Science X Newsletter Wednesday, Mar 16

Dear Reader ,

Here is your customized Phys.org Newsletter for March 16, 2016:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

- Young sun-like star shows a magnetic field was critical for life on the early Earth
- Mysterious 'Tully monster' is a vertebrate, research finds
- Vipers found to not have the fastest strike after all
- How brain maturation changes uninhibited teens to self-controlled adults
- Converting E. coli into a pharmaceutical factory
- Astronomers discover the most metal-poor galaxy in the local universe
- Scientists generate a new type of human stem cell that has half a genome
- Bacterial resistance to copper in the making for thousands of years
- Food-tracking wearable device could help fight diabetes, obesity, bowel disorders and more
- Advanced energy storage material gets unprecedented nanoscale analysis
- Surface-going cave crickets actually more isolated than cave-dwelling cousins
- Keeping ribosomes stuck may stop virulent bacteria strain in its track
- Scientists find that our cells' power plants run on timers
- Counterattack of the hepatitis B virus
- Experimental dengue vaccine protects all recipients in virus challenge study

Astronomy & Space news

	Astronomers discover the most metal-poor galaxy in the local universe (Phys.org)—Galaxies with low metallicity are of special importance for astronomers as they could provide crucial insights about chemical evolution of stars and astrophysical processes occurring in the early universe. Now, a team of researchers, led by Alec Hirschauer of Indiana University, has detected a galaxy that appears to be the most metal-poor gravitationally bound system of stars present in the local universe. The findings appear in a paper published online on Mar. 11 in the arXiv journal.
	Young sun-like star shows a magnetic field was critical for life on the early Earth Nearly four billion years ago, life arose on Earth. Life appeared because our planet had a rocky surface, liquid water, and a blanketing atmosphere. But life thrived thanks to another necessary ingredient: the presence of a protective magnetic field. A new study of the young, Sun-like star Kappa Ceti shows that a magnetic field plays a key role in making a planet conducive to life.
	NASA to test fire in space by burning unmanned orbiting craft NASA said it will test the effects of a large fire in space by setting off a blaze inside an orbiting unmanned space craft.
	Astronomers discover unexpected changes of bright spots on Ceres Ceres is the largest body in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and the only such object classed as a dwarf planet. NASA's Dawn spacecraft has been in orbit around Ceres for more than a year and has mapped its surface in great detail. One of the biggest surprises has been the discovery of very bright spots, which reflect far more light than their much darker surroundings. The most prominent of these spots lie inside the crater Occator and suggest that Ceres may be a much more active world than most of its asteroid neighbours.
	Students map Milky Way with dwarf stars Two astronomy students from Leiden University have mapped the entire Milky Way Galaxy in dwarf stars for the first time. They show that there are a total of 58 billion dwarf stars, of which seven per cent reside in the outer regions of our Galaxy. This result is the most comprehensive model ever for the distribution of these stars. The findings appear in a new paper in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
	A source accelerating Galactic cosmic rays to unprecedented energy discovered at the centre of the Milky Way For more than 10 years the H.E.S.S. observatory in Namibia, run by an international collaboration of 42 institutions in 12 countries, has been mapping the center of our galaxy in very-high-energy gamma rays. These gamma rays are produced by cosmic rays from the innermost region of the galaxy. A detailed analysis of the latest H.E.S.S. data, published on 16 March 2016 in Nature, reveals for the first time a source of this cosmic radiation at energies never observed before in the Milky Way: the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy, likely to accelerate cosmic rays to energies 100 times larger than those achieved at the largest terrestrial particle accelerator, the LHC at CERN.
	Image: Picturing the sun's magnetic field This illustration lays a depiction of the sun's magnetic fields over an image captured by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory on March 12, 2016. The complex overlay of lines can teach scientists about the ways the sun's magnetism changes in response to the constant movement on and inside the sun.
	All-in-one, 3D-printed space antenna A prototype 3D-printed antenna being put to work in ESA's Compact Antenna Test Facility, a shielded chamber for antenna and radio-frequency testing.
	Image: ESA's International Berthing and Docking Mechanism (IBDM) A close-up of the engineering model of ESA's International Berthing and Docking Mechanism (IBDM) that will mate spacecraft with an airtight seal. Whereas present docking systems are passive and rely on the spacecraft to push against each other to make the connection, ESA's new mechanism is active, allowing the spacecraft to meet more gently before it draws them together.

Technology news

	PlayStation virtual reality gear to launch in October (Update) Sony plans to make virtual reality—long the stuff of films cast off into a distant future—mainstream with the October release of PlayStation VR headgear priced at $399.
	Apple says FBI out to 'rewrite history' in iPhone case Apple fired anew Tuesday at the US government's legal fight to force it to break into an attacker's iPhone, saying the tactic would "appall" the country's founders.
	Samsung C-Lab revealing three projects at SXSW event Big Technology companies cannot rest on past product success; they have to keep moving with the new. You might shudderto think what would happen if engineers and developers asking what-if questions only got reactions from their bosses such as "Crazy stupid idea," or "Get back to work."
	Generating electricity with tomato waste A team of scientists is exploring an unusual source of electricity—damaged tomatoes that are unsuitable for sale at the grocery store. Their pilot project involves a biological-based fuel cell that uses tomato waste left over from harvests in Florida.
	Recalculating! By not driving the optimal route, you're causing traffic jams If you use a car to get around, every time you get behind the wheel you're confronted with a choice: how will you navigate to your destination? Whether it's a trip you take every day, such as from home to work, or to someplace you haven't been before, you need to decide on a route.
	Smaller, cheaper microbial fuel cells turn urine into electricity A new kind of fuel cell that can turn urine into electricity could revolutionize the way we produce bioenergy, particularly in developing countries. The research, published in Electrochimica Acta, describes a new design of microbial fuel cell that's smaller, cheaper and more powerful than traditional ones.
	Food-tracking wearable device could help fight diabetes, obesity, bowel disorders and more Carrots and apples not only taste different. They make distinct sounds when chewed.
