Nature Chemistry Contents April 2016 Volume 8 Number 4 pp 283 - 392

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TABLE OF CONTENTS April 2016 Volume 8, Issue 4 Commentary Thesis News and Views Review Articles In Your Element Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement npj Clean Water: open for submissions  An open access, online-only journal, dedicated to publishing high-quality papers that describe the significant and cutting-edge research that continues to ensure the supply of clean water to populations.  Explore the benefits of submitting your next manuscript.   Advertisement Nature Conference on FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS — CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES  June 6-8, 2016 | Nanjing, China Presented by: Nanjing Tech University | Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nature Communications | Nature  REGISTER NOW!   Commentary Top Another four bricks in the wall   pp283 - 288 Shawn C. Burdette, Philip Ball, Kat Day, Eric R. Scerri and Brett F. Thornton doi:10.1038/nchem.2482 Of all the things humans can bestow names upon, new chemical elements are about the rarest. Our group of periodic table experts attempts to read the tea leaves and predict the names for elements 113, 115, 117 and 118. Thesis Top Changing chemistry by degrees   pp289 - 290 Michelle Francl doi:10.1038/nchem.2483 It is easy to overlook just how important temperature is when it comes to chemistry and Michelle Francl wonders if thermometers had a role in turning alchemists into chemists. News and Views Top Synthetic biology: Tailor-made genetic codes   pp291 - 292 Michael C. Jewett and Vincent Noireaux doi:10.1038/nchem.2484 Expanding the range of amino acids polymerizable by ribosomes could enable new functionalities to be added to polypeptides. Now, the genetic code has been reprogrammed using a reconstituted in vitro translation system to enable synthesis of unnatural peptides with unmatched flexibility. See also: Article by Iwane et al. Oxide interfaces: Mismatched lattices patched up   pp292 - 294 Kenneth R. Poeppelmeier and James M. Rondinelli doi:10.1038/nchem.2477 Controlling interfaces between transition-metal oxides and dissimilar structures is crucial for practical applications, yet has remained a quandary. Now, a coherent interface that bridges a perovskite and a fluorite structure has been formed using judiciously chosen metal cations. See also: Article by O'Sullivan et al. Metal-organic frameworks: A thin film opening   pp294 - 296 Christopher J. Sumby doi:10.1038/nchem.2481 The properties of metal-organic frameworks — promising for a myriad of applications — can be commonly tuned by judicious choice of the building blocks used to prepare the material. Now, simply downsizing a rigid, non-porous MOF to a thin film has been shown to endow it with dynamic, gate-opening-type guest uptake behaviour. See also: Article by Sakaida et al. Click chemistry: Straining to react   pp296 - 297 John A. Milligan and Peter Wipf doi:10.1038/nchem.2485 A new click-style reaction based on a strain-release amination strategy has been developed. This approach can be used to append small, strained ring systems onto a core scaffold. Chemistry JOBS of the week Analytical Chemistry Professor Universidad De Los Andes Postdoctoral Researcher - Computational Chemistry Columbia University More Science jobs from Chemistry EVENT 4th Royal Society of Chemistry Early Career Symposium 23.06.16 Glasgow, UK More science events from Review Top Substrate channelling as an approach to cascade reactions   pp299 - 309 Ian Wheeldon, Shelley D. Minteer, Scott Banta, Scott Calabrese Barton, Plamen Atanassov et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.2459 In enzyme-catalysed metabolic pathways, substrate channelling often directs the movement of intermediates from one active site to the next. Intramolecular tunnels, electrostatic interactions and chemical swing arms pass intermediates from one enzyme to the next, enhancing pathway catalysis. Introducing mechanisms of bounded diffusion in chemical cascades can increase selectivity, transient rates and overall yield. Articles Top Molecular docking sites designed for the generation of highly crystalline covalent organic frameworks   pp310 - 316 Laura Ascherl, Torben Sick, Johannes T. Margraf, Saul H. Lapidus, Mona Calik et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.2444 Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are attractive multifunctional porous materials that can be generated with atomic precision. However, endowing them with long-range order—desirable for applications—has remained challenging. Now, propeller-shaped building units have been used that allow consecutive layers to lock in position, resulting in highly crystalline COFs. Chemical compounds Expanding the amino acid repertoire of ribosomal polypeptide synthesis via the artificial division of codon boxes   pp317 - 325 Yoshihiko Iwane, Azusa Hitomi, Hiroshi Murakami, Takayuki Katoh, Yuki Goto et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.2446 The repertoire of amino acids available for ribosomal peptide synthesis is limited by the genetic code. Now, a method to reduce the redundancy of codons has been developed based on the artificial division of codon boxes. This method enables non-proteinogenic amino acids to be included in peptides without sacrificing proteinogenic ones. See also: News and Views by Jewett & Noireaux Microscopic origin of chiral shape induction