Nature Reviews Microbiology contents April 2016 Volume 14 Number 4 pp 191-263

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
April 2016 Volume 14 Number 4		Advertisement
Impact Factor 23.574 *	In this issue Research Highlights News and Analysis Progress Reviews Also this month Article series: Microbiome Article series: New technologies: methods and applications Article series: Microbial biofilms  Featured article: A new view into prokaryotic cell biology from electron cryotomography Catherine M. Oikonomou & Grant J. Jensen	QScience.com Highlights is a regularly updated online platform which highlights the best of published research, handpicked by Nature Journals' editors, from QScience.com. Stay up-to-date with the latest research and reviews  qscience.nature.com
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Microbiome: Restoring healthy growth in infants p191 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.31 Three new studies investigate the links between microbiome composition and growth in underweight infants and identify specific diet components and microbial taxa that can counteract the effects of poor nutrition. PDF Bacterial physiology: It's never too late for CRISPR RNases p192 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.28 A role in targeting late-stage phage genes explains the presence of RNases in type III-A CRISPR-Cas systems. PDF Fungal physiology: Aspergillus sees the light p192 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.36 This study shows that the SakA stress-sensing pathway is required for phytochrome-dependent light signalling in Aspergillus nidulans. PDF Environmental microbiology: Pumping carbon to the deep ocean p194 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.29 Using data collected during the Tara Oceans expedition, this study elucidates how trans-kingdom interactions in marine microbial communities influence the export of carbon from the atmosphere to the deep ocean. PDF Viral evolution: One giant leap for Cas-kind p194 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.35 MIMIVIRE, an antivirophage defence system that includes Cas-like proteins, provides an intriguing new example of the unusual biology of giant viruses. PDF Antimicrobials: β-lactam sensor discovered p195 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.27 This study identifies the first β-lactam receptor in Gram-negative bacteria, VbrK, a histidine kinase that belongs to a two-component system in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. PDF IN BRIEF Parasite biology: Divide and conquer | Bacterial physiology: A new way to die | Host response: Amoebae cast a wider net | Fungal pathogenesis: Copy and cut to evade host defence | Bacterial pathogenesis: How pneumococci lose their capsule | Archaea: A novel DNA import system PDF
NEWS AND ANALYSIS		Top
GENOME WATCH EPEC: a cocktail of virulence Teemu Kallonen & Christine J. Boinett p196 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.33 Genomics studies are prompting a re-evaluation of the diversity of Escherichia coli pathovars and how this diversity corresponds to virulence. PDF
PROGRESS		Top
Article series: Microbiome The influence of commensal bacteria on infection with enteric viruses Stephanie M. Karst p197 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2015.25 In this Progress article, Stephanie Karst describes how the gut microbiota promotes intestinal infection by enteric viruses. She discusses direct mechanisms by which bacteria stabilize viral particles and facilitate viral attachment to host cells, and indirect mechanisms by which the microbiota suppresses antiviral immune responses. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
REVIEWS		Top
Article series: New technologies: methods and applications A new view into prokaryotic cell biology from electron cryotomography Catherine M. Oikonomou & Grant J. Jensen p205 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.7 In this Review, Oikonomou and Jensen discuss how electron cryotomography has provided structural and mechanistic insights into the physiology of bacteria and archaea, from morphogenesis to subcellular compartmentalization and from metabolism to complex interspecies interactions. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
Metabolic crosstalk between host and pathogen: sensing, adapting and competing Andrew J. Olive & Christopher M. Sassetti p221 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.12 The metabolism of pathogens and hosts are intertwined — they compete for resources, sense metabolites produced by each other and target metabolic processes to mediate virulence and immunity. In this Review, Olive and Sassetti discuss the emerging roles of metabolism in host-pathogen interactions. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
The genomic signatures of Shigella evolution, adaptation and geographical spread Hao Chung The, Duy Pham Thanh, Kathryn E. Holt, Nicholas R. Thomson & Stephen Baker p235 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.10 Shigella spp. harbour an arsenal of virulence factors that enable host invasion. Here, Baker and colleagues review how these bacteria have evolved from Escherichia coli on several occasions into highly specialized, human-restricted pathogens that have spread globally. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Article series: Microbial biofilms The ecology and biogeochemistry of stream biofilms Tom J. Battin, Katharina Besemer, Mia M. Bengtsson, Anna M. Romani & Aaron I. Packmann p251 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.15 Biofilms dominate microbial life in streams and rivers. In this Review, Battin and colleagues describe the interactions between the microbiome of stream biofilms and ecosystem processes, and they consider the effects of global ecosystem change and climate change on these biofilms. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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