Laboratory Investigation - Table of Contents alert Volume 96 Issue 4

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 96, Issue 4 (April 2016) In this issue Inside the USCAP Journals Mini Review Research Articles Technical Reports Also new AOP Sign up for e-alerts Recommend to your library Web feed Subscribe Advertisement Don't miss the latest focus issues from Laboratory Investigation and Modern Pathology  FOCUS ON BREAST Highlighting recent advances in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. FOCUS ON SOFT TISSUE Advancing understanding of the pathogenesis of soft tissue sarcomas, and describing advances that may lead to the development of new diagnostic tests and targeted therapies.   Inside the USCAP Journals Top Inside the USCAP Journals 2016 96: 376-377; 10.1038/labinvest.2016.41 Full Text Mini Review Top Links between coagulation, inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis in kidney pathology Renal pathology is characterized by a mix of intrinsic injurious pathological mechanisms. In this review, the authors focus on the four major danger response programs: coagulation, inflammation, re-epithelialization and mesenchymal repair; and explain how each one contributes to the heterogeneity of kidney diseases. The characterization of these mechanisms will allow modulation of kidney diseases for better patient outcomes. Beatriz Suárez-Álvarez, Helen Liapis and Hans-Joachim Anders 2016 96: 378-390; advance online publication, January 11, 2016; 10.1038/labinvest.2015.164 Abstract | Full Text Research Articles Top ANGIOGENESIS, CARDIOVASCULAR AND PULMONARY SYSTEMS Prolyl isomerase Pin1 promotes survival in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma cells with an epithelial–mesenchymal transition phenotype Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) partly accounts for resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. This paper reveals that an EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma cell line has a subpopulation of cells that displays an EMT phenotype and depends on the isomerase Pin1 for survival, and also describes the expression of Pin1 in a relevant clinical sample. These findings suggest that inhibition of Pin1 activity could be a novel strategy for lung cancer treatment. Yuji Sakuma, Hirotaka Nishikiori, Sachie Hirai, Miki Yamaguchi, Gen Yamada, Atsushi Watanabe, Tadashi Hasegawa, Takashi Kojima, Toshiro Niki and Hiroki Takahashi 2016 96: 391-398; advance online publication, January 11, 2016; 10.1038/labinvest.2015.155 Abstract | Full Text Arterialization and anomalous vein wall remodeling in varicose veins is associated with upregulated FoxC2-Dll4 pathway This study substantiates a significant role for altered FoxC2-Dll4 signaling in the pathogenesis of structural alterations in varicose veins, a heritable common disorder of lower extremities in humans. Smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia in varicose veins are associated with increased expression of Notch signaling molecules such as the arterial endothelial markers Dll4 and Hey2, and the arterial specific marker EphrinB2. Sumi Surendran, Kalpana S Ramegowda, Aarcha Suresh, S S Binil Raj, Ravi Kumar B Lakkappa, Giridhar Kamalapurkar, N Radhakrishnan and Chandrasekharan C Kartha 2016 96: 399-408; advance online publication, January 25, 2016; 10.1038/labinvest.2015.167 Abstract | Full Text IMMUNE SYSTEM AND STEM CELLS The pro-inflammatory role of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1) in photoreceptors and retinal explants exposed to elevated pressure The role of HMGB-1 in retinal models of elevated pressure-induced neurodegeneration and inflammation are examined in this paper. The authors found that HMGB-1 promotes an inflammatory response and mediates apoptosis in the pathology of photoreceptors and retinal homeostasis and may play a key role in ongoing damage of retinal cells under conditions of elevated intraocular pressure. Michael R R Böhm, Maurice Schallenberg, Katrin Brockhaus, Harutyun Melkonyan and Solon Thanos 2016 96: 409-427; advance online publication, January 18, 2016; 10.1038/labinvest.2015.156 Abstract | Full Text TNF-α alters the inflammatory secretion profile of human first trimester placenta Implantation and placental development depend on interactions between fetal and maternal tissues including cross-talk between inflammatory and immune-modulating factors. This study shows that elevated maternal tumor necrosis factor-α causes human first trimester villous placenta to increase levels of GM-CSF, CCL5 and IL10, whereas IL-6 and IL-8 remain unaffected. This shift may represent a protective mechanism by to sustain trophoblast function and dampen