Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: 22 March 2016

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22 March 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               Read the latest key research on aging and age-related diseases from npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease, a new open access journal published in partnership with the Japanese Society of Anti-Aging Medicine (JAAM).   Yeast longevity: Living longer with heavy isotopes  Heterochronic microRNAs in temporal specification of neural stem cells: application toward rejuvenation                  Biological Sciences               Deletion of Galectin-3 Enhances Xenobiotic Induced Murine Primary Biliary Cholangitis by Facilitating Apoptosis of BECs and Release of Autoantigens ▶     Aleksandar Arsenijevic, Marija Milovanovic, Jelena Milovanovic et al.     Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate binding lectin, with multiple roles in inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity including its antiapoptotic effect on epithelial cells. In …             ROS-generating TiO2 nanoparticles for non-invasive sonodynamic therapy of cancer ▶     Dong Gil You, V. G. Deepagan, Wooram Um et al.     The non-invasive photodynamic therapy has been limited to treat superficial tumours, primarily ascribed to poor tissue penetration of light as the energy source. Herein, we …             Range wide molecular data and niche modeling revealed the Pleistocene history of a global invader (Halyomorpha halys) ▶     Geng-Ping Zhu, Zhen Ye, Juan Du et al.     Invasive species’ Pleistocene history contains much information on its present population structure, dispersability and adaptability. In this study, the Pleistocene history of a …             Metabolic phenotyping for monitoring ovarian cancer patients ▶     Chaofu Ke, Ang Li, Yan Hou et al.     Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most deadly of the gynecological cancers. New approaches and better tools for monitoring treatment efficacy and disease progression of EOC …             The conifer biomarkers dehydroabietic and abietic acids are widespread in Cyanobacteria ▶     Maria Sofia Costa, Adriana Rego, Vitor Ramos et al.     Terpenes, a large family of natural products with important applications, are commonly associated with plants and fungi. The diterpenoids dehydroabietic and abietic acids are …             Genome-wide identification and developmental expression profiling of long noncoding RNAs during Drosophila metamorphosis ▶     Bing Chen, Yi Zhang, Xia Zhang et al.     An increasing number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered with the recent advances in RNA-sequencing technologies. lncRNAs play key roles across diverse …             Lighting Up Clostridium Difficile: Reporting Gene Expression Using Fluorescent Lov Domains ▶     Anthony M. Buckley, Caitlin Jukes, Denise Candlish et al.     The uses of fluorescent reporters derived from green fluorescent protein have proved invaluable for the visualisation of biological processes in bacteria grown under aerobic …             Ungulate malaria parasites ▶     Thomas J. Templeton, Masahito Asada, Montakan Jiratanh et al.     Haemosporida parasites of even-toed ungulates are diverse and globally distributed, but since their discovery in 1913 their characterization has relied exclusively on …             Hxt13, Hxt15, Hxt16 and Hxt17 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae represent a novel type of polyol transporters ▶     Paulina Jordan, Jun-Yong Choe, Eckhard Boles et al.     The genome of S. cerevisae encodes at least twenty hexose transporter-like proteins. Despite extensive research, the functions of Hxt8-Hxt17 have remained poorly defined. Here, …             Ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 attenuates RIG-I mediated antiviral signaling by segregating activated RIG-I from its signaling platform ▶     Nhung T.H. Nguyen, Hesung Now, Woo-Jong Kim et al.     RIG-I is a key cytosolic RNA sensor that mediates innate immune defense against RNA virus. Aberrant RIG-I activity leads to severe pathological states such as autosomal dominant …             HIV-1 cellular and tissue replication patterns in infected humanized mice ▶     Mariluz Araínga, Hang Su, Larisa Y. Poluektova et al.     Humanized mice have emerged as a testing platform for HIV-1 pathobiology by reflecting natural human disease processes. Their use to study HIV-1 biology, virology, immunology, …             CpG methylation patterns of human mitochondrial DNA ▶     Baojing Liu, Qingqing Du, Lu Chen et al.     The epigenetic modification of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is still in controversy. To clarify this point, we applied the gold standard method for DNA methylation, bisulfite …             Metagenomic analysis of bloodstream infections in patients with acute leukemia and therapy-induced neutropenia ▶     P. Gyarmati, C. Kjellander, C. Aust et al.     Leukemic patients are often immunocompromised due to underlying conditions, comorbidities and the effects of chemotherapy, and thus at risk for developing systemic infections. …             Differential response of patient-derived primary glioblastoma cells to environmental stiffness ▶     Thomas James Grundy, Ellen De Leon, Kaitlyn Rose Griffin et al.     The ability of cancer cells to sense external mechanical forces has emerged as a significant factor in the promotion of cancer invasion. Currently there are conflicting reports …             A two-component system regulates gene expression of the type IX secretion component proteins via an ECF sigma factor ▶     Tomoko Kadowaki, Hideharu Yukitake, Mariko Naito et al.     The periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis secretes potent pathogenic proteases, gingipains, via the type IX secretion system (T9SS). This system comprises at least 11 …             Neural Univariate Activity and Multivariate Pattern in the Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus Differentially Encode Facial Expression and Identity ▶     Zetian Yang, Zonglei Zhen, Lijie Huang et al.     Faces contain a variety of information such as one’s identity and expression. One prevailing model suggests a functional division of labor in processing faces that different …             Influences of population density on polyandry and patterns of sperm usage in the marine gastropod Rapana venosa ▶     Dong-Xiu Xue, Tao Zhang, Jin-Xian Liu     Polyandry is a common mating strategy in animals, with potential for sexual selection to continue post-copulation through sperm competition and/or cryptic female choice. Few …             Identification of genes for controlling swine adipose deposition by integrating transcriptome, whole-genome resequencing, and quantitative trait loci data ▶     Kai Xing, Feng Zhu, LiWei Zhai et al.     Backfat thickness is strongly associated with meat quality, fattening efficiency, reproductive performance, and immunity in pigs. Fat storage and fatty acid synthesis mainly …             Single-cell RNA-seq reveals activation of unique gene groups as a consequence of stem cell-parenchymal cell fusion ▶     Brian T. Freeman, Jangwook P. Jung, Brenda M. Ogle     Fusion of donor mesenchymal stem cells with parenchymal cells of the recipient can occur in the brain, liver, intestine and heart following transplantation. The therapeutic …             Quasi-extinction risk and population targets for the Eastern, migratory population of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) ▶     Brice X. Semmens, Darius J. Semmens, Wayne E. Thogmartin et al.     The Eastern, migratory population of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), an iconic North American insect, has declined by ~80% over the last decade. The monarch’s …             In vivo imaging of prostate cancer using an anti-PSMA scFv fragment as a probe ▶     Claire Mazzocco, Giulio Fracasso, Coralie Germain-Genevois et al.     We aimed to evaluate a fluorescent-labeled single chain variable fragment (scFv) of the anti-PSMA antibody as a specific probe for the detection of prostate cancer by in vivo …             Roles of endothelial A-type lamins in migration of T cells on and under endothelial layers ▶     Kwang Hoon Song, Jaehyun Lee, HyoungJun Park et al.     Stiff nuclei in cell-dense microenvironments may serve as distinct biomechanical cues for cell migration, but such a possibility has not been tested experimentally. As a first …             A method for detailed analysis of the structure of mast cell secretory granules by negative contrast imaging ▶     Shotaro Tanaka, Yuichi Takakuwa     Secretory granules (SGs) in mast cells contain various molecules that elicit allergy symptoms and are generally considered therapeutic targets. However, the biogenesis, …             Detection of intra-brain cytoplasmic 1 (BC1) long noncoding RNA using graphene oxide-fluorescence beacon detector ▶     Mee Young Kim, Do Won Hwang, Fangyuan Li et al.     Detection of cellular expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) was elusive due to the ambiguity of exposure of their reactive sequences associated with their …             An unexpected advantage of insectivorism: insect moulting hormones ingested by song birds affect their ticks ▶     Sándor Hornok, Dávid Kováts, Barbara Flaisz et al.     Ecdysteroids are important hormones that regulate moulting in arthropods. Three-host ixodid ticks normally moult to the next stage after finishing their blood meal, in the …             Higher-order Multivariable Polynomial Regression to Estimate Human Affective States ▶     Jie Wei, Tong Chen, Guangyuan Liu et al.     