Nature Immunology Contents: November 2015 Volume 16 pp 1105 - 1203

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TABLE OF CONTENTS November 2015 Volume 16, Issue 11 News and Views Research Highlights Review Articles Advertisement   NEW WHITE PAPER: The Latest Advances in Cell and Tissue Engrafted Mice This white paper provides an in-depth overview of mice engrafted with human cells and tissues and how they can help to bridge the biological gap between mice and humans.  Learn More About: How cell and tissue engrafted mice are generated The application of immune system engrafted models in basic and applied research And, read an evaluation of the available super immunodeficient models for cell and issue Download Your Copy Today Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Microbiology: Call for Papers Launching in January 2016, Nature Microbiology is now open for submissions and inviting high-quality submissions. The journal will cover all aspects of microorganisms be it their evolution, physiology and cell biology, their interactions with each other, with a host, with an environment, or their societal significance.  Submit your next research paper to the journal.     News and Views Top Reversed-polarity Treg cell TCRs provide a shock   pp1105 - 1107 Mark Peakman and Andrew K Sewell doi:10.1038/ni.3289 Docking of T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) engaging complexes of peptide and major histocompatibility complex has shown the same diagonal orientation and polarity. A new study demonstrating that TCRs from regulatory T cells bind with reversed polarity challenges this dogma. See also: Article by Beringer et al. De-Mst-ifying microbicidal killing   pp1107 - 1108 Lynda M Stuart and Adam Lacy-Hulbert doi:10.1038/ni.3291 Mitochondria can contribute to an increase in the amount of phagosomal reactive oxygen species and thereby promote the effective killing of bacteria. Study of mice deficient in Mst1 and Mst2 reveals a role for these kinases in recruiting mitochondria to phagosomes. See also: Article by Geng et al. MicroRNA miR-22 drives TH17 responses in emphysema   pp1109 - 1110 Guy G Brusselle and Ken R Bracke doi:10.1038/ni.3295 The TH17 subset of helper T cells drives emphysema in smokers, but how these cells are elicited remains unknown. A study now links the microRNA miR-22 and the histone deacetylase HDAC4 to regulation of the activation of antigen-presenting cells after exposure to smoke. See also: Article by Lu et al. Drosha cuts the tethers of myelopoiesis   pp1110 - 1112 Annemarthe G van der Veen, Pierre V Maillard and Caetano Reis e Sousa doi:10.1038/ni.3297 The RNA endonuclease Drosha is required for myelopoiesis by its direct cleavage of stem-loop structures in mRNAs encoding Myl9 and Todr1. See also: Article by Johanson et al. Immunology JOBS of the week postdoc and technician positions in immunology and disease pathogenesis Medical University of South Carolina Immunology and Cell Biology Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr / Harvard Medical School Postdoctoral Fellow in HIV / SIV Immunology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center - Harvard Medical School Staff Scientist, Immunology Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason (BRI) Faculty Position, Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of California - San Francisco More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT International Congress of Immunology 2016 21st Aug - 26th Aug 2016 South Wharf, Victoria, Australia More science events from Research Highlights Top Melatonin zaps TH17 | SLE links to Alu elements | cGAS ramps up autoinflammatory disease | Don't eat me, activate me | Aging neutrophils | Preserving intestinal stem cells Review Top The burgeoning family of unconventional T cells   pp1114 - 1123 Dale I Godfrey, Adam P Uldrich, James McCluskey, Jamie Rossjohn and D Branch Moody doi:10.1038/ni.3298 While most studies of T lymphocytes have focused on peptide-MHC-reactive T cells, many other types of T cells do not fit this paradigm. Here Godfrey et al. review the immunology of such unconventional T cells. Advertisement Ultra-Sensitive Biomarker Assay Service from PBL Assay Science  Dedicated assay team to execute & develop fit-for-purpose Single Molecule Array (SIMOA™) immunoassays: IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-23, IP-10, TNFa, TRAIL, 3-plexes, custom fg/ml sensitivities for analytes in serum, plasma, & other matrices Multiplexing capabilities  Let PBL help with your complex assay needs.    