Researchers crack 50-year-old nuclear waste problem, make storage safer Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have adapted a technology developed for solar energy in order to selectively remove one of the trickiest and most-difficult-to-remove elements in nuclear waste pools across the country, making the storage of nuclear waste safer and nontoxic—and solving a decades-old problem.
	Virtual reality trips are everywhere at South by Southwest Virtual reality is big at South by Southwest Interactive, the annual Austin, Texas, tech festival that wraps up Tuesday. It's a big technological development, a business opportunity—and also just a big experiment, as everyone tries to figure out how to use it.
Instagram says it will show posts in order of 'relevance' Instagram users could soon notice something different in their feeds: Instead of showing users the most recent posts first, the mobile photo-sharing app says it will give higher priority to posts that each user is likely to care about most.
	Smart vests have construction workers' safety at heart Heat stress is a growing safety concern in the building industry and now an innovative smart vest has been developed to monitor the health of construction workers in real time.
	Hot rocks: Kenya taps geothermal heat to boost power Zebra and antelope look on as clouds of white steam twist into the air at Hell's Gate, where Kenya's dream of providing cheap, renewable electricity is becoming a reality.
Fame in defeat for S. Korean Go grandmaster With 18 international titles under his belt after a decade of dominance in his chosen field, it seems a little unfair that South Korean Go grandmaster Lee Se-Dol has finally achieved global recognition in defeat.
	Development of a wall-climbing drone A new wall-climbing drone can approach any type of structure by flying and sticking to the target and utitlizing a pose change and perching mechanism.
On-demand shipping company Shyp partners with eBay In another bid to make shipping a less annoying experience, Shyp announced a partnership with eBay on Tuesday that will give eBay sellers the option to send goods via its on-demand packing and mailing service.
With artificial intelligence having beaten humans in board games, what's next? When a person's intelligence is tested, there are exams. IQ tests, general knowledge quizzes, SATs.
	Review: Audi TT's Virtual Cockpit is the future of dashboards There are good things and bad things (not really) about being a technology writer.
Andrew Ng, chief scientist, Chinese search giant Baidu Artificial intelligence whiz Andrew Ng hangs his hat these days at a nondescript building in Sunnyvale that serves as the Silicon Valley outpost of the Chinese search giant Baidu.
Startup makes sense of transit data On the Internet, traffic is easily tracked. Google and Facebook have algorithms that know what users are searching for. Online retailers can monitor what shoppers are buying. Newspapers can see in real-time how many readers are viewing an article.
Uber launches new food delivery app The food delivery market just got more crowded with the launch Tuesday morning of a new on-demand meal app by Uber.
	US still world leader in patent filings The United States remained world leader in international patent filings in 2015, followed by Japan and China, the World Intellectual Property Organization said on Wednesday.
	Guilty plea in nude photo hack reveals 'phishing' scam Prosecutors have announced the first criminal conviction in connection with the 2014 hacking of Hollywood celebrities that resulted in the online release of hundreds of private nude photos.
Autonomous braking to be in most cars by 2022 Major automakers and the U.S. government have reached agreement to make automatic emergency braking standard equipment on most cars by 2022, two people briefed on the deal said.
Emails: Clinton sought secure smartphone, rebuffed by NSA Newly released emails show a 2009 request to issue a secure government smartphone to then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton was denied by the National Security Agency.
CBS says 'Star Trek' to help reap $400M from online channel Boldly going where no programmer has gone before?
	Why Netflix wants you to watch an extra screen Netflix announced last month that it will launch a second screen experience within its app, allowing subscribers to view additional information related to the program they are watching.
	Lightweight materials provide opportunities for the next generation of railway vehicles The transportation industry has for a long time been engaged in the application of new lightweight materials for primary structural design. In aeronautics, where the weight of an aircraft is a crucial factor for fuel consumption, composite materials are now replacing metallic materials in both structural and non-structural parts.
Denmark's intelligence agency creates 'hacker academy' Denmark's military intelligence agency says it's creating "a hacker academy" where to train IT specialists who, if they graduate, will be offered employment.
	US factory output picks up in February for 2nd month U.S. factories produced more machinery, appliances and computers last month, the second straight increase in output and a sign manufacturing is stabilizing after a difficult year.

Medicine & Health news

	How brain maturation changes uninhibited teens to self-controlled adults (Medical Xpress)—One of the biggest problems in the U.S. justice system is the expanding number of states that treat teens as adults for certain crimes. While harsh treatment of adolescents might generate votes for tough-on-crime policies and candidates, an increasing amount of neurological research strongly suggests that the brain function of teens is vastly different than adult brains, and that impulsivity in adolescents is largely unavoidable.
	Why some tumors withstand treatment New cancer drugs allow doctors to tailor treatment based on the genetic profile of a patient's tumor. However, these drugs don't work at all in some patients, and they lose their effectiveness in others.
	Mouse model yields possible treatment for autism-like symptoms in rare disease About half of children born with Jacobsen syndrome, a rare inherited disease, experience social and behavioral issues consistent with autism spectrum disorders. Researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and collaborators developed a mouse model of the disease that also exhibits autism-like social behaviors and used it to unravel the molecular mechanism that connects the genetic defects inherited in Jacobsen syndrome to effects on brain function.
	Antibody slows tumor growth and metastasis in mice Johns Hopkins scientists report they have developed an antibody against a specific cellular gateway that suppresses lung tumor cell growth and breast cancer metastasis in transplanted tumor experiments in mice, according to a new study published in the February issue of Nature Communications.
	Scientists find that our cells' power plants run on timers When one eats may be as important as what one eats. New research at the Weizmann Institute of Science and in Germany, which recently appeared in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), suggests that the cells' power plants - the mitochondria - are highly regulated by the body's biological, or circadian, clocks. This may help explain why people who sleep and eat out of phase with their circadian clocks are at higher risk of developing obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
	Mitochondrial metabolism linked to acute kidney injury Approximately one out of five hospitalized adults and one out of three hospitalized children worldwide experience acute kidney injury, the sudden loss of kidney function. Many different factors, including surgery, chemotherapy or shock, can lead to acute kidney injury, but exactly why the kidneys are so vulnerable to these and other stressors has not been well understood.