From direct observations, facial, vocal, gestural, physiological, and central nervous signals, estimating human affective states through computational models such as multivariate …             The miR-20-Rest-Wnt signaling axis regulates neural progenitor cell differentiation ▶     Yi Cui, Jin Han, Zhifeng Xiao et al.     Increasing evidence suggests that three dimensional (3-D) cell cultures are an improvement over traditional two dimensional (2-D) cell cultures. Current researches have …             In vivo dynamics of active edema and lethal factors during anthrax ▶     Clémence Rougeaux, François Becher, Eric Ezan et al.     Lethal and edema toxins are critical virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis. However, little is known about their in vivo dynamics of production during anthrax. In this study, …             The antimicrobial polymer PHMB enters cells and selectively condenses bacterial chromosomes ▶     Kantaraja Chindera, Manohar Mahato, Ashwani Kumar Sharma et al.     To combat infection and antimicrobial resistance, it is helpful to elucidate drug mechanism(s) of action. Here we examined how the widely used antimicrobial polyhexamethylene …             Acid-sensing ion channel 1a contributes to hippocampal LTP inducibility through multiple mechanisms ▶     Ming-Gang Liu, Hu-Song Li, Wei-Guang Li et al.     The exact roles of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in synaptic plasticity remain elusive. Here, we address the contribution of ASIC1a to five forms of synaptic plasticity in …             Ancient DNA reveals selection acting on genes associated with hypoxia response in pre-Columbian Peruvian Highlanders in the last 8500 years ▶     Lars Fehren-Schmitz, Lea Georges     Archaeological evidence shows that humans began living in the high altitude Andes approximately 12,000 years ago. Andean highlanders are known to have developed the most complex …             Treatment temperature and insult severity influence the neuroprotective effects of therapeutic hypothermia ▶     Thomas Wood, Damjan Osredkar, Maja Puchades et al.     Therapeutic hypothermia (HT) is standard care for moderate and severe neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), the leading cause of permanent brain injury in term …             Characterization of the Plasmodium Interspersed Repeats (PIR) proteins of Plasmodium chabaudi indicates functional diversity ▶     Xue Yan Yam, Thibaut Brugat, Anthony Siau et al.     Plasmodium multigene families play a central role in the pathogenesis of malaria. The Plasmodium interspersed repeat (pir) genes comprise the largest multigene family in many …             Erratum: φXANES: In vivo imaging of metal-protein coordination environments ▶     Simon A. James, Dominic J. Hare, Nicole L. Jenkins et al.                 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Revealed Splenic Targeting of Canine Parvovirus Capsid Protein VP2 ▶     Yufei Ma, Haiming Wang, Dan Yan et al.     Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious infectious virus, whose infectious mechanism remains unclear because of acute gastroenteritis and the lack of an efficient tool to …             Effect of Alzheimer's Disease Risk Variant rs3824968 at SORL1 on Regional Gray Matter Volume and Age-Related Interaction in Adult Lifespan ▶     Chu-Chung Huang, Mu-En Liu, Hung-Wen Kao et al.     Sortilin receptor 1 (SORL1) is involved in cellular trafficking of amyloid precursor protein and plays an essential role in amyloid-beta peptide generation in Alzheimer disease …             Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β) as potent therapeutic strategy to ameliorates L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in 6-OHDA parkinsonian rats ▶     Cheng-long Xie, Jing-Ya Lin, Mei-Hua Wang et al.     Levodopa (L-dopa) is the dominating therapy drug for exogenous dopaminergic substitution and can alleviate most of the manifestations of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but long-term …             Exposure to sucrose during periods of withdrawal does not reduce cocaine-seeking behavior in rats ▶     Céline Nicolas, Claire Lafay-Chebassier, Marcello Solinas     Concomitant access to drugs of abuse and alternative rewards such as sucrose has been shown to decrease addiction-related behaviors in animals. Here we investigated whether …             Fabrication, characterization, and biological assessment of multilayer laminin γ2 DNA coatings on titanium surfaces ▶     Guoli Yang, Jing Zhang, Wenjing Dong et al.     The purpose of this work was to fabricate a multilayer laminin γ2 DNA coating on a titanium surface and evaluate its biological properties. A multilayer laminin γ2 DNA coating …             Associations between nitric oxide synthase 3 gene polymorphisms and preeclampsia risk: a meta-analysis ▶     Fangfang Zeng, Sui Zhu, Martin Chi-Sang Wong et al.     Previous studies have examined the role of three NOS3 gene polymorphisms [G894T, T-786C, and the variable number of tandem repeats 4b/a (VNTR 4b/a)] in the susceptibility to …             Down-regulation of tumor endothelial marker 8 suppresses cell proliferation mediated by ERK1/2 activity ▶     Chuangjie Cao, Zhuo Wang, Leilei Huang et al.     Tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) was recently suggested as a putative anti-tumor target in several types of human cancer based on its selective overexpression in tumor versus …             Excessive daytime sleepiness and antipathogen drug consumption in the elderly: a test of the immune theory of sleep ▶     Claire Berticat, Frédéric Thomas, Yves Dauvilliers et al.     The evolutionary reasons for sleep remain controversial. The immune theory of sleep suggests that sleep is essential to the immune system, allowing organisms to allocate more …             Glucagon-like peptide-1 prevents methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis of beta cells through improving mitochondrial function and suppressing prolonged AMPK activation ▶     Tien-Jyun Chang, Hsing-Chi Tseng, Meng-Wei Liu et al.     Accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG) contributes to glucotoxicity and mediates beta cell apoptosis. The molecular mechanism by which GLP-1 protects MG-induced beta cell apoptosis …             Pinus sylvestris as a missing source of nitrous oxide and methane in boreal forest ▶     Katerina Machacova, Jaana Bäck, Anni Vanhatalo et al.     Boreal forests comprise 73% of the world’s coniferous forests. Based on forest floor measurements, they have been considered a significant natural sink of methane (CH4) and a …             Minocycline as a re-purposed anti-Wolbachia macrofilaricide: superiority compared with doxycycline regimens in a murine infection model of human lymphatic filariasis ▶     Raman Sharma, Ghaith Al Jayoussi, Hayley E. Tyrer et al.     Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are parasitic helminth diseases, which cause severe morbidities such as elephantiasis, skin disease and blindness, presenting a major …             Rapid bacterial antibiotic susceptibility test based on simple surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic biomarkers ▶     Chia-Ying Liu, Yin-Yi Han, Po-Han Shih et al.     Rapid bacterial antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurement are important to help reduce the widespread misuse of antibiotics and …             Fluvoxamine, an anti-depressant, inhibits human glioblastoma invasion by disrupting actin polymerization ▶     Keiichiro Hayashi, Hiroyuki Michiue, Hiroshi Yamada et al.     Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor with a median survival time about one year. Invasion of GBM cells into normal brain is the major cause of …             Spatiotemporal transcriptome provides insights into early fruit development of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ▶     Shuaibin Zhang, Meng Xu, Zhengkun Qiu et al.     Early fruit development is crucial for crop production in tomato. After fertilization, the ovary undergoes cell division and cell expansion before maturation. Although the roles …             Predicting protein thermal stability changes upon point mutations using statistical potentials: Introducing HoTMuSiC ▶     Fabrizio Pucci, Raphaël Bourgeas, Marianne Rooman     The accurate prediction of the impact of an amino acid substitution on the thermal stability of a protein is a central issue in protein science, and is of key relevance for the …             Corrigendum: Translation Microscopy (TRAM) for super-resolution imaging ▶     Zhen Qiu, Rhodri S. Wilson, Yuewei Liu et al.                 Identification of Potential Drug Targets in Cancer Signaling Pathways using Stochastic Logical Models ▶     Peican Zhu, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi, Hasan Uludağ et al.     The investigation of vulnerable components in a signaling pathway can contribute to development of drug therapy addressing aberrations in that pathway. Here, an original …             More for less: Improving the biomass yield of a pear cell suspension culture by design of experiments ▶     Stefan Rasche, Denise Herwartz, Flora Schuster et al.     Plant cell suspension cultures are widely used for the production of recombinant proteins and secondary metabolites. One of the most important steps during process development is …             Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells foster conversion of CD4+CD25−Foxp3− T cells into CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells via Transforming Growth Factor-β ▶     Anika Oettel, Mario Lorenz, Verena Stangl et al.     