Nature Physics April Issue

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TABLE OF CONTENTS April 2016 Volume 12, Issue 4 Editorial Thesis Research Highlights News and Views Letters Articles Measure for Measure Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement An open access, online-only, multidisciplinary research journal dedicated to publishing the most important scientific advances in the life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering fields that are facilitated by spaceflight and analogue platforms. Explore the benefits of submitting your next research article.   Advertisement Nature Conference on FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS — CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES  June 6-8, 2016 | Nanjing, China Presented by: Nanjing Tech University | Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nature Communications | Nature  REGISTER NOW!   Editorial Top Form follows need   p285 doi:10.1038/nphys3731 The history of physics publishing in the past century shows how the changing needs of the research community shaped the dissemination of knowledge through scientific journals. Thesis Top Bringing Young to life   p286 Mark Buchanan doi:10.1038/nphys3718 Research Highlights Top Early Universe: Back to the beginning | Phase transitions: Dimensionality matters | Traffic networks: Back-street ploys | Valleytronics: Sound out | Bioacoustic monitoring: A whale of a job News and Views Top Ultracold atoms: A topological charge pump   pp288 - 289 Roberta Citro doi:10.1038/nphys3649 Two experiments with ultracold fermionic and bosonic atoms in optical superlattices demonstrate the quantized charge transport predicted by Thouless in the 1980s. See also: Letter by Nakajima et al. History of science: Foundation check   p289 Luke Fleet doi:10.1038/nphys3723 High-temperature superconductivity: Isolating the gap   pp290 - 291 Nigel Hussey doi:10.1038/nphys3716 Disentangling the physics of the pseudogap phase from the other electronic phases of high-temperature superconductors has long been a frustrating problem. A recent high-field experiment has isolated it completely - thus raising hopes that its origin can finally be understood. Fluid dynamics: Spirited away   p291 Bart Verberck doi:10.1038/nphys3721 Neutrino physics: On the path to precision   pp292 - 293 Ben Still doi:10.1038/nphys3717 The first results from the NOvA experiment confirm what we already know about neutrino oscillations. As data collection continues we are getting closer to finding the remaining unknown parameters. Computational cosmology: A general relativistic approach   pp293 - 294 Sabino Matarrese doi:10.1038/nphys3706 The quality and quantity of current and forthcoming cosmological datasets call for both analytical and numerical modelling of the dynamics of nonlinear gravitational matter based on general relativity. See also: Letter by Adamek et al. Physics JOBS of the week CIHR Tier 1 CRC in Medical / Bio Physics or Biomedical Sciences Ryerson University Associate or Full Professor for >>Experimental Semiconductor Physics<< Technische Universität München - TUM PhD positions in Material Sciences, Physics, and Chemistry TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology) Professorship (W3) in Experimental Physics Universität Bielefeld More Science jobs from Letters Top Topological Thouless pumping of ultracold fermions   pp296 - 300 Shuta Nakajima, Takafumi Tomita, Shintaro Taie, Tomohiro Ichinose, Hideki Ozawa et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3622 Charge transport in a cyclically time-modulated periodic potential, also known as a topological Thouless pump, has been realized in an ultracold gas of fermionic atoms. See also: News and Views by Citro Ptychographic measurements of ultrahigh-intensity laser-plasma interactions   pp301 - 305 A. Leblanc, S. Monchocé, C. Bourassin-Bouchet, S. Kahaly and F. Quéré doi:10.1038/nphys3596 Experimentally probing the dynamics of laser-plasma interactions is hard, owing to the nature of the relevant temporal and spatial scales at play. Ptychography, a phase-problem solving technique, can help the analysis of such interaction measurements. Selective scattering between Floquet-Bloch and Volkov states in a topological insulator   pp306 - 310 Fahad Mahmood, Ching-Kit Chan, Zhanybek Alpichshev, Dillon Gardner, Young Lee et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3609 Time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy experiments are used to monitor the transition between Floquet-Bloch and Volkov states in the topological insulator Bi2Se3. Direct observation of spin-orbit coupling in iron-based superconductors   pp311 - 317 S. V. Borisenko, D. V. Evtushinsky, Z.