	'Lost' memories can be found In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, patients are often unable to remember recent experiences. However, a new study from MIT suggests that those memories are still stored in the brain—they just can't be easily accessed.
	Starvation signals control intestinal inflammation in mice Intestinal inflammation in mice can be dampened by subjecting them briefly to a diet restricted in amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, research scheduled for publication in Nature shows.
	Counterattack of the hepatitis B virus The hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is up to 100 times more infectious than HIV, is primarily transmitted through blood or other bodily fluids. HBV infects liver cells and chronic infection can lead to serious health problems such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. According to the World Health organization, chronic hepatitis B affects nearly 240 million people worldwide, killing almost 800,000 people a year. Drugs are available to treat HBV, but they rarely cure the infection, and so the virus typically returns after the treatment ends.
	Electrical brain stimulation could support stroke recovery Applying an electric current to the brain can help recovery from stroke, Oxford University researchers have found.
	Experimental dengue vaccine protects all recipients in virus challenge study A clinical trial in which volunteers were infected with dengue virus six months after receiving either an experimental dengue vaccine developed by scientists from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) or a placebo injection yielded starkly contrasting results. All 21 volunteers who received the vaccine, TV003, were protected from infection, while all 20 placebo recipients developed infection. The study, published in Science Translational Medicine, underscores the importance of human challenge studies, in which volunteers are exposed to disease-causing pathogens under carefully controlled conditions.
	Scientists modulate cholesterol metabolism to potentiate T-cell antitumor immunity As key players in the immune system, T cells provide tumor surveillance and have direct antitumor effects. However, tumors can escape T-cell attack through various mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. Reactivating the antitumor effects of T cells has shown great clinical benefits in treating various cancers. The current T cell-based cancer immunotherapies are, nevertheless, only effective in a limited group of patients. New cancer immunotherapies are needed, therefore, to benefit more patients.
Refugees have a substantially higher risk of psychotic disorders Refugees face a substantially higher risk of psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, compared to non-refugee migrants from the same regions of origin, finds a study published in The BMJ today.
Antibiotic resistance in children is high and associated with previous antibiotic use Antibiotic resistance in children with urinary infections is high and could render some antibiotics ineffective as first-line treatments, warns a study published by The BMJ today.
No evidence that genetic tests change people's behavior Genetic tests that provide an estimate of an individual's risk of developing diseases such as lung cancer and heart disease do not appear to motivate a change in behaviour to reduce the risk, according to a study led by the University of Cambridge and published in The BMJ today.
Austerity linked to rising mortality rates among older pensioners Rising mortality rates among pensioners aged 85 and over are linked to reductions in spending on income support for poorer pensioners, suggests new research published today by the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. The researchers suggest that austerity measures in England have affected vulnerable old-age adults.
	Nearly half of women who stop smoking during pregnancy go back to smoking soon after baby is born A major new review published today by the scientific journal Addiction reveals that in studies testing the effectiveness of stop-smoking support for pregnant women, nearly half (43%) of the women who managed to stay off cigarettes during the pregnancy went back to smoking within 6 months of the birth.
Stronger measures needed to deter use of cough and cold medicine in young children About 18 per cent of children still received cough and cold medications despite label warnings advising against their use in children under age six, a new study has found.
	Off-label use of metformin common in U.S. adolescents (HealthDay)—In U.S. adolescents, off-label use of metformin is common, according to a study published online March 9 in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics.
	Recommendations issued for myeloma-tied renal impairment (HealthDay)—Recommendations have been developed for the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma-related renal impairment; the guidelines were published online March 14 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
	Mayo Clinic has established model to help battle burnout (HealthDay)—In an effort to reduce burnout among physicians, the Mayo Clinic is initiating a model to raise camaraderie and increase collaboration, according to a report published by the American Medical Association (AMA).
	More variability in overnight insulin requirements in T1DM (HealthDay)—For individuals with type 1 diabetes, overnight insulin requirements are significantly more variable than daytime and total daily insulin requirements during closed-loop insulin delivery, according to a study published online March 10 in Diabetes Care.
	New research further supports association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly New research, based on data from the 2013-14 Zika outbreak in French Polynesia, further supports the association between Zika virus and microcephaly. The study, published today in The Lancet, estimates that the risk of microcephaly is about 1 for every 100 women infected with Zika virus during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Limit opioid painkiller prescriptions, US regulators say US health authorities issued guidelines Tuesday to limit prescribing opioid painkillers, in an attempt to help curb an epidemic of overdoses that kills more than 40 Americans every day.
	Birth defect risk 1-in-100 for Zika-infected pregnant women, study says A woman infected by the Zika virus during the first three months of pregnancy faces a one-in-100 chance her child will suffer severe brain damage, according to a study released Wednesday.
	Multiple STIs could be detected with a single 30-minute test One test that could detect four of the most common sexually transmitted infections in 30 minutes and allow them to be rapidly treated, will be developed by St George's, University of London and diagnostics company Atlas Genetics.
	New treatment for chronic lymphatic leukaemia could replace chemotherapy Studies conducted at the Comprehensive Cancer Center at MedUni Vienna and Vienna General Hospital show that the drugs ibrutinib and idelalisib used in the targeted treatment of chronic lymphatic leukaemia can significantly prolong the survival time of high-risk patients. The average survival time of these patients is between one and two years when they receive standard treatment, whereas 80% of patients receiving the new treatment were still alive after two years. These results give us reason to hope that, in future, these two drugs could not only replace chemotherapy but even stem cell transplantation.
	Omega 3 fatty acids may reduce bacterial lung infections associated with COPD Compounds derived from omega-3 fatty acids – like those found in salmon – might be the key to helping the body combat lung infections, according to researchers at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry.
	Doctors find the first effective treatment to calm delirious critically ill patients Critically ill patients in intensive care commonly become delirious and agitated during treatment, causing them to pull out breathing tubes and interfere with other essential medical devices.
	Study finds college students feel less stress prior to exams after visits with therapy dogs An interdisciplinary research team at Virginia Commonwealth University has found that visits with therapy dogs significantly reduce students' perceived stress during final exam week. The study is the latest in a growing body of evidence that supports the health benefits of interacting with companion animals. Researchers at the VCU Center for Human-Animal Interaction have been producing influential data on the topic since 2001.