Trans-placental cell trafficking is a naturally occurring process during pregnancy that results in the direct recognition of foreign maternal antigens by fetal tissue and vice …             Label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on enhanced signal amplification between Au@Pd and CoFe2O4/graphene nanohybrid ▶     Yong Zhang, Jiaojiao Li, Zhiling Wang et al.     The improvement of sensitivity of electrochemical immunosensor can be achieved via two approaches: increasing loading capacities of antibody and enlarging responding …             Sox2 in the differentiation of cochlear progenitor cells ▶     Judith S. Kempfle, Jack L. Turban, Albert S. B. Edge     HMG domain transcription factor, Sox2, is a critical gene for the development of cochlear hair cells, the receptor cells for hearing, but this has been ascribed to expansion of …             A new Burgess Shale-type deposit from the Ediacaran of western Mongolia ▶     Stephen Q. Dornbos, Tatsuo Oji, Akihiro Kanayama et al.     Preservation of soft-bodied organisms is exceedingly rare in the fossil record. One way that such fossils are preserved is as carbonaceous compressions in fined-grained marine …             Genetic Association of Curative and Adverse Reactions to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Chinese advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients ▶     Yunfeng Ruan, Jie Jiang, Liang Guo et al.     Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is an effective targeted therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but also causes adverse …             Multiscale method for modeling binding phenomena involving large objects: application to kinesin motor domains motion along microtubules ▶     Lin Li, Joshua Alper, Emil Alexov     Many biological phenomena involve the binding of proteins to a large object. Because the electrostatic forces that guide binding act over large distances, truncating the size of …             Identification of a novel interaction between corticotropin releasing hormone (Crh) and macroautophagy ▶     Panagiotis Giannogonas, Athanasia Apostolou, Antigoni Manousopoulou et al.     In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), compromised restitution of the epithelial barrier contributes to disease severity. Owing to the complexity in the pathogenesis of IBD, a …             The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a tool to predict chemical activity on mammalian development and identify mechanisms influencing toxicological outcome ▶     Philippa H. Harlow, Simon J. Perry, Stephanie Widdison et al.     To determine whether a C. elegans bioassay could predict mammalian developmental activity, we selected diverse compounds known and known not to elicit such activity and measured …             Electrosensitization assists cell ablation by nanosecond pulsed electric field in 3D cultures ▶     Claudia Muratori, Andrei G. Pakhomov, Shu Xiao et al.     Previous studies reported a delayed increase of sensitivity to electroporation (termed “electrosensitization”) in mammalian cells that had been subjected to electroporation. …             Heartbeat, embryo communication and hatching synchrony in snake eggs ▶     Fabien Aubret, Gaëlle Blanvillain, Florent Bignon et al.     Communication is central to life at all levels of complexity, from cells to organs, through to organisms and communities. Turtle eggs were recently shown to communicate with each …             Restoration of normal embryogenesis by mitochondrial supplementation in pig oocytes exhibiting mitochondrial DNA deficiency ▶     Gael L. M. Cagnone, Te-Sha Tsai, Yogeshwar Makanji et al.     An increasing number of women fail to achieve pregnancy due to either failed fertilization or embryo arrest during preimplantation development. This often results from decreased …             Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B extracellular fragment shows neuroprotective effects and activates the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways via the Na+/K+-ATPase ▶     Yoko Ono, Kazuhiro Tsuruma, Masafumi Takata et al.     Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) plays important roles in various types of cancer and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The details of GPNMB function and …             Biological insertion of computationally designed short transmembrane segments ▶     Carlos Baeza-Delgado, Gunnar von Heijne, Marc A. Marti-Renom et al.     The great majority of helical membrane proteins are inserted co-translationally into the ER membrane through a continuous ribosome-translocon channel. The efficiency of membrane …             Spines slow down dendritic chloride diffusion and affect short-term ionic plasticity of GABAergic inhibition ▶     Namrata Mohapatra, Jan Tønnesen, Andreas Vlachos et al.     Cl− plays a crucial role in neuronal function and synaptic inhibition. However, the impact of neuronal morphology on the diffusion and redistribution of intracellular Cl− is not …             The fertilization-induced zinc spark is a novel biomarker of mouse embryo quality and early development ▶     Nan Zhang, Francesca E. Duncan, Emily L. Que et al.     Upon activation, mammalian eggs release billions of zinc ions in an exocytotic event termed the “zinc spark.” The zinc spark is dependent on and occurs coordinately with …             Preferred Barefoot Step Frequency is Influenced by Factors Beyond Minimizing Metabolic Rate ▶     Matthew B. Yandell, Karl E. Zelik     Humans tend to increase their step frequency in barefoot walking, as compared to shod walking at the same speed. Based on prior studies and the energy minimization hypothesis we …             Functional Genome Screening to Elucidate the Colistin Resistance Mechanism ▶     Mohit Kumar, Ashutosh Gupta, Rajesh Kumar Sahoo et al.     Antibiogram profile of 1590 clinical bacterial isolates based on thirteen different antimicrobial compounds showed that 1.6% of the bacterial isolates are multidrug resistant. …             Substrate engagement of integrins α5β1 and αvβ3 is necessary, but not sufficient, for high directional persistence in migration on fibronectin ▶     Dimitris Missirlis, Tamás Haraszti, Catharina v. C. Scheele et al.     The interplay between specific integrin-mediated matrix adhesion and directional persistence in cell migration is not well understood. Here, we characterized fibroblast adhesion …             Exploring regulatory networks of miR-96 in the developing inner ear ▶     Morag A. Lewis, Annalisa Buniello, Jennifer M. Hilton et al.     Mutations in the microRNA Mir96 cause deafness in mice and humans. In the diminuendo mouse, which carries a single base pair change in the seed region of miR-96, the sensory hair …             Involvement of a universal amino acid synthesis impediment in cytoplasmic male sterility in pepper ▶     Xianping Fang, Hong-Fei Fu, Zhen-Hui Gong et al.     To explore the mechanisms of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), we studied the different maturation processes of sterile and fertile pepper anthers. A …             Contrast-enhanced optical coherence tomography with picomolar sensitivity for functional in vivo imaging ▶     Orly Liba, Elliott D. SoRelle, Debasish Sen et al.     Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) enables real-time imaging of living tissues at cell-scale resolution over millimeters in three dimensions. Despite these advantages, functional …             Pathobiological Characterization of a Novel Reassortant Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Virus Isolated in British Columbia, Canada, 2015 ▶     Yohannes Berhane, Darwyn Kobasa, Carissa Embury-Hyatt et al.     In the current study, we describe the pathobiologic characteristics of a novel reassortant virus - A/chicken/BC/FAV-002/2015 (H5N1) belonging to clade 2.3.4.4 that was isolated …             Chlamydia trachomatis growth and development requires the activity of host Long-chain Acyl-CoA Synthetases (ACSLs) ▶     Maria A. Recuero-Checa, Manu Sharma, Constance Lau et al.     The obligate-intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) has undergone considerable genome reduction with consequent dependence on host biosynthetic pathways, metabolites …             Unfractionated bone marrow cells attenuate paraquat-induced glomerular injury and acute renal failure by modulating the inflammatory response ▶     Sing-Yi Gu, Ti-Yen Yeh, Shih-Yi Lin et al.     The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of unfractionated bone marrow cells (BMCs) in attenuating acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by paraquat (PQ) in a mouse model. …             AHNAK deficiency promotes browning and lipolysis in mice via increased responsiveness to β-adrenergic signalling ▶     Jae Hoon Shin, Seo Hyun Lee, Yo Na Kim et al.     In adipose tissue, agonists of the β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) regulate lipolysis, lipid oxidation, and thermogenesis. The deficiency in the thermogenesis induced by …             PI3K in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus mediates estrogenic actions on energy expenditure in female mice ▶     Kenji Saito, Yanlin He, Yongjie Yang et al.     Estrogens act in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) to regulate body weight homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these estrogenic effects are …             Snake Venom Disintegrin Inhibits the Activation of Toll-Like Receptors and Alleviates Sepsis through Integrin alphaVbeta3 Blockade ▶     Chun-Chieh Hsu, Woei-Jer Chuang, Ching-Hu Chung et al.     