Articles Top Runx3 specifies lineage commitment of innate lymphoid cells   pp1124 - 1133 Takashi Ebihara, Christina Song, Stacy H Ryu, Beatrice Plougastel-Douglas, Liping Yang et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3272 The transcriptional control of lineage commitment to various ILC subsets is incompletely understood. Yokoyama and colleagues show that Runx3 is essential for the normal development of ILC1 and ILC3 cells but not ILC2 cells. Drosha controls dendritic cell development by cleaving messenger RNAs encoding inhibitors of myelopoiesis   pp1134 - 1141 Timothy M Johanson, Ashleigh A Keown, Marek Cmero, Janet H C Yeo, Amit Kumar et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3293 The enzyme Drosha is associated with the biogenesis of microRNA. Chong and colleagues identify a non- microRNA function for Drosha in dendritic cell development. See also: News and Views by van der Veen et al. Kinases Mst1 and Mst2 positively regulate phagocytic induction of reactive oxygen species and bactericidal activity   pp1142 - 1152 Jing Geng, Xiufeng Sun, Ping Wang, Shihao Zhang, Xiaozhen Wang et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3268 Mitochondria must be juxtaposed to phagosomes to supply reactive oxygen species for effective killing of microbes. Zhou and colleagues demonstrate that the kinases Mst1 and Mst2 are important for controlling this redistribution of mitochondria. See also: News and Views by Stuart & Lacy-Hulbert T cell receptor reversed polarity recognition of a self-antigen major histocompatibility complex   pp1153 - 1161 Dennis X Beringer, Fleur S Kleijwegt, Florian Wiede, Arno R van der Slik, Khai Lee Loh et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3271 To date, structural analysis has demonstrated a highly consistent binding pattern of the TCR to the MHC molecule. Rossjohn and colleagues reveal the first structures of two human Treg cell TCRs and show that they bind with a reversed polarity to the MHC. See also: News and Views by Peakman & Sewell Control of peripheral tolerance by regulatory T cell-intrinsic Notch signaling   pp1162 - 1173 Louis-Marie Charbonnier, Sen Wang, Peter Georgiev, Esen Sefik and Talal A Chatila doi:10.1038/ni.3288 Chatila and colleagues demonstrate a critical role for Notch canonical and non-canonical signaling in controlling peripheral Treg cell function. Glycolysis controls the induction of human regulatory T cells by modulating the expression of FOXP3 exon 2 splicing variants   pp1174 - 1184 Veronica De Rosa, Mario Galgani, Antonio Porcellini, Alessandra Colamatteo, Marianna Santopaolo et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3269 The metabolic requirements of T cells vary according to their functional state. Matarese and colleagues show that the most functionally active human regulatory T cells are highly glycolytic and that this directly controls expression of a distinct splice variant of the transcription factor Foxp3. The microRNA miR-22 inhibits the histone deacetylase HDAC4 to promote TH17 cell-dependent emphysema   pp1185 - 1194 Wen Lu, Ran You, Xiaoyi Yuan, Tianshu Yang, Errol L G Samuel et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3292 Smoking can lead to emphysema. Corry and colleagues show that smoke and carbon black particles induce the microRNA miR-22 as a mediator that suppresses expression of the histone deacetylase HDAC4 and thereby promotes a chronic TH17 cell-dependent inflammatory response. See also: News and Views by Brusselle & Bracke TCR-induced sumoylation of the kinase PKC-θ controls T cell synapse organization and T cell activation   pp1195 - 1203 Xu-Dong Wang, Yu Gong, Zhi-Long Chen, Bei-Ni Gong, Ji-Ji Xie et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3259 Sumoylation regulates many cellular processes, but its role in TCR signaling remains unknown. Li and colleagues show that sumoylation of the kinase PKC-θ is required for the assembly of a mature immunological synapse. Advertisement The ChemiDoc™ Touch Imaging System  Get the quantitation of digital imaging with the sensitivity of film. Introducing the ChemiDoc™ Touch Imaging System, the latest addition to the V3 Western Workflow™. 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