	Intestinal microbes may speed progression from HIV to AIDS The advent of antiretroviral therapy—a combination of medications used to slow the progression of HIV—has allowed many people infected with the virus to live long, productive lives. But the therapy doesn't cure them, and those who take the drugs have an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease, cancer, kidney and liver disease, and other disorders seen in HIV patients.
	10 simple ways to increase your physical activity Regardless of your shape or size, physical activity has been shown to add years to your life, and life to your years. But believe it or not, the benefits of physical activity are not restricted to exercise performed in the gym. In fact, one of the easiest ways to improve your health may be through increasing the amount of low intensity physical activity you perform throughout the day. For example, simply increasing the number of steps that you take each day is very likely to reduce your risk for diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It's still uncertain if this light intensity physical activity can reduce body weight, but it is clear that individuals who engage in high amounts of light intensity physical activity are healthier than those who do not. In fact, there is good evidence to suggest that simply reducing the amount of time spent sitting each day may reduce risk of death independently of other lifestyle factors! (for one previous post on this topic, click here).
	Low childhood IQ linked to premature death in adulthood Lower levels of intelligence measured in childhood are associated with an increased risk of premature death in adulthood.
	New app provides between-session therapy for refugees When Karen Fondacaro's psychotherapy clients experience a debilitating flashback of torture, rape or other trauma they endured, they have specific techniques to cope with those emotional flare ups. If the flashback causes panic, they can do a breathing exercise. If they shift to a disassociated state, losing touch with their bodies or surroundings, they can try a grounding technique that brings them back to their physical world.
Students want more from school sex ed, new survey reveals School-based education programs have edged out friends and parents as secondary students' most used source of information about sexuality and relationships in a new survey by Deakin University and the University of South Australia.
	Scientists show that complex visual tasks reduce people's ability to notice a touch Royal Holloway psychologists have demonstrated that completing a demanding visual task reduces people's ability to sense touch. The findings are particularly important given the growing use of tactile information in warning systems - for example, in cars.
	What makes us conscious? Do you think that the machine you are reading this story on, right now, has a feeling of "what it is like" to be in its state?
	If we're not careful, epigenetics may bring back eugenic thinking Epigenetics, the study of how environmental factors and lifestyle choices influence our genes, has flourished to become one of the most groundbreaking areas of science over the past decade. Studies have shown that, among other things, toxins, stress, socio-economic status, bullying, racism and the lifestyles of our parents and grandparents can all turn on or off certain genes in our DNA. The field is radically changing how we think about nature and nurture – giving it an impact far beyond the lab.
	Protein from bacteria alleviates food allergy symptoms Lactobacillus might sound familiar when the topic of probiotics comes up, but they are only one of many types of bacteria that have proven health benefits. In a new study by the Academy for Immunology and Microbiology within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) and the National Institute of Animal Science research project of Rural Development Administration, researchers have shown that the introduction of the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 has the ability to reduce the effects of food allergies. In the US, the number of children with food allergies increased by 18% between 1997 and 2007; during the same time allergy-related hospital visits tripled.
	Tracking the Zika virus Imagine a fourth-year work placement with global impact. At BlueDot, students and alumni from Ryerson's Department of Geography are helping to spearhead the next generation of infectious disease research.
	Findings point to complexity of body's response to alcohol A daily drink or two is good for you, studies have shown, but new findings introduce a caveat: a temporary increase in heart attack and stroke risk.
Scaling mental resilience more effectively Many people get on with their lives after traumatic experiences without any psychological suffering. This is because, in spite of all the trauma, they manage to pigeonhole what they have experienced. Although this sense of coherence was first described in the 1970s, measuring it has remained problematic to this day. Psychologists from the University of Zurich have now developed a questionnaire that renders the sense of coherence in overcoming trauma tangible in a more appropriate way.
Childhood pre-migration health and circumstances shed light on the 'healthy migrant effect' Studies have shown that immigrants to the U.S., Canada, and Australia tend to be healthier and live longer than non-immigrants in their host countries, once adjustments have been made for income and education. There has been a great deal of speculation as to why this "healthy migrant effect" exists. One hypothesis proposes that it is due to self-selection such that particularly healthy individuals are more likely to choose to move to a different country, while those who are in poor health may be less willing or able to do so.
	Optometry schools need to improve training to help people stop smoking Academics from City University London have found that the training provided to student optometrists on how to best support smokers to quit is extremely limited in the UK.
	Waist-to-height ratio should be used as a screening tool for early health risks Waist-to-height ratio is a simpler and more predictive indicator of the 'early heath risks' associated with central obesity than the complex 'matrix', based on BMI and waist circumference (WC), currently used by Public Health England (PHE).
	Statins cut tuberculosis treatment time in mice In a study using mice, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine infectious disease experts have added to evidence that statin drugs—known primarily for their cholesterol-lowering effects—can significantly reduce the time it takes to clear tuberculosis infection.
	Researchers prevent, normalize tumors using light to control cell electric signals Tufts University biologists using a frog model have demonstrated for the first time that it is possible to prevent tumors from forming and normalize tumors after they have formed by using light to control electrical signaling among cells. The work, which appears online in Oncotarget on March 16, 2016 is the first reported use of optogenetics to specifically manipulate bioelectrical signals to both prevent and cause regression of tumors induced by oncogenes.
	Potential Zika virus risk estimated for 50 US cities Key factors that can combine to produce a Zika virus outbreak are expected to be present in a number of U.S. cities during peak summer months, new research shows.
	High standards produce mixed effects on marriages There is a tension between what spouses demand from their marriages and what they are capable of attaining from those marriages, according to recent psychology research. The results are published in the April issue of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
	Allowing women to extend labor reduces rate of cesarean delivery When women in labor are given more time to deliver their baby than current guidelines recommend, their incidence of cesarean delivery drops by 55 percent, say researchers at Thomas Jefferson University.
Healthcare systems must adapt to cope with escalating impact of ageing populations The head of The Innovation Group, Professor Rene Amalberti, has advised that healthcare systems must adapt in order to cope with our ageing populations. His editorial on the topic is published today in the International Journal for Quality in Health Care.