Bacterial infection-induced sepsis is the leading cause of septic inflammatory disease. Rhodostomin (Rn), a snake venom disintegrin, was previously reported to interact with the …             Genome-wide Long Non-coding RNA Analysis Identified Circulating LncRNAs as Novel Non-invasive Diagnostic Biomarkers for Gynecological Disease ▶     Wen-Tao Wang, Yu-Meng Sun, Wei Huang et al.     Increasing evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in human diseases. This study aimed to investigate the tissue and serum lncRNAs that are …             Tuning-free controller to accurately regulate flow rates in a microfluidic network ▶     Young Jin Heo, Junsu Kang, Min Jun Kim et al.     We describe a control algorithm that can improve accuracy and stability of flow regulation in a microfluidic network that uses a conventional pressure pump system. The algorithm …             Self-Monitoring Artificial Red Cells with Sufficient Oxygen Supply for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy ▶     Zhenyu Luo, Mingbin Zheng, Pengfei Zhao et al.     Photodynamic therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical cancer treatments. However, native hypoxic tumoural microenvironment and lacking oxygen supply are the major …             Nighttime warming enhances drought resistance of plant communities in a temperate steppe ▶     Zhongling Yang, Lin Jiang, Fanglong Su et al.     Drought events could have profound influence on plant community structure and ecosystem function, and have subsequent impacts on community stability, but we know little about how …             A rapid method to authenticate vegetable oils through surface-enhanced Raman scattering ▶     Ming Yang Lv, Xin Zhang, Hai Rui Ren et al.     Vegetable oils are essential in our daily diet. Among various vegetable oils, the major difference lies in the composition of fatty acids, including unsaturated fatty acids (US…             Analysis of Epstein-Barr virus infection models in a series of pediatric carriers from a developing country ▶     Aldana G. Vistarop, Melina Cohen, Elena De Matteo et al.     Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a B lymphotropic human herpesvirus. Two models, germinal center (GC) and direct infection, describe how EBV infects B-cells. Since in Argentina …             Influenza A viruses escape from MxA restriction at the expense of efficient nuclear vRNP import ▶     Veronika Götz, Linda Magar, Dominik Dornfeld et al.     To establish a new lineage in the human population, avian influenza A viruses (AIV) must overcome the intracellular restriction factor MxA. Partial escape from MxA restriction …             Quantitative thermophoretic study of disease-related protein aggregates ▶     Manuel Wolff , Judith J. Mittag, Therese W. Herling et al.     Amyloid fibrils are a hallmark of a range of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. A detailed understanding of the physico-chemical …             Looking at the carcinogenicity of human insulin analogues via the intrinsic disorder prism ▶     Elrashdy M. Redwan, Moustafa H. Linjawi, Vladimir N. Uversky     Therapeutic insulin, in its native and biosynthetic forms as well as several currently available insulin analogues, continues to be the protein of most interest to researchers. …             Cytokinin production by Pseudomonas fluorescens G20-18 determines biocontrol activity against Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis ▶     Dominik K. Großkinsky, Richard Tafner, María V. Moreno et al.     Plant beneficial microbes mediate biocontrol of diseases by interfering with pathogens or via strengthening the host. Although phytohormones, including cytokinins, are known to …             Altered social attention in anorexia nervosa during real social interaction ▶     Mario Dalmaso, Luigi Castelli, Pietro Scatturin et al.     The capacity to devote attentional resources in response to body-related signals provided by others is still largely unexplored in individuals with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Here, …             Love at second sight: Sequential dependence of facial attractiveness in an on-line dating paradigm ▶     Jessica Taubert, Erik Van der Burg, David Alais     Millions of people use online dating sites each day, scanning through streams of face images in search of an attractive mate. Face images, like most visual stimuli, undergo …             Corrigendum: A genome-wide search for epigenetically regulated genes in zebra finch using MethylCap-seq and RNA-seq ▶     Sandra Steyaert, Jolien Diddens, Jeroen Galle et al.                 Efficient monitoring of the blood-stage infection in a malaria rodent model by the rotating-crystal magneto-optical method ▶     Ágnes Orbán, Maria Rebelo, Petra Molnár et al.     Intense research efforts have been focused on the improvement of the efficiency and sensitivity of malaria diagnostics, especially in resource-limited settings for the detection …             Three chromosomal rearrangements promote genomic divergence between migratory and stationary ecotypes of Atlantic cod ▶     Paul R. Berg, Bastiaan Star, Christophe Pampoulie et al.     Identification of genome-wide patterns of divergence provides insight on how genomes are influenced by selection and can reveal the potential for local adaptation in spatially …             Reconstruction of thermotolerant yeast by one-point mutation identified through whole-genome analyses of adaptively-evolved strains ▶     Atsushi Satomura, Natsuko Miura, Kouichi Kuroda et al.     Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used as a host strain in bioproduction, because of its rapid growth, ease of genetic manipulation, and high reducing capacity. However, the heat …             Improved Production of Active Streptomyces griseus Trypsin with a Novel Auto-Catalyzed Strategy ▶     Yunfeng Zhang, Zhenmin Ling, Guocheng Du et al.     N-terminal sequences play crucial roles in regulating expression, translation, activation and enzymatic properties of proteins. To reduce cell toxicity of intracellular trypsin …             Polymorphism rs7278468 is associated with Age-related cataract through decreasing transcriptional activity of the CRYAA promoter ▶     Xiaoyin Ma, Xiaodong Jiao, Zhiwei Ma et al.     CRYAA plays critical functional roles in lens transparency and opacity, and polymorphisms near CRYAA have been associated with age-related cataract (ARC). This study examines …             SIK2 regulates fasting-induced PPARα activity and ketogenesis through p300 ▶     Zhen-Ning Zhang, Lulu Gong, Sihan Lv et al.     Fatty acid oxidation and subsequent ketogenesis is one of the major mechanisms to maintain hepatic lipid homeostasis under fasting conditions. Fasting hormone glucagon has been …             ICP4-induced miR-101 attenuates HSV-1 replication ▶     Xiangling Wang, Caifeng Diao, Xi Yang et al.     Hepes simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) is an enveloped DNA virus that can cause lytic and latent infection. miRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, and our previous …             Comparative Proteomics Analysis Reveals L-Arginine Activates Ethanol Degradation Pathways in HepG2 Cells ▶     Guokai Yan, Retno Lestari, Baisheng Long et al.     L-Arginine (Arg) is a versatile amino acid that plays crucial roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. In this study, to investigate the alteration …             Precision wildlife monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles ▶     Jarrod C. Hodgson, Shane M. Baylis, Rowan Mott et al.     Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) represent a new frontier in environmental research. Their use has the potential to revolutionise the field if they prove capable of improving data …             Enhanced spontaneous functional connectivity of the superior temporal gyrus in early deafness ▶     Hao Ding, Dong Ming, Baikun Wan et al.     Early auditory deprivation may drive the auditory cortex into cross-modal processing of non-auditory sensory information. In a recent study, we had shown that early deaf subjects …             Comparison of the cryo-tolerance of vitrified gorgonian oocytes ▶     Sujune Tsai, Vivian Yang, Chiahsin Lin     Coral reefs have been declining considerably in recent years because of changes to the environment and climate. The cryopreservation of coral gametes is an essential alternative …             Hypoxia-induced sensitisation of TRPA1 in painful dysesthesia evoked by transient hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion in mice ▶     Kanako So, Yuna Tei, Meng Zhao et al.     Dysesthesia is an unpleasant abnormal sensation, which is often accompanied by peripheral neuropathy or vascular impairment. Here, we examined the roles of transient receptor …             RepA-WH1, the agent of an amyloid proteinopathy in bacteria, builds oligomeric pores through lipid vesicles ▶     Cristina Fernández, Rafael Núñez-Ramírez, Mercedes Jiménez et al.     RepA-WH1 is a disease-unrelated protein that recapitulates in bacteria key aspects of human amyloid proteinopathies: i) It undergoes ligand-promoted amyloidogenesis in vitro; ii) …             Identification of E-cadherin signature motifs functioning as cleavage sites for Helicobacter pylori HtrA ▶     Thomas P. Schmidt, Anna M. Perna, Tim Fugmann et al.     The cell adhesion protein and tumour suppressor E-cadherin exhibits important functions in the prevention of gastric cancer. As a class-I carcinogen, Helicobacter pylori (H. …             To Be a Flower or Fruiting Branch: Insights Revealed by mRNA and Small RNA Transcriptomes from Different Cotton Developmental Stages ▶     Quan Sun, Xiongming Du, Chaowei Cai et al.     