chaer controls hypertrophic heart growth by binding to and interfering with the function of the epigenetic regulator PRC2. Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing controls cathepsin S expression in atherosclerosis by enabling HuR-mediated post-transcriptional regulation   pp1140 - 1150 Konstantinos Stellos, Aikaterini Gatsiou, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Ljubica Perisic Matic, David John et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4172 RNA editing by the adenosine deaminase ADAR1 controls cathepsin S expression in endothelial cells, a mechanism that is implicated in determining cathepsin S levels in patients with atherosclerotic vascular diseases. Purinergic receptors in the carotid body as a new drug target for controlling hypertension   pp1151 - 1159 Wioletta Pijacka, Davi J A Moraes, Laura E K Ratcliffe, Angus K Nightingale, Emma C Hart et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4173 A small-molecule antagonist of the P2X3 receptor reduces blood pressure in hypertensive rats via its action on the carotid body, pointing to a new drug target for treating hypertension. Implant-derived magnesium induces local neuronal production of CGRP to improve bone-fracture healing in rats   pp1160 - 1169 Yifeng Zhang, Jiankun Xu, Ye Chun Ruan, Mei Kuen Yu, Micheal O'Laughlin et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4162 A novel stainless-steel pin has been engineered with a pure magnesium core that promotes improved fracture healing in rats by inducing local production of a key neuropeptide for osteogenesis. Serotonin-reuptake inhibitors act centrally to cause bone loss in mice by counteracting a local anti-resorptive effect   pp1170 - 1179 Maria Jose Ortuno, Samuel T Robinson, Prakash Subramanyam, Riccardo Paone, Yung-yu Huang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4166 Long-term use of serotonin-reuptake inhibitors causes bone loss by acting centrally to counteract a peripheral, beneficial effect on bone. Advertisement Nature Reviews Nephrology: Poster on Hyperkalaemia This poster describes the aetiology of hyperkalaemia; homeostatic mechanisms involved in maintaining potassium balance, including the role of the kidney in this process; the cardiovascular consequences of hyperkalaemia; and therapeutic strategies.  Available to download free online Produced with support from Relypsa, Inc.     Letters Top HAUSP deubiquitinates and stabilizes N-Myc in neuroblastoma   pp1180 - 1186 Omid Tavana, Dawei Li, Chao Dai, Gonzalo Lopez, Debarshi Banerjee et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4180 The ubiquitin-specific protease HAUSP deubiquitinates and stabilizes N-Myc, and small-molecule inhibitors of HAUSP suppress the growth of MYCN-amplified human neuroblastoma cell lines implanted in mice. Neonatal gut microbiota associates with childhood multisensitized atopy and T cell differentiation   pp1187 - 1191 Kei E Fujimura, Alexandra R Sitarik, Suzanne Havstad, Din L Lin, Sophia Levan et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4176 Differences in the composition of the gut microbiota of infants associate with relative risk of atopy in childhood, and metabolites linked with these distinct microbial states alter T cell differentiation ex vivo. Corrigenda Top Corrigendum: Adjuvant-dependent innate and adaptive immune signatures of risk of SIVmac251 acquisition   p1192 Monica Vaccari, Shari N Gordon, Slim Fourati, Luca Schifanella, Namal P M Liyanage et al. doi:10.1038/nm1016-1192a Corrigendum: Inter-individual variability and genetic influences on cytokine responses to bacteria and fungi   p1192 Yang Li, Marije Oosting, Patrick Deelen, Isis Ricano-Ponce, Sanne Smeekens et al. doi:10.1038/nm1016-1192b Corrigendum: Blocking c-Met-mediated PARP1 phosphorylation enhances anti-tumor effects of PARP inhibitors   p1192 Yi Du, Hirohito Yamaguchi, Yongkun Wei, Jennifer L Hsu, Hung-Ling Wang et al. doi:10.1038/nm1016-1192c Corrigendum: High-throughput epitope discovery reveals frequent recognition of neo-antigens by CD4+ T cells in human melanoma   p1192 Carsten Linnemann, Marit M van Buuren, Laura Bies, Els M E Verdegaal, Remko Schotte et al. doi:10.1038/nm1016-1192d Top Advertisement nature.com webcasts Springer Nature presents a custom webcast on: Optimizing sensitivity and specificity in the RT-QuIC assay using BMG plate readers Date: Wednesday October 19, 2016 Time: 8AM PDT, 11AM EDT, 4PM BST, 5PM CEST  Register for FREE at   And learn how the RT-QuIC assay is currently being used as a diagnostic in the clinical setting for CJD and has the potential to be a valuable screening tool. 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