	An expert's guide to sneezin' season (HealthDay)—This could be a bad spring allergy season and people with allergies need to be prepared, an expert warns.
	Genetic tests may not change people's unhealthy ways (HealthDay)—Genetic tests that predict people's risk for disease are becoming more common, but a new analysis suggests that having that information doesn't mean people act on it.
	Incident A-fib linked to shorter disability-free survival (HealthDay)—For older adults, incident atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with shorter disability-free survival, according to a study published online March 1 in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
	HIV-seropositive CIN3+ patients have lower HPV16 prevalence (HealthDay)—HIV-seropositive women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade ≥3 (CIN3+) are less likely to have human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, according to a study published in the March issue of the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.
	CDC issues new prescription guidelines for opioids (HealthDay)—A new advisory, from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, stresses that doctors—especially primary care physicians—should try to avoid prescription of opioids whenever possible. Two research letters published online March 15 in the Journal of the American Medical Association highlight the scope of the opioid issue.
	Obesity linked to higher asthma risk in women (HealthDay)—As weight rises, so too does the risk for asthma, U.S. health officials report.
Cut the carcinogen in your french fries The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is issuing guidance to the food industry on how to reduce levels of acrylamide - a chemical that forms in foods cooked at high heat, such as french fries and potato chips.
	Poor diet and lack of exercise accelerate the onset of age-related conditions in mice Could an unhealthy diet and lack of exercise be making you age faster? Researchers at Mayo Clinic believe there is a link between these modifiable lifestyle factors and the biological processes of aging. In a recent study, researchers demonstrated that a poor diet and lack of exercise accelerated the onset of cellular senescence and, in turn, age-related conditions in mice. Results appear today in Diabetes.
Analysis of outcomes of hemophilia care over 50-year span reveals progress, disparities Despite significant advances in hemophilia therapies and increased access to integrated treatment centers over the last half century, men with severe forms of this disease still experience physical limitations and disability, according to new research published online today in Blood, the Journal of the American Society of Hematology (ASH). The incidence of joint bleeding also remains higher than expected, even among a subset of men with mild hemophilia.
	Atrial fibrillation patients at highest stroke risk not prescribed necessary medication Nearly half of all atrial fibrillation (AF) patients at the highest risk for stroke are not being prescribed blood thinners by their cardiologists, according to a new study by researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and University of California, San Francisco.
Identifying priorities for surgical disparities research Health care disparities are widely established in the United States, but until now there has not been agreement between surgeon-scientists, health disparities researchers, federal funding organizations, and policymakers on which specific research areas are the most pressing ones to address from both a research and funding perspective.
	Britain imposes sugar tax on soft drinks to cut obesity (Update) Britain will join a growing band of countries taxing excessive sugar levels in soft drinks, as it attempts to cut down on spiralling childhood obesity levels, finance minister George Osborne said Wednesday.
Marijuana use disorder is on the rise nationally; few receive treatment The percentage of Americans who reported using marijuana in the past year more than doubled between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013, and the increase in marijuana use disorders during that time was nearly as large, according to a new study in the American Journal of Psychiatry. The research also showed that 2.5 percent of adults—nearly 6 million people—experienced marijuana use disorder in the past year, while 6.3 percent had met the diagnostic criteria for the disorder at some point in their lives.
Risk score may help identify patients at risk for sudden cardiac death after acute coronary syndrome In a study published online by JAMA Cardiology, Pierluigi Tricoci, M.D., Ph.D., M.H.S., of the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, N.C., and colleagues assessed the cumulative incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) during long-term follow-up after non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS; a type of heart attack or unstable angina with certain findings on an electrocardiogram), and developed a risk model and risk score for SCD after NSTE ACS.
Why are some people more attached to their phones than others? Some people frequently check and re-check their mobile phones. Once this impulse is triggered, it may be more a question of not being able to leave the device alone than actually hoping to gain some reward from it. These insights are drawn from a study by psychologists Henry Wilmer and Jason Chein of Temple University in the US and are published in Springer's journal Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. Their findings shed light on the reasons why some people are so attached to their smartphones and mobile technology, while others are less so.
Rat problems in poor neighborhoods linked to depressive symptoms Residents of Baltimore's low-income neighborhoods who believe rats are a big problem where they live are significantly more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms such as sadness and anxiety, new Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health research suggests.
New soft material could reduce complications for women suffering from urinary incontinence Researchers at the University of Sheffield have developed a novel implantable material which could reduce the number of debilitating side-effects that occur as a result of using a material that is too rigid for surgical treatment of incontinence.
	Scientists discover a link between psoriasis and general bone loss Researchers from the Genes, Development and Disease Group, headed by Erwin Wagner at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) have discovered that psoriasis patients experience a widespread bone loss as a result of the disease. In addition, this paper, which is being published in the journal Science Translational Medicine, describes the molecular communication that is established between the inflamed skin and loss of bone mass. This discovery highlights the possibility to treat psoriasis with drugs that are already on the market, or in advanced clinical trial stages, that would have additional benefits for the bone.
Healthy heart equals healthy brain A healthy heart may have major benefits for preventing the decline in brain function that sometimes accompanies aging, according to new research in Journal of the American Heart Association.
	Women may keep verbal memory skills longer than men in the early stages of Alzheimer's Women may have a better memory for words than men despite evidence of similar levels of shrinkage in areas of the brain that show the earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease, according to a study published in the March 16, 2016, online issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
Higher volume radiation facilities associated with better survival rates New research finds improvement in overall survival rates among men with aggressive prostate cancer who were treated with radiation at a facility that frequently performs that treatment.
	Volunteering for infection in hunt for dengue, Zika vaccines Forget mosquito bites. Volunteers let researchers inject them with the dengue virus in the name of science—and an experimental vaccine protected them. Next up, scientists plan to use this same strategy against dengue's cousin, the Zika virus.