The architecture of the cotton plant, including fruit branch formation and flowering pattern, is the most important characteristic that directly influences light exploitation, …             Abrupt suspension of probiotics administration may increase host pathogen susceptibility by inducing gut dysbiosis ▶     Zhi Liu, Wenshu Liu, Chao Ran et al.     In this study, we investigated the risk associated with suspension of probiotics administration in tilapia, an animal model that may mimic immune-compromised conditions in …             Associations of functional alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 gene variants with atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke ▶     Ilkka Seppälä, Marcus E. Kleber, Steve Bevan et al.     Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginines (ADMA and SDMA) impair nitric oxide bioavailability and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). …             Novel roles for class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase C2β in signalling pathways involved in prostate cancer cell invasion ▶     Ioanna Mavrommati, Ouma Cisse, Marco Falasca et al.     Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate several cellular functions such as proliferation, growth, survival and migration. The eight PI3K isoforms are grouped into three …             Far-red/near-infrared fluorescence light-up probes for specific in vitro and in vivo imaging of a tumour-related protein ▶     Chao Chen, Yongquan Hua, Yawen Hu et al.     As lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 beta (LAPTM4B) is an important biomarker for many solid tumours, development of small-molecule fluorescence light-up probes for detection and …             Functionally different α-synuclein inclusions yield insight into Parkinson’s disease pathology ▶     Christian C. Raiss, Theresa S. Braun, Irene B. M. Konings et al.     The formation of α-synuclein (α-S) amyloid aggregates, called Lewy bodies (LBs), is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The function of LBs in the disease process is however …             Joint effects of diabetic-related genomic loci on the therapeutic efficacy of oral anti-diabetic drugs in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients ▶     Miao Chen, Rong Zhang, Feng Jiang et al.     Previous pharmacogenomic studies of oral anti-diabetic drugs have primarily focused on the effect of a single site. This study aimed to examine the joint effects of multiple loci …             MTDH genetic variants in colorectal cancer patients ▶     Sebastian Gnosa, Ivana Ticha, Staffan Haapaniemi et al.     The colorectal carcinogenesis is a complex process encompassing genetic alterations. The oncoprotein AEG-1, encoded by the MTDH gene, was shown previously to be involved in …             The CagA toxin of Helicobacter pylori: abundant production but relatively low amount translocated ▶     Luisa F. Jiménez-Soto, Rainer Haas     CagA is one of the most studied pathogenicity factors of the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori. It is injected into host cells via the H. pylori cag-Type IV secretion …             Intra-articular injection of synovial mesenchymal stem cells improves cartilage repair in a mouse injury model ▶     J. Mak, C. L. Jablonski, C. A. Leonard et al.     Controversy remains whether articular cartilage has an endogenous stem/progenitor cell population, since its poor healing capacity after injury can lead to diseases such as …             Thermal niche estimators and the capability of poor dispersal species to cope with climate change ▶     David Sánchez-Fernández, Valeria Rizzo, Alexandra Cieslak et al.     For management strategies in the context of global warming, accurate predictions of species response are mandatory. However, to date most predictions are based on niche …             Kcne2 deletion causes early-onset nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via iron deficiency anemia ▶     Soo Min Lee, Dara Nguyen, Marie Anand et al.     Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing health problem worldwide, with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental components. Here, we describe the first example of …             Tracking neighbours promotes the coexistence of large carnivores ▶     José Vicente López-Bao, Jenny Mattisson, Jens Persson et al.     The study of competition and coexistence among similar interacting species has long been considered a cornerstone in evolutionary and community ecology. However, understanding …             High phylogenetic diversity is preserved in species-poor high-elevation temperate moth assemblages ▶     Yi Zou, Weiguo Sang, Axel Hausmann et al.     Understanding the diversity and composition of species assemblages and identifying underlying biotic and abiotic determinants represent great ecological challenges. Addressing …             Identification of early myeloid progenitors as immunosuppressive cells ▶     Shiming Pu, Baoxiong Qin, Huan He et al.     Growing evidence suggests that hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), precursors of mature immune cells, may play a direct role in immunosurveillance. Early myeloid …             Global functional diversity of freshwater fish is concentrated in the Neotropics while functional vulnerability is widespread ▶     A. Toussaint, N. Charpin, S. Brosse et al.     Worldwide biodiversity assessments have mainly focused on species richness but little is known about the diversity of species roles, i.e. functional diversity, while this is a …             Impact of mooring activities on carbon stocks in seagrass meadows ▶     O. Serrano, R. Ruhon, P. S. Lavery et al.     Boating activities are one of the causes that threaten seagrass meadows and the ecosystem services they provide. Mechanical destruction of seagrass habitats may also trigger the …             Fipronil application on rice paddy fields reduces densities of common skimmer and scarlet skimmer ▶     Atsushi Kasai, Takehiko I. Hayashi, Hitoshi Ohnishi et al.     Several reports suggested that rice seedling nursery-box application of some systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil) is the cause of the decline in dragonfly species …             Transcriptome analysis of different developmental stages of amphioxus reveals dynamic changes of distinct classes of genes during development ▶     Kevin Yi Yang, Yuan Chen, Zuming Zhang et al.     Vertebrates diverged from other chordates approximately 500 million years ago and have adopted several modifications of developmental processes. Amphioxus is widely used in …             Knockout of Foxp2 disrupts vocal development in mice ▶     Gregg A. Castellucci, Matthew J. McGinley, David A. McCormick     The FOXP2 gene is important for the development of proper speech motor control in humans. However, the role of the gene in general vocal behavior in other mammals, including …             Distinct Biochemical Activities of Eyes absent During Drosophila Eye Development ▶     Meng Jin, Graeme Mardon     Eyes absent (Eya) is a highly conserved transcriptional coactivator and protein phosphatase that plays vital roles in multiple developmental processes from Drosophila to humans. …             Graviola inhibits hypoxia-induced NADPH oxidase activity in prostate cancer cells reducing their proliferation and clonogenicity ▶     Gagan Deep, Rahul Kumar, Anil K. Jain et al.     Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading malignancy among men. Importantly, this disease is mostly diagnosed at early stages offering a unique chemoprevention opportunity. Therefore, …             C9orf72 ablation causes immune dysregulation characterized by leukocyte expansion, autoantibody production, and glomerulonephropathy in mice ▶     Amanda Atanasio, Vilma Decman, Derek White et al.     The expansion of a hexanucleotide (GGGGCC) repeat in C9ORF72 is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Both the function …             Mass spectrometric analysis of accumulated TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis brains ▶     Fuyuki Kametani, Tomokazu Obi, Takeo Shishido et al.     TDP-43 is the major disease-associated protein involved in the pathogenesis and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with …             Identification and characterisation of Dof transcription factors in the cucumber genome ▶     Chang-long Wen, Qing Cheng, Liqun Zhao et al.     Cucumber is vulnerable to many foliage diseases. Recent studies reported cloning of candidate genes for several diseases in cucumber; however, the exact defence mechanisms remain …             The Hippo pathway member YAP enhances human neural crest cell fate and migration ▶     Christopher J. Hindley, Alexandra Larisa Condurat, Vishal Menon et al.     The Hippo/YAP pathway serves as a major integrator of cell surface-mediated signals and regulates key processes during development and tumorigenesis. The neural crest is an …             Principles of dynamical modularity in biological regulatory networks ▶     Dávid Deritei, William C. Aird, Mária Ercsey-Ravasz et al.     Intractable diseases such as cancer are associated with breakdown in multiple individual functions, which conspire to create unhealthy phenotype-combinations. An important …             Insights into mutualism mechanism and versatile metabolism of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare Hbe602 based on comparative genomics and metabolomics studies ▶     Nan Jia, Ming-Zhu Ding, Jin Du et al.     