inflammatory processes in the intervillous space. Monika Siwetz, Astrid Blaschitz, Amin El-Heliebi, Ursula Hiden, Gernot Desoye, Berthold Huppertz and Martin Gauster 2016 96: 428-438; advance online publication, January 11, 2016; 10.1038/labinvest.2015.159 Abstract | Full Text BREAST, SKIN, SOFT TISSUE AND BONE Oestrogen promotes healing in a bacterial LPS model of delayed cutaneous wound repair This study presents κ pneumoniae-derived lipopolysaccharide treatment as a simple yet effective model of bacterial wound infection and use the model to determine whether estrogen can effectively promote healing. Treatment with 17β-estradiol enhances re-epithelialization, dampens inflammation and induces collagen deposition in this model, strengthening the case for its therapeutic use. Rachel Crompton, Helen Williams, David Ansell, Laura Campbell, Kirsty Holden, Sheena Cruickshank and Matthew J Hardman 2016 96: 439-449; advance online publication, February 8, 2016; 10.1038/labinvest.2015.160 Abstract | Full Text MODELS AND TECHNIQUES A robust nonlinear tissue-component discrimination method for computational pathology The authors propose a novel non-linear tissue-component discrimination method to automatically register the color space of histopathology images and visualize individual tissue components, independent of color differences between images. They determine that this method is objective, robust and effective, and can be easily implemented in the emerging field of computational pathology. Jacob S Sarnecki, Kathleen H Burns, Laura D Wood, Kevin M Waters, Ralph H Hruban, Denis Wirtz and Pei-Hsun Wu 2016 96: 450-458; advance online publication, January 18, 2016; 10.1038/labinvest.2015.162 Abstract | Full Text Technical Reports Top Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy for diagnosing breast cancer in excision and margin specimens This paper shows that spectrally-encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) has high diagnostic accuracy for determining malignant breast tissues (sensitivity of 0.91; specificity of 0.93; intra-observer agreement of 0.87; inter-observer agreement of 0.84). These results suggest that SECM may be developed into an intra-operative margin assessment tool for guiding breast cancer excisions. Elena F Brachtel, Nicole B Johnson, Amelia E Huck, Travis L Rice-Stitt, Mark G Vangel, Barbara L Smith, Guillermo J Tearney and Dongkyun Kang 2016 96: 459-467; advance online publication, January 18, 2016; 10.1038/labinvest.2015.158 Abstract | Full Text Acceleration of tumor growth due to dysfunction in M1 macrophages and enhanced angiogenesis in an animal model of autoimmune disease Both autoimmunity and tumor immunity are immune responses against self-tissues or cells. However, the precise similarity, difference, or crosstalk between them remains unclear. This study shows that dysfunctional tumor immunity, including imbalance between M1 and M2 tumor-associated macrophages and enhanced angiogenesis in autoimmunity, influence tumor growth. Tomoyuki Kondo, Takaaki Tsunematsu, Akiko Yamada, Rieko Arakaki, Masako Saito, Kunihiro Otsuka, Satoko Kujiraoka, Aya Ushio, Mie Kurosawa, Yasusei Kudo and Naozumi Ishimaru 2016 96: 468-480; advance online publication, January 25, 2016; 10.1038/labinvest.2015.166 Abstract | Full Text A selective screening platform reveals unique global expression patterns of microRNAs in a cohort of human soft-tissue sarcomas This study shows that there is tight clustering of miRNAs among the simple translocation sarcomas like synovial sarcoma and myxoid liposarcoma, and less in the complex karyotypic sarcoma-like pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, reflective of their inherent biologic differences. The authors also find muscle-specific miRNAs in non-myogenic sarcomas. These results may have diagnostic and prognostic implications and could lead to new therapies. Peter Y Yu, Mumtaz Y Balkhi, Katherine J Ladner, Hansjuerg Alder, Lianbo Yu, Xiaokui Mo, William G Kraybill, Denis C Guttridge and O Hans Iwenofu 2016 96: 481-491; advance online publication, February 15, 2016; 10.1038/labinvest.2015.168 Abstract | Full Text Please note that you need to be a subscriber or site-licence holder to enjoy full-text access to Laboratory Investigation. In order to do so, please purchase a subscription. You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/nams/svc/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant). For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department. For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription department. For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department. 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