High coronary calcium score may signal increased risk of cancer, kidney and lung disease A 10-year follow-up study of more than 6,000 people who underwent heart CT scans suggests that a high coronary artery calcium score puts people at greater risk not only for heart and vascular disease but also for cancer, chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
	Re-energizing the aging brain The human brain has a prodigious demand for energy—20 to 30% of the body's energy budget. In the course of normal aging, in people with neurodegenerative diseases or mental disorders, or in periods of physiological stress, the supply of sugars to the brain may be reduced. This leads to a reduction in the brain's energy reserves, which in turn can lead to cognitive decline and loss of memory.
	Kids who aren't ready for kindergarten may suffer long-term consequences (HealthDay)—Children entering kindergarten need to be socially and behaviorally ready for school or they may struggle in later grades, a new study suggests.
	Hospitalist morale index is validated instrument (HealthDay)—The Hospitalist Morale Index is a valid instrument for assessing hospitalist morale, according to a study published online March 10 in the Journal of Hospital Medicine.
	DNA methylation in adulthood linked to season of birth (HealthDay)—DNA methylation in adulthood is associated with season of birth and may influence the effect of season of birth on allergy, according to a study published online March 12 in Allergy.
	Distal symmetric polyneuropathy linked to MetS components (HealthDay)—Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) prevalence increases with an increasing number of components of metabolic syndrome, according to a study published online March 10 in Diabetes Care.
	Patient-controlled anesthesia non-inferior after C-section (HealthDay)—Early patient-controlled oral analgesia is non-inferior to standard parenteral analgesia for pain management after elective cesarean section, according to a study published online March 2 in Anaesthesia.
	Neck laxity improved with high-intensity focused radiofrequency (HealthDay)—Fractional high-intensity focused radiofrequency (HiFR) delivered to the dermis is effective for skin laxity of the lower face/neck, according to a study published online March 4 in Lasers in Surgery and Medicine.
	Melanoma therapy tied to cutaneous adverse events (HealthDay)—Anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 therapy for metastatic melanoma is associated with the development of immune-related cutaneous events, according to research published in the March issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
	FDA safety announcement affected bisphosphonate use (HealthDay)—A U.S. Food and Drug Administration safety announcement relating to atrial fibrillation risk associated with bisphosphonates correlated with a reduction in bisphosphonate use, according to a study published online March 11 in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.
	Antenatal corticosteroids cut mortality for early preemies (HealthDay)—For neonates born before 24 weeks of gestation, receipt of antenatal corticosteroids and active intensive treatment is associated with reduced odds of mortality to discharge, according to a review published in the April issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology.
	Study reports significant link between nightmares and suicidal behavior A new study is the first to report that the relationship between nightmares and suicidal behaviors is partially mediated by a multi-step pathway via defeat, entrapment and hopelessness.
Hope for veterans with an overlooked form of post-traumatic stress disorder In an article published in the March 2016 issue of the Journal of Anxiety Disorders, investigators in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) report that veterans who fall just below the threshold for a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) respond to a psychotherapy regimen better than those with full PTSD. The study highlights the need to recognize veterans suffering from an overlooked condition called subclinical PTSD. "The study shows not only that we can treat those experiencing subclinical presentations of PTSD, but also that those with subclinical PTSD may actually respond better to treatment than those with more severe forms of the disease," says MUSC investigator Kristina Korte, Ph.D., who is the first author on the article. MUSC co-authors include Ron Acierno, Ph.D., Daniel F. Gros, Ph.D., and Nicholas P. Allan, MS.
	Within six families, a path to personalized treatment for an immune disorder At age 56, R.J. was continually afflicted with sinus infections and pneumonia, and despite treatments, only seemed to be getting worse. For decades, immunologist Harry R. Hill, M.D., had seen patients like her. At the time he couldn't have known that her family's genetic information, combined with that of five other families from across the world, would classify a new disorder. Their subtype of common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) results from mutations in IKAROS, a protein well known for its central role in immune cell development. The new findings, published online in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) on March 17, make possible a definitive genetic diagnosis for this class of CVID, opening a door to precision medicine tailored to patients with the disorder.
10-minute urine test can measure specific compounds from food consumed Can we say goodbye to unreliable food diaries and diet recall in exchange for a urine test that will better aid researchers in figuring out what foods might help prevent cancer?
Interventions to minimize high-risk prescribing can cut emergency admissions High-risk prescribing and preventable drug-related complications in primary care are major concerns for health care systems internationally, responsible for up to 4 per cent of emergency hospital admissions.
UK's anti-lobbying clause risks jeopardizing public health, warn experts A move by the UK government to stop lobbying by tax funded bodies could have a serious impact on public health, warn leading researchers in The BMJ today.
Newark will test 17,000 school children for lead poisoning Newark will test up to 17,000 children for lead poisoning after elevated levels of the toxin were found in the drinking water at nearly half of the schools in New Jersey's biggest city.
Dominica reports first case of mosquito-borne Zika virus Dominica is reporting its first case of the Zika virus that has been rapidly spreading across the hemisphere.
Household catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment Today at the 45th Annual Meeting & Exhibition of the American Association for Dental Research, researcher Eduardo Bernabé, King's College London Dental Institute, England, UK, will present a study titled "Household Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Impoverishment Due to Payments for Dental Care in Low and Middle Income Countries." The AADR Annual Meeting is being held in conjunction with the 40th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research.
Tooth loss and untreated caries predict food intake limitations Today at the 45th Annual Meeting & Exhibition of the American Association for Dental Research, researcher Hongjun Yin, DB Consulting Group, Inc., Alpharetta, Ga., USA, will present a study titled "Tooth Loss and Untreated Caries Predict Food Intake Limitations." The AADR Annual Meeting is being held in conjunction with the 40th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research.
Postponing restorative intervention of occlusal dentin caries by non-invasive sealing Today at the 45th Annual Meeting & Exhibition of the American Association for Dental Research, researcher Vibeke Qvist, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, will present a study titled "Postponing Restorative Intervention of Occlusal Dentin Caries by Non-Invasive Sealing." The AADR Annual Meeting is being held in conjunction with the 40th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research.
	Cuba reports first case of Zika transmitted on the island Cuban officials announced Tuesday night that they have detected the first case of the Zika virus transmitted inside the country, ending Cuba's status as one of the last nations in the hemisphere without domestic cases of the disease that has been linked to birth defects.