Ketogulonicigenium vulgare has been widely used in vitamin C two steps fermentation and requires companion strain for optimal growth. However, the understanding of K. vulgare as …             An Ethylene-responsive Factor BpERF11 Negatively Modulates Salt and Osmotic Tolerance in Betula platyphylla ▶     Wenhui Zhang, Guiyan Yang, Dan Mu et al.     Ethylene responsive factors (ERFs) play important roles in the abiotic stress; however, only a few ERF genes from woody plants have been functionally characterized. In the …             Exosomal miR-10a derived from amniotic fluid stem cells preserves ovarian follicles after chemotherapy ▶     Guan-Yu Xiao, Chun-Chun Cheng, Yih-Shien Chiang et al.     Chemotherapy (CTx)-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) in woman remains clinically irreversible. Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) have shown the potential to treat …             Dynamic Balance of Excitation and Inhibition in Human and Monkey Neocortex ▶     Nima Dehghani, Adrien Peyrache, Bartosz Telenczuk et al.     Balance of excitation and inhibition is a fundamental feature of in vivo network activity and is important for its computations. However, its presence in the neocortex of higher …             Identification of protein secretion systems in bacterial genomes ▶     Sophie S. Abby, Jean Cury, Julien Guglielmini et al.     Bacteria with two cell membranes (diderms) have evolved complex systems for protein secretion. These systems were extensively studied in some model bacteria, but the …             Mycobacterial escape from macrophage phagosomes to the cytoplasm represents an alternate adaptation mechanism ▶     Shilpa V. Jamwal, Parul Mehrotra, Archana Singh et al.     Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) within the host macrophage is mediated through pathogen-dependent inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion, which enables bacteria to …             The DmtA methyltransferase contributes to Aspergillus flavus conidiation, sclerotial production, aflatoxin biosynthesis and virulence ▶     Kunlong Yang, Linlin Liang, Fanlei Ran et al.     DNA methylation is essential for epigenetic regulation of gene transcription and development in many animals, plants and fungi. We investigated whether DNA methylation plays a …             Altered RNA editing in 3′ UTR perturbs microRNA-mediated regulation of oncogenes and tumor-suppressors ▶     Liye Zhang, Chih-Sheng Yang, Xaralabos Varelas et al.     RNA editing is a molecular event that alters specific nucleotides in RNA post-transcriptionally. RNA editing has the potential to impact a variety of cellular processes and is …             RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 in potato (Solanum tuberosum) and its relationship to other plant RNA-dependent RNA polymerases ▶     Lydia J. R. Hunter, Samuel F. Brockington, Alex M. Murphy et al.     Cellular RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs) catalyze synthesis of double-stranded RNAs that can serve to initiate or amplify RNA silencing. Arabidopsis thaliana has six RDR …             Mechanism and inhibition of human UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase, the key enzyme in sialic acid biosynthesis ▶     Sheng-Chia Chen, Chi-Hung Huang, Shu-Jung Lai et al.     The bifunctional enzyme UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase (GNE) plays a key role in sialic acid production. It is different from the non-hydrolyzing enzymes for bacterial cell …             Mutual antagonism between hepatitis B viral mRNA and host microRNA let-7 ▶     Akemi Takata, Motoyuki Otsuka, Motoko Ohno et al.     The interplay between viral and host factors plays a major role in viral pathogenesis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem that leads to liver cirrhosis …             Comparison of fitness traits and their plasticity on multiple plants for Sitobion avenae infected and cured of a secondary endosymbiont ▶     Da Wang, Xiaoqin Shi, Peng Dai et al.     Regiella insecticola has been found to enhance the performance of host aphids on certain plants, but its functional role in adaptation of host aphids to plants is still …             An integrated miRNA functional screening and target validation method for organ morphogenesis ▶     Ivan T. Rebustini, Maryann Vlahos, Trevor Packer et al.     The relative ease of identifying microRNAs and their increasing recognition as important regulators of organogenesis motivate the development of methods to efficiently assess …             TLR3-/4-Priming Differentially Promotes Ca2+ Signaling and Cytokine Expression and Ca2+-Dependently Augments Cytokine Release in hMSCs ▶     Kyoung Sun Park, Sun Hwa Kim, Amitabh Das et al.     In human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 act as key players in the tissue repair process by recognizing their ligands and stimulating …             Angiogenic activity mediates bone repair from human pluripotent stem cell-derived osteogenic cells ▶     Li Zou, Qingshan Chen, Zachary Quanbeck et al.     Human pluripotent stem cells provide a standardized resource for bone repair. However, criteria to determine which exogenous cells best heal orthopedic injuries remain poorly …             The Ultrastructures and Mechanical Properties of the Descement’s Membrane in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy ▶     Dan Xia, Shuai Zhang, Esben Nielsen et al.     Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), is the most common corneal endothelial dystrophy, and contributes up to 50% of all corneal transplantations performed in developed …             Step down Vascular Calcification Analysis using State-of-the-Art Nanoanalysis Techniques ▶     Sven C. Curtze, Marita Kratz, Marian Steinert et al.     New insights into the architecture and formation mechanisms of calcific lesions down to the nanoscale open a better understanding of atherosclerosis and its pathogenesis. …             miR-33-5p, a novel mechano-sensitive microRNA promotes osteoblast differentiation by targeting Hmga2 ▶     Han Wang, Zhongyang Sun, Yixuan Wang et al.     MicroRNAs (miRNAs) interfere with the translation of specific target mRNAs and are thought to thereby regulate many cellular processes. However, the role of miRNAs in osteoblast …             Increased resting state connectivity between ipsilesional motor cortex and contralesional premotor cortex after transcranial direct current stimulation with physical therapy ▶     Joyce L Chen, Gottfried Schlaug     Non-invasive stimulation of the brain using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during motor rehabilitation can improve the recovery of movements in individuals with …             P2X7 Receptor Suppression Preserves Blood-Brain Barrier through Inhibiting RhoA Activation after Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats ▶     Hengli Zhao, Xuan Zhang, Zhiqiang Dai et al.     Blockading P2X7 receptor(P2X7R) provides neuroprotection toward various neurological disorders, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, …             Silencing of the olfactory co-receptor gene in Dendroctonus armandi leads to EAG response declining to major host volatiles ▶     Ranran Zhang, Guanqun Gao, Hui Chen     In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on homology genes of Orco was utilized to identify DarmOrco, which is essential for olfaction in D. armandi. The results …             Chromatin interactions and candidate genes at ten prostate cancer risk loci ▶     Meijun Du, Lori Tillmans, Jianzhong Gao et al.     Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 100 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with prostate cancer risk. However, the vast …             Development of new fusion proteins for visualizing amyloid-β oligomers in vivo ▶     Tomoyo Ochiishi, Motomichi Doi, Kazuhiko Yamasaki et al.     The intracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers critically contributes to disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and can be the potential target of AD …             In vivo acoustic and photoacoustic focusing of circulating cells ▶     Ekaterina I. Galanzha, Mark G. Viegas, Taras I. Malinsky et al.     In vivo flow cytometry using vessels as natural tubes with native cell flows has revolutionized the study of rare circulating tumor cells in a complex blood background. However, …             Acute stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells with cigarette smoke extract affects their migration, differentiation, and paracrine potential ▶     Elizabeth A. Wahl, Thilo L. Schenck, Hans-Günther Machens et al.     Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to play a key role in tissue regeneration, while smoking cigarettes is described to impair it. This work focuses on the effect cigarette …             Association between chronic stress-induced structural abnormalities in Ranvier nodes and reduced oligodendrocyte activity in major depression ▶     Shingo Miyata, Manabu Taniguchi, Yoshihisa Koyama et al.     Repeated stressful events are associated with the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD). We previously showed oligodendrocyte (OL)-specific activation of the …             Dissection and integration of the autophagy signaling network initiated by bluetongue virus infection: crucial candidates ERK1/2, Akt and AMPK ▶     Shuang Lv, Qing-Yuan Xu, En-Cheng Sun et al.     Bluetongue virus (BTV), a complex double-stranded segmented RNA virus, has been found to initiate cellular autophagy for its own benefit. Here, with a view to understanding the …             Deletion of endogenous Tau proteins is not detrimental in Drosophila ▶     Sylvie Burnouf, Sebastian Grönke, Hrvoje Augustin et al.     