in achiral crystals   pp326 - 330 Wende Xiao, Karl-Heinz Ernst, Krisztian Palotas, Yuyang Zhang, Emilie Bruyer et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.2449 Achiral minerals often adopt a chiral shape when crystal growth proceeds in contact with chiral molecules. Now, detailed microscopic insight is provided into how the chiral footprint of hemifullerene (a buckybowl that is essentially half of C60) rearranges atoms at step edges on a copper surface into chiral motifs. Effects of correlated parameters and uncertainty in electronic-structure-based chemical kinetic modelling   pp331 - 337 Jonathan E. Sutton, Wei Guo, Markos A. Katsoulakis and Dionisios G. Vlachos doi:10.1038/nchem.2454 Theoretical electronic-structure methods are routinely used to estimate the parameters of complex kinetic models. It is now shown that uncertainty in such model parameters is correlated and that it can be quantified. An associated sensitivity analysis method is also derived that handles complex systems with many correlated reactions. Modular synthesis of N-glycans and arrays for the hetero-ligand binding analysis of HIV antibodies   pp338 - 346 Sachin S. Shivatare, Shih-Huang Chang, Tsung-I Tsai, Susan Yu Tseng, Vidya S. Shivatare et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.2463 The glycoprotein gp120 is found on the surface of the HIV viron; it is essential for virus entry into cells. Now, an efficient modular synthesis of N-glycans and the preparation of a mixed-glycan array on aluminium-oxide-coated glass slide is described. This is a vital step in understanding the complex compositions of gp120 and thus important for the development of new HIV therapies. Interface control by chemical and dimensional matching in an oxide heterostructure   pp347 - 353 Marita O'Sullivan, Joke Hadermann, Matthew S. Dyer, Stuart Turner, Jonathan Alaria et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.2441 The behaviour of heterostructures, crucial in nanodevices, largely depends on interfacial phenomena. These have proven difficult to control when the different materials adopt distinct crystal structures. Now, a coherent interface between perovskite and fluorite has been achieved that relies in particular on the coordination flexibility of judiciously chosen metal cations. See also: News and Views by Poeppelmeier & Rondinelli Designed metalloprotein stabilizes a semiquinone radical   pp354 - 359 Gözde Ulas, Thomas Lemmin, Yibing Wu, George T. Gassner and William F. DeGrado doi:10.1038/nchem.2453 Nature's speciality is to direct and control the reactivity of species, which are otherwise fatally destructive. However, the processes and design rules required to achieve such precise control are not clear. A de novo designed metalloprotein that stabilizes an otherwise unstable organic radical has now been developed to guide our understanding. Iterative reactions of transient boronic acids enable sequential C–C bond formation   pp360 - 367 Claudio Battilocchio, Florian Feist, Andreas Hafner, Meike Simon, Duc N. Tran et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.2439 The ability to form multiple carbon–carbon bonds in a controlled sequence represents an important goal in modern chemical synthesis. Here, the in situ preparation of reactive allylic and benzylic boronic acids, obtained by reacting flow-generated diazo compounds with boronic acids, and their application in controlled iterative C–C bond forming reactions is described. Chemical compounds Reprogramming the assembly of unmodified DNA with a small molecule   pp368 - 376 Nicole Avakyan, Andrea A. Greschner, Faisal Aldaye, Christopher J. Serpell, Violeta Toader et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.2451 Cyanuric acid, a small molecule with three thymine-like faces, reprogrammes the assembly of unmodified poly(adenine) into long fibres with a unique internal structure. The association of adenine and cyanuric acid units into a hexameric rosette motif brings together poly(adenine) triplexes with subsequent cooperative polymerization. Crystalline coordination framework endowed with dynamic gate-opening behaviour by being downsized to a thin film   pp377 - 383 Shun Sakaida, Kazuya Otsubo, Osami Sakata, Chulho Song, Akihiko Fujiwara et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.2469 The sorption properties of a metal–organic framework (MOF) typically depend on its structure. Now, a MOF that consists of interdigitated layers has been prepared that does not take up guests in its bulk or thick-film form, yet does so—with a dynamic gate-opening behaviour—in thin-film form. See also: News and Views by Sumby Chemical amplification of magnetic field effects relevant to avian magnetoreception   pp384 - 391 Daniel R. Kattnig, Emrys W. Evans, Victoire Déjean, Charlotte A. Dodson, Mark I. Wallace et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.2447 Proposed as the source of the light-dependent magnetic compass in migratory birds, the radical pair mechanism is thought to operate in flavoproteins in the retina. Now, it has been demonstrated that the primary magnetic field effect on flavin photoreactions can be chemically amplified by slow radical termination reactions under conditions of continuous photoexcitation. In Your Element Top Iridium's impact   p392 David Payne doi:10.1038/nchem.2486 David Payne relates iridium's role in two very different ages. Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. 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