	Child abuse contributes the most to mental health problems in the Canadian Armed Forces Among the mental health disorders reported in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) in 2013, 8.7% of the burden of illness was attributed to Afghanistan-related military service while 28.7% was attributed to past child abuse experiences. This research is out today in The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, published by the Canadian Psychiatric Association (CPA) in partnership with SAGE Publishing.
What do concussions do to teens' bodies and brains? Concussions have received plenty of attention from the media, but exactly how they affect patients clinically is not well understood.
	Children's television can portray the frantic and inane repetition of our lives to perfection I have a confession to make. Yesterday my 18-month old Joe finally sat through an entire TV show without moving – and I was ecstatic!
Low dose radiation and health Researchers in Europe have reviewed cancer rates among people in parts of the world where natural background radiation is higher than average and found that incidence is not as high as one might guess. The findings, published in the International Journal of Low Radiation suggests that science ought to take a second look at studies that correlate low levels of radiation exposure with detrimental health effects.
The hormone cortisol has been linked to increased aggression in 10-year-old boys Spanish researchers have studied the relationship between hormones and aggressive behaviour in girls and boys between the ages of eight and 10. The results, published in the American Journal of Human Biology, confirm that the subjects who experienced the greatest increase in levels of aggression by 10 years of age were those whose cortisol levels had also increased during those two years.
	Implant against high blood pressure The Tuttlingen medical technology company Aesculap AG has founded the Freiburg startup neuroloop GmbH in cooperation with the University of Freiburg and the Freiburg University Medical Center. Building on research work from a team led by Prof. Dr. Thomas Stieglitz at the university's Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and a research group at the university medical center, the company plans to develop neurostimulators that will be capable among other things of lowering high blood pressure.
Will the Zika virus prompt Latin America to rethink abortion and birth control? The Zika virus outbreak and its probable association with microcephaly in newborns are prompting calls to loosen Latin America's strict abortion laws and make birth control more readily available.
Boston Children's and Edwards Lifesciences launch pulmonary valve replacement trial Surgeons in the Heart Center at Boston Children's Hospital have partnered with Edwards Lifesciences to launch a clinical study of a new prosthetic heart valve for patients born with a congenital heart defect. Called the COMMENCE - Pulmonary Valve Trial, the study will include up to 10 pediatric heart centers from around the U.S.; Boston Children's is the trial's lead site.
Race and income affect responses to FDA drug safety warnings Among older adults with diabetes, certain subgroups—including white patients and those with lower incomes—were slower to discontinue the diabetes drug rosiglitazone after a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) safety alert, reports a study in the April issue of Medical Care.
Trained technicians using CV software improved the accuracy and quality of LDCT scans Trained technician screeners with assisted computer-aided nodule detection or computer vision (CV) screening workstations can efficiently and accurately review and triage abnormal low-dose computed topography (LDCT) scans for radiologist review.
Senate effort to block food labeling of modified food stalls Senate Republican efforts to stop mandatory labeling of genetically modified foods have stalled.
Biomarkers can help guide immune-suppressing treatment after organ transplantation Recently discovered biomarkers may provide valuable new approaches to monitoring immunosuppressive drug therapy in organ transplant recipients—with the potential for individualized therapy to reduce organ rejection and minimize side effects, according to a special article in the April issue of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, official journal of the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology.
Aging is portrayed as mainly negative in popular music lyrics A recent analysis of popular music reveals that while older age and aging are represented both negatively and positively in music lyrics, negative representations predominate.
Intimate partner violence simulation training at MU is first in nation Intimate partner violence (IPV), has become a prevalent health care issue. Instances of assault, battery, rape, stalking and emotional abuse in relationships can be difficult for nurses to handle as they often lack the appropriate training to feel confident enough to screen patients for IPV. A new training program developed in the Sinclair School of Nursing at the University of Missouri, provides a powerful tool to better equip nurses in assisting victims of IPV. The Sinclair School of Nursing is the first program in the U.S. to implement such a simulation in their undergraduate curriculum, and the results from the program indicate it could become a national model for training nurses.

Biology news

	Vipers found to not have the fastest strike after all (Phys.org)—A trio of researchers with the University of Louisiana at Lafayette has found that contrary to folklore, vipers are not the clear champions when it comes to how fast they can strike. In their paper published in the journal Biology Letters, David Penning, Baxter Sawvel and Brad Moon described a study they carried out with three types of snakes and high speed video cameras, and what they learned by doing so.
	Scientists generate a new type of human stem cell that has half a genome Scientists from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) and The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute (NYSCF) have succeeded in generating a new type of embryonic stem cell that carries a single copy of the human genome, instead of the two copies typically found in normal stem cells. The scientists reported their findings today in the journal Nature.
Scientists discover parts of organs 'have minds of their own' when it comes to growth Scientists at the University of Sussex have discovered how parts of organs grow differently when body size changes.
	The ocean's loudest invertebrates may be silenced by acidification Snapping shrimps, the loudest invertebrate in the ocean, may be silenced under increasing ocean acidification, a University of Adelaide study has found.
	Bonobos found to focus more on feel-good imagery than danger or aggression (Phys.org)—A small team of researchers in The Netherlands has found that Bonobos, unlike humans and chimpanzees, tend to focus more on feel-good images than on images featuring danger or aggression. In their paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the team describes experiments they conducted with several captive bonobos and what they learned about both the bonobos and us humans.
Keeping ribosomes stuck may stop virulent bacteria strain in its track Compounds that stop a cellular rescue operation for stuck ribosomes may bolster the nation's defenses against biowarfare and bioterrorism, as well as create alternative antibiotics to handle increasingly resistant pathogens, according to a team of researchers.
	Surface-going cave crickets actually more isolated than cave-dwelling cousins People sometimes rely on the stereotype of a kid living in their parents' basement to illustrate poor socialization and isolation.
	Selfish bumblebees are not prepared to share Well qualified bumblebees are not prepared to share their pollinating knowledge with less experienced bees, according to new research carried out at Queen Mary University of London (QMUL).
	Bacterial resistance to copper in the making for thousands of years Human use of copper dating back to the Bronze Age has shaped the evolution of bacteria, leading to bugs that are highly resistant to the metal's antibacterial properties.