Human Tau (hTau) is a highly soluble and natively unfolded protein that binds to microtubules within neurons. Its dysfunction and aggregation into insoluble paired helical …             Self-assembled hydrophobin for producing water-soluble and membrane permeable fluorescent dye ▶     Kunpeng Wang, Yunjie Xiao, Yanyan Wang et al.     Low water solubility and poor membrane permeability are major disadvantages that compromise applications of most fluorescent dyes. To resolve these problems, herein, using …             Primary brain calcification in patients undergoing treatment with the biphosphanate alendronate ▶     J. R. M Oliveira, M. F Oliveira     Brain calcification might be associated with various metabolic, infectious or vascular conditions. Clinically, brain calcification can include symptons such as migraine, …             Targeted disruption of sp7 and myostatin with CRISPR-Cas9 results in severe bone defects and more muscular cells in common carp ▶     Zhaomin Zhong, Pengfei Niu, Mingyong Wang et al.     The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) as one of the most important aquaculture fishes produces over 3 million metric tones annually, approximately 10% the annual production of the …             Chemistry supports the identification of gender-specific reproductive tissue in Tyrannosaurus rex ▶     Mary Higby Schweitzer, Wenxia Zheng, Lindsay Zanno et al.     Medullary bone (MB), an estrogen-dependent reproductive tissue present in extant gravid birds, is texturally, histologically and compositionally distinct from other bone types. …             Hemodynamic (fNIRS) and EEG (N200) correlates of emotional inter-species interactions modulated by visual and auditory stimulation ▶     Michela Balconi, Maria Elide Vanutelli     The brain activity, considered in its hemodynamic (optical imaging: functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, fNIRS) and electrophysiological components (event-related potentials, …             A generic screening platform for inhibitors of virus induced cell fusion using cellular electrical impedance ▶     Daniel Watterson, Jodie Robinson, Keith J. Chappell et al.     Fusion of the viral envelope with host cell membranes is an essential step in the life cycle of all enveloped viruses. Despite such a clear target for antiviral drug development, …             Accurate Determination of Conformational Transitions in Oligomeric Membrane Proteins ▶     Máximo Sanz-Hernández, Vitaly V. Vostrikov, Gianluigi Veglia et al.     The structural dynamics governing collective motions in oligomeric membrane proteins play key roles in vital biomolecular processes at cellular membranes. In this study, we …             Development of a double-antibody sandwich ELISA for rapid detection of Bacillus Cereus in food ▶     Longjiao Zhu, Jing He, Xiaohan Cao et al.     Bacillus cereus is increasingly recognized as one of the major causes of food poisoning in the industrialized world. In this paper, we describe a sensitive double-antibody …             Visual straight-ahead preference in saccadic eye movements ▶     Damien Camors, Yves Trotter, Pierre Pouget et al.     Ocular saccades bringing the gaze toward the straight-ahead direction (centripetal) exhibit higher dynamics than those steering the gaze away (centrifugal). This is generally …             Impact of 4-epi-oxytetracycline on the gut microbiota and blood metabolomics of Wistar rats ▶     Hongxing Han, Hailong Xiao, Kai Zhang et al.     The impact of 4-epi-oxytetracycline (4-EOTC), one of the main oxytetracycline (OTC) metabolites, on the gut microbiota and physiological metabolism of Wistar rats was analyzed to …             Minicircle DNA Provides Enhanced and Prolonged Transgene Expression Following Airway Gene Transfer ▶     Mustafa M. Munye, Aristides D. Tagalakis, Josephine L. Barnes et al.     Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis using non-viral, plasmid-based formulations has been the subject of intensive research for over two decades but a clinically viable product has …             Developing informative microsatellite makers for non-model species using reference mapping against a model species’ genome ▶     Chih-Ming Hung, Ai-Yun Yu, Yu-Ting Lai et al.     Microsatellites have a wide range of applications from behavioral biology, evolution, to agriculture-based breeding programs. The recent progress in the next-generation …             Therapeutic and prophylactic activity of itraconazole against human rhinovirus infection in a murine model ▶     Aeri Shim, Jae-Hyoung Song, Bo-Eun Kwon et al.     Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the most common viral infectious agent in humans and is the predominant cause of the common cold. There is a need for appropriate vaccines or …             Pharyngeal pumping in Caenorhabditis elegans depends on tonic and phasic signaling from the nervous system ▶     Nicholas F. Trojanowski, David M. Raizen, Christopher Fang-Yen     Rhythmic movements are ubiquitous in animal locomotion, feeding, and circulatory systems. In some systems, the muscle itself generates rhythmic contractions. In others, rhythms …             REGene: a literature-based knowledgebase of animal regeneration that bridge tissue regeneration and cancer ▶     Min Zhao, Bronwyn Rotgans, Tianfang Wang et al.     Regeneration is a common phenomenon across multiple animal phyla. Regeneration-related genes (REGs) are critical for fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation and …             Mitochondrial Thioredoxin System as a Modulator of Cyclophilin D Redox State ▶     Alessandra Folda, Anna Citta, Valeria Scalcon et al.     The mitochondrial thioredoxin system (NADPH, thioredoxin reductase, thioredoxin) is a major redox regulator. Here we have investigated the redox correlation between this system …             Resistance of Feather-Associated Bacteria to Intermediate Levels of Ionizing Radiation near Chernobyl ▶     Mario Xavier Ruiz-González, Gábor Árpád Czirják, Pierre Genevaux et al.     Ionizing radiation has been shown to produce negative effects on organisms, although little is known about its ecological and evolutionary effects. As a study model, we isolated …             MicroRNA-454 regulates stromal cell derived factor-1 in the control of the growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ▶     Yue Fan, Li-Li Xu, Chen-Ye Shi et al.     Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant carcinoma with an extremely high lethality. We recently reported that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) targets …             Structural insights into the methyl donor recognition model of a novel membrane-binding protein UbiG ▶     Yuwei Zhu, Xuguang Jiang, Chongyuan Wang et al.     UbiG is a SAM-dependent O-methyltransferase, catalyzing two O-methyl transfer steps for ubiquinone biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. UbiG possesses a unique sequence insertion …             A novel pyrazole derivative protects from ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis through the inhibition of NADPH oxidase ▶     Jung Hee Joo, Jeong-Eun Huh, Jee Hyun Lee et al.     Osteoclast cells (OCs) are differentiated from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) by activation of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL). Activation …             Olfactory perception and behavioral effects of sex pheromone gland components in Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta ▶     Meng Xu, Hao Guo, Chao Hou et al.     Two sympatric species Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta use (Z)-11-hexadecenal and (Z)-9-hexadecenal as sex pheromone components in reverse ratio. They also share …             A Stress-Activated Transposon in Arabidopsis Induces Transgenerational Abscisic Acid Insensitivity ▶     Hidetaka Ito, Jong-Myong Kim, Wataru Matsunaga et al.     Transposable elements (TEs), or transposons, play an important role in adaptation. TE insertion can affect host gene function and provides a mechanism for rapid increases in …             Compound eye and ocellar structure for walking and flying modes of locomotion in the Australian ant, Camponotus consobrinus ▶     Ajay Narendra, Fiorella Ramirez-Esquivel, Willi A. Ribi     Ants are unusual among insects in that individuals of the same species within a single colony have different modes of locomotion and tasks. We know from walking ants that vision …             On Sequence Learning Models: Open-loop Control Not Strictly Guided by Hick’s Law ▶     Rodrigo Pavão, Joice P. Savietto, João R. Sato et al.     According to the Hick’s law, reaction times increase linearly with the uncertainty of target stimuli. We tested the generality of this law by measuring reaction times in a human …             EMD in periodontal regenerative surgery modulates cytokine profiles: A randomised controlled clinical trial ▶     Oscar Villa, Johan C. Wohlfahrt, Odd Carsten Koldsland et al.     The enamel matrix derivative (EMD) contains hundreds of peptides in different levels of proteolytic processing that may provide a range of biological effects of importance in …             Continuous time Bayesian networks identify Prdm1 as a negative regulator of TH17 cell differentiation in humans ▶     Enzo Acerbi, Elena Viganò, Michael Poidinger et al.     