-H. Liu, I. Morozov, R. Kappenberger et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3594 A systematic spectroscopic analysis of the principal members of the iron pnictide family of superconductors reveals a substantial spin-orbit splitting. Quantum oscillations of the critical current and high-field superconducting proximity in ballistic graphene   pp318 - 322 M. Ben Shalom, M. J. Zhu, V. I. Fal'ko, A. Mishchenko, A. V. Kretinin et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3592 Josephson junctions based on graphene exhibit tunable proximity effects. The appearance of superconducting states when changing magnetic field and carrier concentration has now been investigated-some proximity effect survives for fields above 1 T. Excitonic luminescence upconversion in a two-dimensional semiconductor   pp323 - 327 Aaron M. Jones, Hongyi Yu, John R. Schaibley, Jiaqiang Yan, David G. Mandrus et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3604 An upconversion from negatively charged to neutral excitons is observed in monolayer tungsten diselenide, which could provide a route for cooling two-dimensional semiconductors using lasers. Specular interband Andreev reflections at van der Waals interfaces between graphene and NbSe2   pp328 - 332 D. K. Efetov, L. Wang, C. Handschin, K. B. Efetov, J. Shuang et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3583 Andreev reflection occurs at the interface of a metal and a superconductor when an incident electron in the metal gets 'reflected' as a hole travelling on the same path. Replace the metal with graphene and specular reflection may instead take place. Adiabatic spin-transfer-torque-induced domain wall creep in a magnetic metal   pp333 - 336 S. DuttaGupta, S. Fukami, C. Zhang, H. Sato, M. Yamanouchi et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3593 The creep motion of domain walls in magnetic metals can belong to different universality classes depending on whether they are driven by magnetic fields or spin-polarized currents. Symmetry-protected topological photonic crystal in three dimensions   pp337 - 340 Ling Lu, Chen Fang, Liang Fu, Steven G. Johnson, John D. Joannopoulos et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3611 Crystal symmetries may protect single Dirac cones on the surface of a photonic crystal, creating a photonic analogue of a three-dimensional solid-state topological insulator. Ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order in bacterial vortex lattices   pp341 - 345 Hugo Wioland, Francis G. Woodhouse, Jörn Dunkel and Raymond E. Goldstein doi:10.1038/nphys3607 Hydrodynamic coupling induces a vortex state in bacterial populations. Microfluidic experiments and modelling now demonstrate that lattices of these vortices can self-organize into patterns characterized by ferro- and antiferromagnetic order. General relativity and cosmic structure formation   pp346 - 349 Julian Adamek, David Daverio, Ruth Durrer and Martin Kunz doi:10.1038/nphys3673 When general relativity is included in large-scale simulations of the cosmic structure of the Universe, relativistic effects turn out to be small but measurable, thus providing tests for models of dark matter and dark energy. See also: News and Views by Matarrese Articles Top A Thouless quantum pump with ultracold bosonic atoms in an optical superlattice   pp350 - 354 M. Lohse, C. Schweizer, O. Zilberberg, M. Aidelsburger and I. Bloch doi:10.1038/nphys3584 Thouless introduced the idea of a topological charge pump: the quantized motion of charge due to the slow cyclic variation of a periodic potential. This topologically protected transport has now been realized with ultracold bosonic atoms. See also: News and Views by Citro Vacuum laser acceleration of relativistic electrons using plasma mirror injectors   pp355 - 360 M. Thévenet, A. Leblanc, S. Kahaly, H. Vincenti, A. Vernier et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3597 Exploiting lasers for accelerating charged particles to relativistic velocities has long been theoretically considered. Now, applying a plasma mirror for injecting electrons into an intense laser field in vacuum is shown to lead to such acceleration. A measure of monopole inertia in the quantum spin ice Yb2Ti2O7   pp361 - 366 LiDong Pan, N. J. Laurita, Kate A. Ross, Bruce D. Gaulin and N. P. Armitage doi:10.1038/nphys3608 The dynamic susceptibility of the quantum spin ice material Yb2Ti2O7 is probed by means of time-domain spectroscopic techniques, providing a handle on the conductivity of monopole excitations in this system. Minimal model for spontaneous cell polarization and edge activity in oscillating, rotating and migrating cells   pp367 - 373 Franck Raynaud, Mark E. Ambuhl, Chiara Gabella, Alicia Bornert, Ivo F. Sbalzarini et al. doi:10.1038/nphys3615 Cells break their symmetry to migrate, switching between protrusive and retractive edge activity to move directionally. Experiments and simulations reveal that this mode switching relies on a mechanism that depends on distance to the cell's centre. Measure for Measure Top Which side are you on?   p374 Vincent Icke doi:10.1038/nphys3713 Vincent Icke paints a portrait of the bewildering cosmological constant. Top Advertisement npj Flexible Electronics is an new open access journal and is now open for submissions. The journal publishes the latest high-quality breakthrough research and developments in all aspects related to interdisciplinary flexible electronics topics. 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