	Evolution of hermaphroditic nematode proves deterministic maternal effects can give offspring head start in life Thank your mothers: A research collaboration between UC Santa Barbara and L'École Normale Supérieure in Paris has proven that deterministic maternal effects can give offspring a better start on life.
	Viruses 'piggyback' on host microbes' success In the microscopic life that thrives around coral reefs, San Diego State University researchers have discovered an interplay between viruses and microbes that defies conventional wisdom. As the density of microbes rises in an ecosystem, the number of viruses infecting those microbes rises with it. It has generally been assumed that this growing population of viruses, in turn, kills more and more microbes, keeping the microbial population in check. It's a model known as "kill-the-winner"—the winners being the blooming microbial cells and the killers being the viruses (mostly bacteria-killing viruses known as bacteriophages) that infect them.
	Storks give up on winter migration in favor of junk food White storks are addicted to junk food and make round-trips of almost 100km to get their fix - according to new research from the University of East Anglia.
Slow path to recovery for southern right whales The first population assessment since the end of the whaling era reveals that New Zealand southern right whales have some way to go before numbers return to pre-industrial levels. Reporting this week in Royal Society Open Science scientists from British Antarctic Survey (BAS), the University of Auckland, Oregon State University and the University of St Andrews, explain how they used historic logbook records from whaling ships and computer modelling to compare population numbers.
	Threatened plant gets boost from biotech lab Woodland agrimony isn't much to look at—the short plant with jagged leaves and tiny yellow flowers is likely to be overlooked on an afternoon hike—but this rare, threatened plant got a high-tech hand from researchers at the Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI).
Free database shows where to find some of the world's most toxic snakes Snakes known to produce some of the most toxic venoms swim the shallows of the western Pacific and eastern Indian oceans and sun themselves on island coasts from southwestern Japan to Indonesia, the Andaman Islands to Fiji.
	Could humans hibernate? On cold, dark days it is tempting to imagine shutting yourself away until the warmer weather returns. Many animals do just that by entering a state known as torpor, which reduces their bodily functions to a minimum and uses fat stores in their body for energy. Could humans ever hibernate in the same way?
Milwaukee Zoo recording big cats for study on tiger language Strannik - all 422 pounds of him - laid his ears back and chuffed as breakfast in the form of ground beef mixed with vitamins was passed through the bars of his cage.
Researchers discover sophisticated alarm signaling in a primitive insect Many insect species respond to danger by producing chemical alarm signals, or alarm pheromones, to inform others. In a recent study, investigators found that their alarm may be even be context dependent.
A surprising makeover turns an ordinary protein into a magnetic sculptor By studying an unusual group of magnetic microorganisms, scientists at UC Berkeley have uncovered a new and unexpected function for a ubiquitous protein family. Proteases are workhorse enzymes found in all living organisms that act in general cellular maintenance and communication by chewing up proteins. In a paper publishing in the Open Access journal PLOS Biology on March 16th 2016, the Komeili lab, along with collaborators in the Hurley and Chang groups, have now shown that a bacterial protein called MamO has been transformed from a common protease to an inactive enzyme that helps to build magnetic nanoparticles using a novel metal-binding motif.
	Critically endangered crocodile hatchlings from same nest may have multiple fathers Genetic analysis revealed that critically endangered Orinoco crocodile hatchlings from the same clutch may have multiple fathers, according to a study published March 16, 2016 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Natalia Rossi Lafferriere from Columbia University and colleagues.
	New DNA results answer consumers' demand for trust in seafood Two-thirds (67 percent) of U.S. seafood consumers say they want to know that their fish can be traced back to a known and trusted source, with 58 percent saying they look to ecolabels as a trusted source of information. Globally, 55 percent doubt that the seafood they consume is what it says on the package. These findings are from the Marine Stewardship Council's (MSC) latest survey of more than 16,000 seafood consumers across 21 countries.
Bumblebees found coast to coast are studied for protection Two species of wild bumblebees found from Alaska to North Carolina and in Canada will be considered for protection under the Endangered Species Act, the U.S. government said Tuesday.
	Extremely rare whales make big showing in Cape Cod Bay Cape Cod is seeing a lot more of some singularly welcome tourists: endangered right whales enticed by the fine dining possibilities of its plankton-rich bay.
	Transport sector joins fight against wildlife crime The global fight against wildlife crime received another major boost with the signing of a declaration at Buckingham Palace in London committing the leaders of the global transportation industry to take concrete steps to tackle wildlife trafficking.
	Bacteria's social media Perhaps when you think of bacterial communities you think of a flask full of rapidly dividing E. coli. But in non-lab conditions, bacteria grow in complex, heterogeneous communities composed of diverse microscopic organisms. In these communities, bacteria need a means to communicate with their kin, and they do this through a language known as quorum sensing (QS), where bugs secrete and detect factors that tell them whether they're surrounded by kin (and if so, how many there are).
	Frankenflies sent to defeat Zika A coalition of the willing has unleashed a surge of Frankenflies at the frontline of the War on Zika. Armed with a genetic payload, the airborne troops will carry out a precision strike against a rogue group of Mozzys that harbor the virus. Proponents argue by clearing the ground of hostile flies they will be able to degrade the operating capability of virus and neutralize the threat of the current Zika insurgency in Brazil and beyond. However, critics claim this shock and awe approach will prove ineffective in the face of Mozzy guerilla tactics, with flies able to go to ground through reliance on egg dumps hidden in native territory. Further there are concerns that despite advances in precision molecular bombing, this nuclear option could result in collateral damage; or at worst further de-stabilize the situation, allowing an axis of airborne pathogens to invade the territory, potentially leading to the emergence of new, more dan! gerous weapons of mass infection.
	Newly-released sorghum types offer biodiversity, crop improvement It's an ancient grain that has been cultivated for thousands of years. Yet you may not even have heard of it.

---

This email is a free service of Phys.org
You received this email because you subscribed to our list.
If you no longer want to receive this email use the link below to unsubscribe.
https://sciencex.com/profile/nwletter/
You are subscribed as jmabs1@gmail.com