T helper 17 (TH17) cells represent a pivotal adaptive cell subset involved in multiple immune disorders in mammalian species. Deciphering the molecular interactions regulating …             Computational analysis of the MCoTI-II plant defence knottin reveals a novel intermediate conformation that facilitates trypsin binding ▶     Peter M. Jones, Anthony M. George     MCoTI-I and II are plant defence proteins, potent trypsin inhibitors from the bitter gourd Momordica cochinchinensis. They are members of the Knottin Family, which display …             Reconstruction of diaminopimelic acid biosynthesis allows characterisation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase ▶     Veeraraghavan Usha, Adrian J. Lloyd, David I. Roper et al.     With the increased incidence of tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis there is an urgent need for new and better anti-tubercular drugs. N-succinyl-L,L…             Growth inhibition and apoptosis in cancer cells induced by polyphenolic compounds of Acacia hydaspica: Involvement of multiple signal transduction pathways ▶     Tayyaba Afsar, Janeen H. Trembley, Christine E. Salomon et al.     Acacia hydaspica R. Parker is known for its medicinal uses in multiple ailments. In this study, we performed bioassay-guided fractionation of cytotoxic compounds from A. hydaspica…             Development of a method for detection and quantification of B. brongniartii and B. bassiana in soil ▶     L. Canfora, E. Malusà, C. Tkaczuk et al.     A culture independent method based on qPCR was developed for the detection and quantification of two fungal inoculants in soil. The aim was to adapt a genotyping approach based …             Unlocking the genetic diversity of Creole wheats ▶     Prashant Vikram, Jorge Franco, Juan Burgueño-Ferreira et al.     Climate change and slow yield gains pose a major threat to global wheat production. Underutilized genetic resources including landraces and wild relatives are key elements for …             Oxidative stress generated during monensin treatment contributes to altered Toxoplasma gondii mitochondrial function ▶     Robert A. Charvat, Gustavo Arrizabalaga     The ionophore monensin displays potent activities against several coccidian parasites of veterinary and medical importance including the opportunistic pathogen of humans, …             Adaptive engineering of a hyperthermophilic archaeon on CO and discovering the underlying mechanism by multi-omics analysis ▶     Seong Hyuk Lee, Min-Sik Kim, Jae-Hak Lee et al.     The hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 can grow and produce H2 on carbon monoxide (CO) and its H2 production rates have been improved through metabolic …             Universally Conserved Relationships between Nuclear Shape and Cytoplasmic Mechanical Properties in Human Stem Cells ▶     Oswaldo A. Lozoya, Christopher L. Gilchrist, Farshid Guilak     The ability of cells to proliferate, differentiate, transduce extracellular signals and assemble tissues involves structural connections between nucleus and cytoskeleton. Yet, …             Insights into Adaptations to a Near-Obligate Nematode Endoparasitic Lifestyle from the Finished Genome of Drechmeria coniospora ▶     Liwen Zhang, Zhengfu Zhou, Qiannan Guo et al.     Nematophagous fungi employ three distinct predatory strategies: nematode trapping, parasitism of females and eggs, and endoparasitism. While endoparasites play key roles in …             Proinflammatory isoforms of IL-32 as novel and robust biomarkers for control failure in HIV-infected slow progressors ▶     Mohamed El-Far, Pascale Kouassi, Mohamed Sylla et al.     HIV-infected slow progressors (SP) represent a heterogeneous group of subjects who spontaneously control HIV infection without treatment for several years while showing moderate …             A cationic tetrapyrrole inhibits toxic activities of the cellular prion protein ▶     Tania Massignan, Sara Cimini, Claudia Stincardini et al.     Prion diseases are rare neurodegenerative conditions associated with the conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into PrPSc, a self-replicating isoform …             Isoliquiritigenin Attenuates Adipose Tissue Inflammation in vitro and Adipose Tissue Fibrosis through Inhibition of Innate Immune Responses in Mice ▶     Yasuharu Watanabe, Yoshinori Nagai, Hiroe Honda et al.     Isoliquiritigenin (ILG) is a flavonoid derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and potently suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation resulting in the improvement of diet-induced …             CD36 regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced signaling pathways and mediates the internalization of Escherichia coli in cooperation with TLR4 in goat mammary gland epithelial cells ▶     Duoyao Cao, Jun Luo, Dekun Chen et al.     The scavenger receptor CD36 is involved in pathogen recognition, phagocytosis, and pathogen-induced signaling. This study investigated the relationship between CD36 and TLR4 in …             Genomic identification of WRKY transcription factors in carrot (Daucus carota) and analysis of evolution and homologous groups for plants ▶     Meng-Yao Li, Zhi-Sheng Xu, Chang Tian et al.     WRKY transcription factors belong to one of the largest transcription factor families. These factors possess functions in plant growth and development, signal transduction, and …             Crystal structure of Anoxybacillus α-amylase provides insights into maltose binding of a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass ▶     Kian Piaw Chai, Noor Farhan Binti Othman, Aik-Hong Teh et al.     A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and …             Suppression of Spry1 inhibits triple-negative breast cancer malignancy by decreasing EGF/EGFR mediated mesenchymal phenotype ▶     Qing He, Hongyu Jing, Lucy Liaw et al.     Sprouty (Spry) proteins have been implicated in cancer progression, but their role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of lethal and aggressive breast cancer, is …             Single-molecule analysis of DNA replication reveals novel features in the divergent eukaryotes Leishmania and Trypanosoma brucei versus mammalian cells ▶     Slavica Stanojcic, Lauriane Sollelis, Nada Kuk et al.     Leishmania and Trypanosoma are unicellular parasites that possess markedly original biological features as compared to other eukaryotes. The Leishmania genome displays a …             Selenium Augments microRNA Directed Reprogramming of Fibroblasts to Cardiomyocytes via Nanog ▶     Xiaowen Wang, Conrad P Hodgkinson, Kefeng Lu et al.     We have recently shown that a combination of microRNAs, miR combo, can directly reprogram cardiac fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. However, direct …             Bacterial regulon modeling and prediction based on systematic cis regulatory motif analyses ▶     Bingqiang Liu, Chuan Zhou, Guojun Li et al.     Regulons are the basic units of the response system in a bacterial cell, and each consists of a set of transcriptionally co-regulated operons. Regulon elucidation is the basis …             Physiological and proteomic responses to salt stress in chloroplasts of diploid and tetraploid black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) ▶     Fanjuan Meng, Qiuxiang Luo, Qiuyu Wang et al.     Salinity is an important abiotic stressor that negatively affects plant growth. In this study, we investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying moderate and …             Hybrid Microscopy: Enabling Inexpensive High-Performance Imaging through Combined Physical and Optical Magnifications ▶     Yu Shrike Zhang, Jae-Byum Chang, Mario Moisés Alvarez et al.     To date, much effort has been expended on making high-performance microscopes through better instrumentation. Recently, it was discovered that physical magnification of specimens …             Assessment of red blood cell deformability in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy by dual optical tweezers stretching technique ▶     Rupesh Agrawal, Thomas Smart, João Nobre-Cardoso et al.     A pilot cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the role of red blood cells (RBC) deformability in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without and with diabetic …             Gene expression profiling gut microbiota in different races of humans ▶     Lei Chen, Yu-Hang Zhang, Tao Huang et al.     The gut microbiome is shaped and modified by the polymorphisms of microorganisms in the intestinal tract. Its composition shows strong individual specificity and may play a …             Epigenetic and Transcriptional Alterations in Human Adipose Tissue of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ▶     Milana Kokosar, Anna Benrick, Alexander Perfilyev et al.     Genetic and epigenetic factors may predispose women to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common heritable disorder of unclear etiology. Here we investigated differences in …             NOD-like receptor signaling and inflammasome-related pathways are highlighted in psoriatic epidermis ▶     Mari H. Tervaniemi, Shintaro Katayama, Tiina Skoog et al.     Psoriatic skin differs distinctly from normal skin by its thickened epidermis. Most gene expression comparisons utilize full-thickness biopsies, with substantial amount of …             Deep Learning in Label-free Cell Classification ▶     Claire Lifan Chen, Ata Mahjoubfar, Li-Chia Tai et al.     Label-free cell analysis is essential to personalized genomics, cancer diagnostics, and drug development as it avoids adverse effects of staining reagents on cellular viability …                       Key Issues in Alzheimer's Disease - a community forum Nature Neuroscience presents a forum on Alzheimer's Disease research. ACCESS NOW to view videos of our panel event at SfN 2015, read related articles for free, and post questions for our editors and featured experts. 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